A cadaveric study of ovarian veins: variations, measurements and clinical significance

Anasuya Ghosh,Subhramoy Chaudhury 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.4

The literature showing information regarding ovarian venous variation, its diameter and termination distance from respective renal venous origin are limited. This information is important in various surgical and clinical procedures including venous embolization, vascular reconstruction during renal transplantation and localizing the source of origin of a pelvic mass. We examined 94 sides of 47 formalin fixed female cadavers and noted the course and termination of ovarian veins. We measured the diameter of ovarian veins at their termination point and the termination distance in respect to the termination point of renal veins at inferior vena cava (IVC) on respective sides. We found two cases of variations related to right ovarian vein -one, right ovarian vein joined the right renal vein; two, right ovarian vein duplicated and joined with IVC at two different points. We found one case of variation related to left ovarian vein—a partially duplicated left ovarian vein. All the variations were unilateral. The mean diameters of right and left ovarian veins were 3.66±1.18 and 4.20±0.96 mm, respectively. The distance of termination of ovarian veins ranged from 19–40 mm and 13–41 mm, respectively from termination points of right and left renal veins at IVC on respective sides. Our study presents a set of data regarding variation of ovarian veins, diameters and termination distances which could be useful for gynecologists, surgeons and radiologists.

Morphology of saphenous nerve in cadavers: a guide to saphenous block and surgical interventions

Anasuya Ghosh,Subhramoy Chaudhury 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.3

The knowledge about detailed morphology and relation of saphenous nerve is important to obtain successful saphenous nerve regional blocks to achieve pre- and post-operative anesthesia and analgesia, nerve entrapment treatments and to avoid damage of saphenous nerve during knee and ankle surgeries. The literature describing detailed morphology of saphenous nerve is very limited. We dissected 42 formalin fixed well embalmed cadaveric lower limbs to explore detailed anatomy, relation and mode of termination of saphenous nerve and measured the distances from the nearby palpable bony landmarks. The average distance of origin of saphenous nerve from inguinal crease was 7.89±1.42 cm, the distance from upper end of medial border of patella to saphenous nerve at that level was 8.11±0.85 cm, distance from tibial tuberosity was 7.53±0.98 cm and from midpoint of anterior border of medial malleolus was 0.45±0.14 cm. Saphenous nerve provided two infrapatellar branches at the level of mid to lower limit of patellar ligament in 90% cases. It was in close contact or adhered to great saphenous vein across the lower 2/3rd of leg lying either anterior, posterior or deep to the vein. The saphenous nerve terminated by bifurcating proximal to medial malleolus in majority of cases though no obvious bifurcation was observed in 9.52% cases. The detailed morphology, relations and the distances from palpable bony landmarks may be helpful for clinicians to achieve successful saphenous nerve block and to avoid saphenous nerve damage and related complications during orthopedic procedures.

E-commerce Readiness, Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs), and Economic Growth: An Empirical Investigation

Anasuya Barik,Sidheswar Panda 아시아기술혁신학회 2023 Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy Vol.12 No.2

With the advent of COVID-19, the world economy has undergone enormous losses and unprecedented crises. Moreover, this pandemic has put a significant effect on all business organizations, comprising the micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) sector. MSMEs have been continuing to develop business strategies and are eager to compete in the market. The COVID-19 pandemic has shifted the full focus of MSMEs from ‘business growth’ to ‘business survival’ worldwide. E-commerce readiness plays a crucial role in a time of uncertainty and crisis during COVID-19 and affects the durability and sustainability of the business. This study attempts to study the readiness of online business and e-commerce adoption of MSMEs and its contribution to economic growth by utilizing both qualitative and quantitative techniques in the case of India. We use content analysis to determine the readiness of online business and E-commerce in the post COVID-19 period. The result highlights the specific issues of this sector such as the shortage of resources and disruptions in the supply chain & logistical issues during the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative analysis discloses that almost half of the respondents adopt online platforms along with additional challenges to sustain their business during the pandemic. This study utilizes annual time series data for the period from 1973-74 to 2017-18 to understand the long-run relationship between India’s GDP and MSMEs units. By utilizing the co-integration technique, this study reveals that there is a long-run relationship between MSME units and the economic growth of this country.

pH Responsive Fibers Based on Acrylonitrile Copolymers: Effect of Bulky Side Group on Response and Mechanical Properties

Sahoo, Anasuya,Jassal, Manjeet,Agarwal, Ashwini K. The Korean Fiber Society 2007 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.44 No.3

pH responsive fibers were fabricated from a set of architecturally designed copolymers of acrylonitrile and acrylic acid derivatives. The copolymers, which were prepared in a block type structure using method of regulated dozing, were found to impart a domain morphology to the spun fibers [1,2]. This morphology, having separate domains of acrylonotrile and acrylic acid, was found to significantly enhance both the diffusion of water through the fiber for faster response and physical bonding of chains for better mechanical properties compared to fibers prepared from random copolymers. In this study, the responsive domains of acrylic acid were modified by replacing acrylic acid (AA) with methacrylic acid (MA) in the above copolymer system. The effect of bulky side group ($-CH_{3}$) on pH response and mechanical properties of the pH responsive fibers were investigated. Thus, pH sensitive block copolymers, poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid:58:42) (AA40B) and poly(acrylonitrile-co-methacrylic acid:57:43) (MA30B), were synthesized using regulated dosing of more reactive monomer-acrylic acid/methacrylic acid monomers by free radical polymerization. The copolymers were converted to fibers by solution spinning and annealed at $120^{\circ}C$ to get a stable morphology. The annealed fibers exhibited reversible response to changing pH and were stable to repeated cycling. Expectedly, the fibers from MA30B showed significantly higher volumetric swelling at 5010% compared to 3610% in AA40B. The results implied that the presence of bulky $-CH_{3}$ group in methacrylic acid, could open up the responsive domains of the fibers. However, the bulky group also affected the bonding in the acrylonitrile domains indicated by somewhat lower mechanical properties of the fibers.

Effect of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase enzyme in biodegradation of diesel oil

Sivaraman, C.,Ganguly, Anasuya,Mutnuri, Srikanth Techno-Press 2012 Advances in environmental research Vol.1 No.2

Microbial degradation of hydrocarbons is found to be an attractive process for remediation of contaminated habitats. However the poor bioavailability of hydrocarbons results in low biodegradation rates. Cyclodextrins are known to increase the bioavailability of variety of hydrophobic compounds. In the present work we purified the Cyclodextrin Glucanotransferase (CGTase) enzyme which is responsible for converting starch into cyclodextrins and studied its role on biodegradation of diesel oil contaminated soil. Purification of CGTase from Enterobacter cloacae was done which resulted in 6 fold increase in enzyme activity. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 7, temperature $60^{\circ}C$ with a molecular weight of 66 kDa. Addition of purified CGTase to the treatment setup with Pseudomonas mendocina showed enhanced biodegradation of diesel oil ($57{\pm}1.37%$) which was similar to the treatment setup when added with Pseudomonas mendocina and Enterobacter cloacae ($52.7{\pm}6.51%$). The residual diesel oil found in treatment setup added with Pseudomonas mendocina at end of the study was found to be $73{\pm}0.21%$. Immobilization of Pseudomonas mendocina on alginate containing starch also led to enhanced biodegradation of hydrocarbons in diesel oil at 336 hours.

Deciphering Key Genes of Proliferative and Secretory Phase Using Integrated Transcriptomics and Network Analysis

Gupta Payal,Dube Shriya,Priyadarshini Payal,Singh Shanvi,R Anasuya Pravallika,Srivastava Vijay Lakshmi,Sengupta Abhishek,Narad Priyanka 한국미생물·생명공학회 2023 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.51 No.3

Endometrium receptivity is a complex mechanism of intricate pathways that lead to the shift from the proliferative to the secretory phase. Our goal was to identify high-ranking differentially expressed genes and study the pathways associated with the phenomenon. Raw data were retrieved from six GEO datasets and 705 DEGs were identified through robust ranking aggregation after the integration of five datasets. 20 key genes were identified that were further re-validated in an additional dataset. Supporting evidence through the experimental references confirms them as major biomarkers of the shift from the proliferative to the secretory phase.