Influence of Fermented Red Ginseng Extract on Broilers and Laying Hens

Ao, X.,Zhou, T.X.,Kim, H.J.,Hong, S.M.,Kim, I.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.7

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of fermented red ginseng extract (FRGE) as feed additive in broilers and laying hens. In broilers, 480 Arbor Acre male broilers were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 6 replications per treatment and 20 chicks per pen. The experiment lasted 5 weeks and dietary treatments were as follows: i) CON, basal diet; ii) FRGE1, basal diet+1 g/kg fermented red ginseng extract; iii) FRGE2, basal diet+2 g/kg fermented red ginseng extract and iv) FRGE3 basal diet+4 g/kg fermented red ginseng extract. Throughout the experiment, no effects were observed (p>0.05) in performance in response to FRGE. At the end of the experiment, FRGE administration improved (p<0.05) the lymphocyte level compared with CON. The relative weight of bursa of fabricius and spleen were increased (p<0.05) by the inclusion of FRGE3. Besides, redness ($a^*$) value for the breast meat was higher (p<0.05) in FRGE1 and FRGE3 treatments than that in CON. In laying hens, 240 ISA brown layers at 35 weeks of age were used in this 8-week trial. Dietary treatments were the same as in the broilers trial with 10 replicates per treatment and 6 layers per replicate. During the entire experiment, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in performance or egg quality among all the treatments. However, the layers fed diets supplemented with FRGE had higher lymphocyte level (p<0.05) compared with those fed CON. In conclusion, the dietary supplementation with FRGE did not influence performance but improved the lymphocyte level in both broilers and laying hens.

Aggregation Behavior of Aqueous Solutions of 1-Dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium Salts with Different Halide Anions

Ao, Mingqi,Kim, Doseok American Chemical Society 2013 Journal of chemical and engineering data Vol.58 No.6

<P>The interfacial and bulk properties of the aqueous solutions of imidazolium-based ionic liquids with different halide anions ([C<SUB>12</SUB>mim]Cl, [C<SUB>12</SUB>mim]Br, [C<SUB>12</SUB>mim]I) were investigated by surface tension and electrical conductivity measurements. The lowest surface tension (γ<SUB>cmc</SUB>) and maximum surface excess concentration (Γ<SUB>max</SUB>) values from the surface tension measurements showed that [C<SUB>12</SUB>mim]I had the highest surface activity. The thermodynamic pontentials of micellization (Δ<I>G</I><SUP>0</SUP><SUB>m</SUB>, Δ<I>H</I><SUP>0</SUP><SUB>m</SUB>, Δ<I>S</I><SUP>0</SUP><SUB>m</SUB>) indicated that the micellization of [C<SUB>12</SUB>mim]Cl and [C<SUB>12</SUB>mim]Br was entropy-driven, while that of [C<SUB>12</SUB>mim]I was enthalpy-driven at 15 °C but entropy-driven above 20 °C. This distinct behavior for [C<SUB>12</SUB>mim]I was thought to be due to the higher binding affinity of I<SUP>–</SUP> to the micellar interface.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jceaax/2013/jceaax.2013.58.issue-6/je301147k/production/images/medium/je-2012-01147k_0003.gif'></P>

Preparation and Characterization of Plasma Polymerized Methyl Methacrylate Thin Films as Gate Dielectric for Organic Thin Film Transistor

Ao, Wei,Lim, Jae-Sung,Shin, Paik-Kyun The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2011 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.6 No.6

Plasma polymerized methyl methacrylate (ppMMA) thin films were deposited by plasma polymerization technique with different plasma powers and subsequently thermally treated at temperatures of 60 to $150^{\circ}C$. To find a better ppMMA preparation technique for application to organic thin film transistor (OTFT) as dielectric layer, the chemical composition, surface morphology, and electrical properties of ppMMA were investigated. The effect of ppMMA thin-film preparation conditions on the resulting thin film properties were discussed, specifically O-H site content in the pMMA, dielectric constant, leakage current density, and hysteresis.

Gas-liquid mass transfer studies: The influence of single- and double-impeller configurations in stirred tanks

Ao Pan,Minghui Xie,Jianye Xia,Ju Chu,Ying-ping Zhuang 한국화학공학회 2018 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.35 No.1

The influence of impeller structure on the mass transfer characteristics was studied with the steady-state method for gas-liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa). The single-impeller configurations included eight impeller types (three radial flow impellers, four axial flow impellers and one mixed flow impeller), and the doubleimpeller included three configurations (RT+RT, RT+WHD, WHD+WHD). For single-impeller, the gas-liquid mass transfer rates of radial flow impellers were better than those of axial flow impellers under the same rotation speed and gas flow rate. The mass transfer performance (defined as the volumetric mass transfer coefficient per unit power input) of radial flow impellers were also better than that of axial flow impellers. With the same kLa value under a certain gas flow rate, the local bubble size distribution between radial flow impeller and axial flow impeller was similar. As for double impellers, RT+RT provided the highest mass transfer rate under certain rotation speed and gas flow rate, while WHD+WHD gave the highest values of gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient with the same power consumption.

Effects of Non-starch Polysaccharide-degrading Enzymes on Nutrient Digestibility, Growth Performance and Blood Profiles of Growing Pigs Fed a Diet Based on Corn and Soybean Meal

Ao, X.,Meng, Q.W.,Yan, L.,Kim, H.J.,Hong, S.M.,Cho, J.H.,Kim, I.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.12

Two experiments with growing pigs were conducted to investigate the effects of two distinct multienzyme preparations on nutrient digestibility, growth performance and blood profiles. In Exp. 1, a total of 96 pigs ($29.7{\pm}0.69\;kg$) were utilized in a 42-day performance and digestibility trial using four dietary treatments: CON (control diet), ENDO (control+0.10% Endopower), NSPase1 (control+0.10% NSPase) and NSPase2 (control+0.20% NSPase). Endopower was a commercial multienzyme preparation which contained ${\alpha}$-galactosidase, galactomannase, xylanase and ${\beta}$-glucanase. NSPase mainly contained ${\alpha}$-1,6-${\beta}$-galactosidase, ${\beta}$-1,4-mannanase and ${\beta}$-1,4-mannosidase. There were six replication pens per treatment with four pigs per pen. Pigs fed NSPase1 diet had a higher ADG (p<0.05) and G:F (p<0.05) than those fed the control diet. There were no significant differences in growth performance among the multienzyme treatments (p>0.05). Compared with CON, apparent digestibility of DM was increased (p<0.05) by ENDO treatment. N digestibility was improved (p<0.05) in response to multienzyme treatments during the experimental period. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was higher (p<0.05) in ENDO treatment than in CON and NSPase1 treatments at the end of the experiment, while the glucose level improved (p<0.05) due to ENDO and NSPase2 treatments. In Exp. 2, four ileal-cannulated, growing barrows ($20.17{\pm}1.31\;kg$) were housed in individual metabolism crates and randomly assigned to 1of 4 treatments (same as Exp. 1) within a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Enzyme supplementations improved the majority of apparent ileal amino acid digestibilities (p<0.05). It is concluded that the supplementation of NSPase1 improved growth performance as well as N digestibility and partially improved apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in growing pigs fed a diet based on corn and soybean meal.

Structurally ordered nanofiltration membranes prepared by spatially anchoring interfacial polymerization for highly efficient separation properties

Ao Sheng,Hao Wang,Haoji Jiang,Yaxin Zhao,Hao Li,Hao Jia,Zhong Wei,Heyun Wang 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.38 No.9

The incorporation of various nanofillers into the interfacial polymerization (IP) process is widely applied to prepare higher performance NF membranes. However, few studies have reported the influence of nanofillers on nanocomposite membrane formation in the IP process. Here, an optical microscope was employed to study the change rule in the 8-NH2-POSS/PSA nanocomposite membrane formation process due to the addition of 8-NH2-POSS nanoparticles. First, the addition of 8-NH2-POSS reduced the diffusion rate of the polyacrylamide hydrochloride (PAH) water phase on the surface against the oil phase because of the interaction with the PAH molecules. Furthermore, the 8-NH2- POSS/PSA nanocomposite membrane structure was more homogeneous and exhibited uniform pinhole defects distribution due to the interaction of the 8-NH2-POSS nanoparticles to the PAH segment. A significant separation performance was observed in the 8-NH2-POSS/PSA nanocomposite membrane due to the hydrophilicity and positive charge of the 8-NH2-POSS nanoparticles. The permeation flux and MgCl2 rejection of the 8-NH2-POSS/PSA nanocomposite membrane increased up to 50.5 L/m2 h at 0.5MPa and 94.8%, respectively, which corresponded to increases of 73.5% and 8.7% as compared to the pristine PSA membrane. 8-NH2-POSS/PSA nanocomposite membranes have great application potential in the water softening and treatment of divalent metals ions under acidic conditions.

Effects of Diet Complexity and Fermented Soy Protein on Growth Performance and Apparent Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility in Weanling Pigs

Ao, X.,Kim, H.J.,Meng, Q.W.,Yan, L.,Cho, J.H.,Kim, I.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.11

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of diet complexity and fermented soy protein on growth performance and amino acid digestibility. In Exp. 1, a total of 120 crossbred weanling pigs ($5.68{\pm}0.80\;kg$ BW) were randomly allocated into 4 treatments. Each treatment had 6 replicate pens comprising 5 pigs in each replicate. Experimental diets consisted of simple (soybean meal as protein source) and complex (soybean meal, rice protein concentrate, potato protein concentrate and fish meal as protein sources) diets; each diet contained 0 or 5% fermented soy protein (FSP), respectively. Dietary treatments included: i) simple diet; ii) simple diet with 5% FSP; iii) complex diet; iv) complex diet with 5% FSP. Pigs were provided each experimental diet for 20 d (phase 1) and then fed the same common diet for 10 d (phase 2). During days 0-10, pigs fed FSP diets had greater ADG than those fed non-FSP diets (p<0.05). G/F in FSP treatments was significantly higher than that in non-FSP treatments (p<0.05) from days 0 to 10. Throughout the overall period, G/F was greater in FSP treatments compared with non-FSP treatments (p<0.05). On d 10, N digestibility was higher in pigs fed FSP diets than in those fed non-FSP diets (p<0.05). Diet complexity did not affect growth performance and nutrient digestibility (p>0.05) in this experiment. In Exp 2, 12 ileal-cannulated, weanling barrows were housed in individual metabolism crates and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments (same as Exp. 1) by using a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Among the essential amino acids, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of Met and Val were increased in pigs fed FSP diets compared with those fed non-FSP diets (p<0.05). AID of Met, Phe and total essential amino acids were higher in pigs fed complex diets than in those fed simple diets (p<0.05). Among the non-essential amino acids, AID of Ala in FSP treatments was greater than that in non-FSP treatments (p<0.05). In addition, Asp, Cys, Glu, Pro, Ser and total non-essential amino acid digestibilities in pigs fed complex diets were higher compared with those fed simple diets (p<0.05). Interaction was observed in AID of Met, Asp and Pro. In conclusion, these results indicated that feeding of 5% FSP to nursery pigs improved feed efficiency and AID of amino acids, and diet complexity did not maximize the growth performance of pigs in the subsequent phase.

IL-17A exacerbates diabetic retinopathy by impairing Müller cell function via Act1 signaling

Ao-Wang Qiu,Zheng Bian,Ping-An Mao,Qing-Huai Liu 생화학분자생물학회 2016 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.48 No.-

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most serious complications of diabetes, has been associated with inflammatory processes. We have recently reported that interleukin (IL)-17A, a proinflammatory cytokine, is increased in the plasma of diabetic patients. Further investigation is required to clarify the role of IL-17A in DR. Ins2Akita (Akita) diabetic mice and high-glucose (HG)-treated primary Müller cells were used to mimic DR-like pathology. Diabetes induced retinal expression of IL-17A and IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) in Müller cells in contrast to ganglion cells. Further evidence demonstrated that retinal Müller cells cultured in vitro increased IL-17A and IL-17RA expression as well as IL-17A secretion in the HG condition. In both the HG-treated Müller cells and Akita mouse retina, the Act1/TRAF6/IKK/NF-κB signaling pathway was activated. IL-17A further enhanced inflammatory signaling activation, whereas Act1 knockdown or IKK inhibition blocked the downstream signaling activation by IL-17A. HG- and diabetesinduced Müller cell activation and dysfunction, as determined by increased glial fibrillary acidic protein, vascular endothelial growth factor and glutamate levels and decreased glutamine synthetase and excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression, were exacerbated by IL-17A; however, they were alleviated by Act1 knockdown or IKK inhibition. In addition, IL-17A intravitreal injection aggravated diabetes-induced retinal vascular leukostasis, vascular leakage and ganglion cell apoptosis, whereas Act1 silencing or anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody ameliorated the retinal vascular damage and neuronal cell apoptosis. These findings establish that IL-17A xacerbates DR-like pathology by the promotion of Müller cell functional impairment via Act1 signaling.

Effects of Fermented Red Ginseng Supplementation on Growth Performance, Apparent Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Hematology and Meat Quality in Finishing Pigs

Ao, X.,Meng, Q.W.,Kim, I.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.4

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of fermented red ginseng (FRG) on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, blood hematology and meat quality in finishing pigs. A total of 96 ((Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Duroc) pigs ($71.64{\pm}1.20\;kg$) were randomly allocated into one of the following dietary treatments: i) CON, basal diet; ii) FRG1, basal diet+1 g/kg fermented red ginseng; iii) FRG2, basal diet+2 g/kg fermented red ginseng and iv) FRG3 basal diet+4 g/kg fermented red ginseng. There were 6 replications per treatment with 4 pigs (2 gilts and 2 barrows) per pen. Throughout the whole period of the trial, there were no effects of FRG addition on ADG or G/F. Pigs fed FRG2 diet had lower ADFI (p<0.05) than those fed CON diet during 0-4 weeks while FRG2 and FRG3 treatments decreased ADFI (p<0.05) compared with CON treatment both during 5-8 weeks and the entire experiment. No differences were observed in apparent nutrient digestibility and blood hematology. However, FRG2 and FRG3 administration decreased the drip loss compared with CON (p<0.05). Pigs in FRG2 treatment had higher LMA (p<0.05) and lower WHC (p<0.05) than those in CON treatment. In conclusion, the supplementation of FRG had a minor effect on performance while partially improved meat quality in finishing pigs.

Differences in foot shape when wearing wedge-heeled shoes with elevated forefoot height and heel height

Ao Zhu,Yu-Chi Lee 한국의류학회 2023 Fashion and Textiles Vol.10 No.1

Wedge-heeled shoes, which are formed by elevating both the forefoot and heel, have been popular among young women. However, research on the foot shape in wedge-heeled shoes is lacking. This study aimed to access the effects of forefoot height (10, 20, and 30 mm) and heel height (30, 50, 70, and 90 mm) on foot shape and perceived comfort when wearing wedge-heeled shoes. Three-dimensional (3D) foot scanning was performed on 35 females and the 14 foot dimensions were measured. Increased forefoot height generated larger lengths (foot, ball and out ball), smaller girths (ball and instep) and heights (instep and navicular) ( p < 0.05). Thus, when the forefoot height increased, the foot became longer, slimmer and flatter. Moreover, elevated heel height resulted in larger dimensions for girths (ball and instep), heights (instep and navicular), and smaller dimensions for lengths (foot, ball and out ball), widths (diagonal and horizontal) and toe 5 angles of the foot ( p < 0.01). That means shorter, narrower and more convex foot shapes were observed when heel height increased. Subjective measurements implied that increased forefoot height significantly enhanced perceived comfort, whereas increased heel height diminished comfort. It was found that forefoot elevation could result in less deformation and discomfort which accompanied heel elevation, especially in the low heel-toe drop combinations (10 × 30 and 20 × 30 mm). The findings provide valuable references for enhancing shoe fitting and comfort for wedge-heeled shoes by providing dimensional data on the toe, ball, arch and instep regions.