Treatment of Cotton Fiber with Newly Synthesized UV Absorbers: Optimization and Protection Efficiency

Anum Sahar,Shaukat Ali 한국섬유공학회 2018 Fibers and polymers Vol.19 No.11

Two new hetrofunctional triazine based UV absorbers (1a, 2a) were theoretically and experimentally synthesized at our previous work. In the current investigation, these absorbers were applied to woven cotton fabric via the exhaust method of dyeing, that increase the ultraviolet protection factor of fabric by keeping the quantity of finishing chemicals low to combat with the environmental problem. Therefore, a statistical tool central composite rotatable design (CCRD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was selected for process modeling. The CCRD was applied to study the effect of three process variables (salt, alkali and temperature) on the two responses (exhaustion and fixation percentage) and for the evaluation of the interactive effects of the three process variables. The results show that the applied quadratic model was highly significant and fit to the experimental data for both the UV absorbers (1a and 2a). The values of optimized parameters for CCRD, in cotton finishing with newly synthesized UV absorbers (1a and 2a) were respectively as follows; temperature of 61.91 oC, dose of salt 34.28 g/l and dose of alkali 19.82 g/l. Under these conditions, 77.56 (±3) and 76.08 (±3) exhaustion and 81.12 (±3) and 79.23 (±3) fixation percentage obtained for UV absorbers 1a and 2a respectively. The ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of treated cotton fabric under optimized conditions appeared in very good range. The results reveal that the applied statistical design economically and effectively predicts the optimized conditions of finishing of cotton by keeping the number of experiments low than the one factor at a time method, that ultimately reduce water pollution and wastage of resources.

An Improved Gain Vector to Enhance Convergence Characteristics of Recursive Least Squares Algorithm

Anum Ali,Anis-ur-Rehman,Rana Liaqat Ali 보안공학연구지원센터 2011 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.4 No.2

A dimensionality reduction-based efficient software fault prediction using Fisher linear discriminant analysis (FLDA)

Kalsoom, Anum,Maqsood, Muazzam,Ghazanfar, Mustansar Ali,Aadil, Farhan,Rho, Seungmin Springer-Verlag 2018 The Journal of supercomputing Vol.74 No.9

The effect of pH on the morphological transformation of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite during wet chemical synthesis

Awan Anum Ayub,Liaqat Usman,Hussain Zakir 한국세라믹학회 2023 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.60 No.6

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a prominent bioceramic, notably used in the biomedical field. Fundamental properties of the biomaterials are size and shape dependent. High purity, morphology, and size are the main properties to be addressed for clinical application. Therefore, this work reports the effect of pH and annealing temperature on HAP's shape, crystallite, and particle size. Morphologically different hydroxyapatite nanostructures are synthesised by wet chemical precipitation. Furthermore, the pH of the solution varied from 6 to 11, and the calcination temperature was changed from 300 °C to 900 °C. Various morphologies of hydroxyapatite nanopowders, such as spherical, distorted boxes, aggregated rods, flakes, and beaded rods-like clusters, have been achieved. Moreover, small crystallite and particle sizes of HAP were observed in an alkaline medium. The spherical-shaped hydroxyapatite with particle size between 21.54 nm to 78.89 nm was obtained at pH 11. In contrast, beaded rods, nanorods, nanoflakes and distorted boxes-like morphology with an average particle size between 28.28 nm and 202.43 nm were successfully synthesised in neutral to moderately basic pH. Moreover, the crystallite size between 8.4 to 77.7 nm was achieved by changing the pH and annealing temperature. The synthesised products were analysed by XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and SEM to determine the crystallinity, purity, chemical composition, vibrational modes, morphology, and particle size.

Agile Risk Mitigation Framework

Naz, Anum,Khan, Ahmad Salman,Atif, Muhammad International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.spc12

Software organisations follow different methodologies for the development of software. The software development methodologies are mainly divided into two categories, including plan-driven and agile development. To attain project success, it is very significant to consider risk management during whole project. Agile development is considered risk-driven, but many risks are unreported at the industrial level. The risks can be divided into three categories, including (i) development risks, (ii) organisations risks, and (iii) people-oriented risks. This paper deals with Development risks specifically. Several risks related to development are faced by people working in the industry while dealing with agile development. Their management among the industry is a big issue, so this paper emphasises ARMF based on development-related risks by following agile development. This research work will help software organisations to prevent different project-related risks during agile development. The risks are elicited at two-level, (i) literature-based and (ii) IT industry based. A systematic literature review was performed for eliciting the agile risks from the literature. Detailed case studies and survey research methods were applied for eliciting risks from IT industry. Finally, we merged the agile development risks from literature with standard industrial risks. Hence, we established an agile risk mitigation framework ARMF based on agile development and present a groundwork established in light of empirical examination for extending it in future research.

Agile Risk Mitigation Framework

Naz, Anum,Khan, Ahmad Salman,Atif, Muhammad International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.12

Software organisations follow different methodologies for the development of software. The software development methodologies are mainly divided into two categories, including plan-driven and agile development. To attain project success, it is very significant to consider risk management during whole project. Agile development is considered risk-driven, but many risks are unreported at the industrial level. The risks can be divided into three categories, including (i) development risks, (ii) organisations risks, and (iii) people-oriented risks. This paper deals with Development risks specifically. Several risks related to development are faced by people working in the industry while dealing with agile development. Their management among the industry is a big issue, so this paper emphasises ARMF based on development-related risks by following agile development. This research work will help software organisations to prevent different project-related risks during agile development. The risks are elicited at two-level, (i) literature-based and (ii) IT industry based. A systematic literature review was performed for eliciting the agile risks from the literature. Detailed case studies and survey research methods were applied for eliciting risks from IT industry. Finally, we merged the agile development risks from literature with standard industrial risks. Hence, we established an agile risk mitigation framework ARMF based on agile development and present a groundwork established in light of empirical examination for extending it in future research.

Unveiling the Power of Deep Learning: A Comparative Study of LSTM, BERT, and GRU for Disaster Tweet Classification

Ihsan Ullah,Anum Jamil,Imtiaz Ul Hassan,Byung-Seo Kim 대한전자공학회 2023 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.12 No.6

Disasters have serious effects on peoples lives and buildings. Therefore, social media platforms, such as Twitter, have become more critical. They are crucial tools for responding to and managing disasters effectively. This study examined the effectiveness of various deep learning models, such as bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT), gated recurrent units (GRU), and long short-term memory (LSTM) for classifying disaster-related tweets. Twitter data related to different disasters were collected using hashtags. The data were then cleaned, preprocessed, and manually annotated by a team. The annotated data were divided into training, validation, and testing sets. The data were used to train three models based on BERT, GRU, and LSTM for the categorical classification of disaster tweets. Finally, the three models were evaluated and compared using the test data. BERT achieved an accuracy of 96.2%, making it the most effective model. In contrast, the LSTM and GRU models achieved an accuracy of 93.2% and 88.4%, respectively. These findings underscore the potential effectiveness of deep learning models in classifying disaster-related tweets, offering insights that could enhance disaster management strategies, refine social media monitoring processes, bolster public safety, and provide directions for future research.

The expression of cyanobacterial glycolate–decarboxylation pathway genes improves biomass accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Misbah Bilal,Anum Zeb Abbasi,Ghazal Khurshid,Charilaos Yiotis,Jamshaid Hussain,Mohammad Maroof Shah,Tatheer Naqvi,권석윤,박연일,Bruce Osborne,Raza Ahmad 한국식물생명공학회 2019 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.13 No.4

Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing cyanobacterial decarboxylation genes GLCD1 (GLYCOLATE DEHYDROGENASE I), HDH (HYDROXYACID DEHYDROGENASE), ODC (OXALATE DECARBOXYLASE) alone, and HDH::ODC simultaneously were successfully developed. Plants independently expressing GLCD1, HDH, ODC, and HDH::ODC were referred to as GD, HD, OX, and HX plants, respectively. The single-copy homozygous GD, HD, OX, and HX plants exhibited appreciable expression of chimeric genes. Phenotypic characterization demonstrated that rosette diameter of GD, HD, OX, and HX was 20, 22, 17, and 16% higher than wild-type (WT) plants. Total numbers of leaves were 32, 35, 37, and 34% more than WT plants after 32 days of sowing. Similarly, all transgenic plants produced more cauline branches than WT plants. All transgenic plants gained more height as compared to WT when recorded after 42 days of growth except HX transgenic plants. Plants vegetative dry biomass was 43% (GD), 35% (HD), 42% (OX), and 36% (HX) higher than WT plants. This is the first report on characterization of cyanobacterial decarboxylation pathway genes, which will pave the way for transformation of complete pathway in plants for better biomass accumulation.

Regulation of Wound Healing and Fibrosis by Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1

Robin J. Ruthenborg,반재준,Anum Wazir,Norihiko Takeda,Jung-whan Kim 한국분자세포생물학회 2014 Molecules and cells Vol.37 No.9

Wound healing is a complex multi-step process that requires spatial and temporal orchestration of cellular and non-cellular components. Hypoxia is one of the prominent microenvironmental factors in tissue injury and wound healing. Hypoxic responses, mainly mediated by a master transcription factor of oxygen homeostasis, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), have been shown to be critically involved in virtually all processes of wound healing and remodeling. Yet, mechanisms underlying hypoxic regulation of wound healing are still poorly understood. Better understanding of how the wound healing process is regulated by the hypoxic microen¬vironment and HIF-1 signaling pathway will provide insight into the development of a novel therapeutic strategy for impaired wound healing conditions such as diabetic wound and fibrosis. In this review, we will discuss recent studies illuminating the roles of HIF-1 in physiologic and pathologic wound repair and further, the therapeutic potentials of HIF-1 stabilization or inhibition.

Reasons for Patient's Delay in Diagnosis of Breast Carcinoma in Pakistan

Memon, Zahid Ali,Shaikh, Anum Nizamuddin,Rizwan, Sundus,Sardar, Maimoona Batool Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.12

Background: Delay in diagnosis of breast cancer is associated with a poorer survival and a pivotal contribution to this delayed diagnosis comes from patient delay in presenting at a clinic. Reasons involved must be evaluated in order to decrease this reducible delay. Objectives: i) To evaluate the reasons for patient delay in diagnosis of breast cancer; ii) to investigate any association with other variables. Materials and Methods: A 6 month cross sectional study (from July 2012 to Dec 2012), was carried out in Surgical and Oncology Units of Civil Hospital, Karachi. A total of 100 females diagnosed with breast cancer of any histological type were interviewed after informed consent and relevant data were collected. Due ethical clearance was obtained. Results: Mean age was $47.5{\pm}12.1$ years with a range from 25-77 years. Mean duration of delay was $5.13{\pm}4.8$ months, from shortest 1 month to longest 36 months. Duration of delay was observed to be no delay (<1 month) in 28%, short delay (1-3 months) in 30% and long delay (>3 months) in 42% of patients. Considering the symptoms as "harmless" (39%) was the most frequent reason of delay followed by "temporary" (20%) and the "use of traditional methods" (12%). Most common reason for later approaches was an increase in the size of the lump (41%). Statistically significant association (p-value <0.05) of longer patient delay was obtained with being single, being illiterate, painless breast lump as the first symptom, negative family history of breast cancer and vague attribution of the symptoms. Conclusions: Significant delay in approach to health care facility was observed in our study due to variable reasons given by women. Sufficient awareness regarding breast cancer, its symptoms and favorable effects of a timely diagnosis on prognosis must be imparted to our general population.