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Friction Stir Lap Welding of AZ31B and AA6061 Alloys Using Tin as an Inter-Layer
Anil Bandi,Srinivasa R. Bakshi 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.7
The formation of Mg17Al12and Al3Mg2is inevitable even in solid-state joining of Al and Mg alloys by friction stir welding(FSW). In the present study, the effect of a thin inter-layer of Sn (tin) and FSW parameters (pin length and tool rotationspeed) on the microstructure and strength of friction stir lap welds of 3 mm thick AA6061 Al alloy and AZ31B Mg alloysheets was investigated. A ~ 20 μm thick Sn layer was deposited on AZ31B alloy by displacement plating. The heat generatedduring the welding melted the Sn layer and the rotation action of the tool pushed the molten Sn to the hooks on the advancingside and retreating side. The extent of Mg17Al12and Al3Mg2intermetallic compound formation was reduced with Sninter-layer with limited formation of Mg2Sn. The Sn inter-layer helped improve the lap shear strength at lower tool rotationalspeed (600 RPM) and pin lengths of 3.25 and 3.75 mm compared to joints without Sn inter-layer. Lap welds prepared witha 3.25 mm pin at 600 RPM had a lap shear strength of 245 N/mm which is the highest value reported so far and is 116%higher compared to joints without Sn inter-layer. This was due to elimination of hook at the advancing side and retreatingside and disintegration of intermetallic compounds.
ANION INDUCED BLUE TO PURPLE TRANSITION IN BACTERIORHODOPSIN
Singh, Anil K.,Kapil, Mrunalini M. Korean Society of Photoscience 1996 Journal of Photosciences Vol.3 No.2
Anil K. Singh, Mrunalini M. Kapil, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay - 400076, INDIA Purple membrane (PM, $\lambda$$_{max}$ 570 nm) of H. halobium on treatment with sulphuric acid changes its colour to blue ($\lambda$$_{max}$ 608 nm). The purple chromophore can be regenerated from the blue chromophore by exogeneous addition of anions such as CI$^-$ and HPO$_4^{2-}$. Chloride ion is found to be more effective than the dibasic phosphate ion in regenerating the purple chromophore. Nevertheless, one thing common to the anion regeneration is that both CI$^-$ and HPO$_4^{2-}$ show marked pH effect. At pH 1.0 the efficiency of regeneration of the purple chromophore is greater than at pH 2.0, for the same anion concentration. Fluorescence and circular dichroic studies indicate that the proteins do not undergo drastic changes at the secondary' or tertiary structure level and the native structure is preserved during this transition. However, chromophoric-site interactions between retinal and the apoprotein are affected during this colour transition. A molecular mechanism is advanced for this transition.
Pundir, Anil,Kumar, Anil Techno-Press 2014 Advances in energy research Vol.2 No.2
Small Hydro-Power (SHP) is an environmental friendly technology. Usually hydro power generation projects are viewed as constructing large dams and reservoirs but available new research and engineering techniques have helped hydro power generation without large dams and without large reservoirs. In India, there are several water installations, irrigation dams, canals, streams or running rivers not tapped to generate power. In these cases the existing system and facilities can help in generating power with less investment and time. This area is yet unexplored. Harnessing a stream for hydroelectric power is a major undertaking for the energy crises and the global issues to go green. In this technical note a potential site for mini hydro power plant nearby Shoolini University is identified and examined for the economic feasibility.
Endovascular interventions for central vein stenosis
( Anil K. Agarwal ) 대한신장학회 2015 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.34 No.4
Central vein stenosis is common because of the placement of venous access and cardiac intravascular devices and compromises vascular access for dialysis. Endovascular intervention with angioplasty and/or stent placement is the preferred approach, but the results are suboptimal and limited. Primary patency after angioplasty alone is poor, but secondary patency can be maintained with repeated angioplasty. Stent placement is recommended for quick recurrence or elastic recoil of stenosis. Primary patency of stents is also poor, though covered stents have recently shown better patency than bare metal stents. Secondary patency requires repeated intervention. Recanalization of occluded central veins is tedious and not always successful. Placement of hybrid graft-catheter with a combined endovascular surgical approach can maintain patency in many cases. In the presence of debilitating symptoms, palliative approach with endovascular banding or occlusion of the access may be necessary. Prevention of central vein stenosis is the most desirable strategy.