코로나19의 발생이 중국관광산업에 미치는 영향 및 대응책

an dong,LiuXiaogang 한국관광산업학회 2020 Tourism Research Vol.45 No.2

China's tourism industry in 2019 accounts for 11.04% of China's GDP. Thus, it is easily seen that the sustained growth of the tourism industry is essential to China's economic growth. Tourism is sensitive, so it is easily affected by crises. Particularly in this year, the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 has enormously affected of all major economic sectors and had a serious negative impact on the ever fast-growing China's tourism industry, which has brought China's economy to a standstill. The present paper analyzes how COVID-19 affects China's tourism industry and summarizes the impact mechanism by the inability of the supply of optical services, the mobility of tourism, the economic recession, and psychological factors. In the crisis management system, the tourism industry urgently needs the government's support policy (such as financial support, tax reduction, financial support, job maintenance, etc.), the association's countermeasures, and corporate countermeasures (industrial solubility, internal crisis management, etc.) in order to reduce damage and to expedite recovery. There still leaves a lot to do for retribution. Firstly, a faster early warning system is needed to respond to infectious diseases. Secondly, a support policy is needed for loans to small and medium-sized enterprises. Thirdly, maintaining a job is important, but it is worth paying attention to the unemployed. Fourthly, the competitiveness of government-funded companies should be increased rather than merely waiting for financial support. Fifthly, the government should release a policy to issue consumption coupons at the central government level for balanced development, showing the development of regional imbalances through the issuance of consumption coupons by local governments. Lastly, it is worth looking forward to the fusion of tourism and cultural industries, tourism and the Internet in order to increase the added value of tourism industry. 2019년 중국 관광산업의 총규모는 중국 GDP의 11.04%를 차지하고 있어 관광분야의 지속적인 성장은 중국 경제 성장에 종요한 것으로 밝힌다. 관광산업은 예민성을 가지고 있기 때문에 쉽게 위기에 의해 영향을 미친다. 특히 올해 코로나19의 발생 때문에 고성장을 하고 있었던 중국 관광산업에 심각한 영향을 미친 것이 사실이며 전 세계적으로 코로나19가 확산하면서 중국은 정체 상태에 빠지고 관광은 모든 주요 경제 부문에 막대한 영향을 미쳤다. 코로나19는 중국 관광산업에 어떻게 영향 주는 것을 분석하여 영향 메커니즘에 대해 광서비스의 공급불능, 관광의 이동성, 경제의 불경기, 심리적인 요인으로 정리하였다. 위기관리 체계에서 관광산업은 피해의 감소와 신속한 회복을 도모하기 위해 정부의 지원정책(금융지원, 세금감면, 재정지원, 취업유지 등), 협회의 대응책, 기업의 대응책(산업용합, 내부 위기관리 등)을 제시하였다. 대응책에 대해 보환할 여지가 있다. 첫째, 전염병 대응에 더 신속한 조기경보 체계가 필요하다. 둘째, 중소기업의 융자에 대해 지원정책이 필요하다. 셋째, 취업의 유지도 중요하지만 실업자에게 주목할 필요가 있다. 넷째, 재정지원보다 관관기업의 경쟁력을 높여야 된다. 다섯째, 지방 정부의 소비쿠폰 발급을 통해 지역별 불균형의 발전을 보이며 균형적 발전을 위해 중앙정부 차원에 소비쿠폰 발급 정책이 필요하다. 여섯째, 관광산업의 부가가치 증대하기 위해서는 관광산업과 문화산업의 용합, 관광산업과 인터넷의 용합을 기대할 만하다.

Pseudorabies Virus의 Major Capsid Protein 유전자의 클론닝과 Baculovirus Vector System에 의한 발현

안동준,전무형,송재영,박종현,현방훈,장경수,안수환 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 1997 생물공학연구지 Vol.5 No.-

Pseudorabies is caused by Pseudorabies virus (PRV: Aujeszky's disease virus) of Herpesviridae that is characterized by 100 to 150nm in size with a linear double-stranded DNA molecule with of approximately 90 × 10 exp (6)Da. This disease affects most of domestic animals such as swine, cattle, dog, sheep, cat, chicken, etc. causing high mortality and economic losses. In swine, young piglets show high mortality and pregnant sows, reproductive failures. However the adult swine reveals no clinical signs in general. But they become a carrier state and play an importnat role for propagation of the disease. In this study, the nucleotide sequence of major casid protein gene of PRV, Yangsan strain isolated from the diseased swine in Korea was analyzed, and the recombinant MCP was produced by expression of the MCP gene in Sf-9 cell using baculovirus transfer vector system. As result, in BamHI digestion, MCP gene locus of PRV YS strain showed different from that of Indiana S strain. The patterns of enzyme mapping were also found to be unidentical each other. The sequence of the MCP gene partially analyzed showed 98.09% identity to Indiana S strain. The expression of MCP in Sf-9 cell cotransfected by pVLMCP-44 baculovirus expression vector was characterized by Southern blot hybridization, immunofluoresent and immunocytochemical tests, SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The rMCP with M.W. 142kDa was most effectively expressed in Sf-9 cells at the 3-4th days post inoculation of the recombinant baculovirus by 2 moi.

Two New Species of Placolecis (Lichenized Ascomycota) from China

( An Cheng Yin ),( Xin Yu Wang ),( Dong Liu ),( Yan Yun Zhang ),( Mei Xia Yang ),( Li Juan Li ),( Li Song Wang ) 한국균학회 2019 Mycobiology Vol.47 No.4

Two new species of the lichen genus Placolecis are discovered in China, namely P. kunmingensis An. C. Yin & Li S. Wang and P. sublaevis An. C. Yin & Li S. Wang. The new combination P. loekoesiana (S.Y. Kondr., Farkas, J.J. Woo & Hur) An. C. Yin is proposed. Placolecis kunmingensis is characterized by having simple, spherical or ellipsoid, hyaline spores, and pear-shaped pycnidia; while P. sublaevis can be distinguished by its thallus forming larger aggregations with slightly flattened lobes at the thallus margin, and urn-shaped pycnidia. Descriptions, a phylogenetic tree and a key are provided for all the known Placolecis species in China.

高速液體 크로마토 그라피에 衣한 大豆油中의 脂肪酸의 分析

安文圭,金喜淑,李東宣 경성대학교 1984 부산수산대학 논문집 Vol.5 No.2

In recent years High performance Liquide Chromatography has been used for the separation of long chain fatty acids. This study establishes a procedure for the quantitation of the major fatty acids found in soybean oil. The acids studied,C-16,C-18,C-18:1,C-18:2,C-18:3,C-20 and C-22. The samples is saponified and an aliquat is treated directly to form the p-bromophenacyl esters of the fatty acids,which are separated by a 10㎛ Octadecyl silane bonded reverse phase column, a gradient elution with acetonitrile and water mixture solvent and an ultraviolet detector. The saponification product did not need to be isolated. The quantitative results using HPLC compared well with results obtained by the gas chromatographic method.

FMS의 기계이용율 극대화를 위한 Part 및 Routing Mix 알고리즘

안동규,이상동 건국대학교 1995 대학원 학술논문집 Vol.40 No.-

Recently, a conorn of the optimal parformance evaluation of newly installed FMS machine has been raised in many companys. A variety of techniques for system performance evaluation has been introduced. A solution algorithm proposed in this paper is to maximize machine utilization using an iterative procedure of an LIP model and a queueing simulation, and consequently to determine part type and quantity which produce in the FMS.

알부민이 첨가된 시험관내 약역학 감염모델을 이용한 폐렴알균 치료에서 Ceftriaxone 일일 1회 요법

허지안,전혜선,박선희,최수미,김시현,이동건,최정현,유진홍,신완식 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6

배경 : Penicillin 내성 폐렴알균이 증가하는 지역에서 대안 중의 하나로 사용되는 ceftriaxone (CTR)의 적절한 용법, 용량을 파악하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구는 임상에서 분리된 폐렴알균을 대상으로 시험관내 약역학 감염모델을 이용하여 알부민이 첨가된 경우와 첨가되지 않은 경우 CTR의 일일 1회 요법의 효과를 비교해 보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : Penicillin 감수성(SM24), 중간내성(SM47), 내성(SM60)주를 대상으로 2-구획 시험관내 약역학 감염모델을 적용하였다. CTR 주입은 2 g씩 24시간마다로 사람의 약동학을 모의하였다. 알부민은 모델에서 4g/ dL가 유지되도록 하였다. 살균효과는 0, 2, 4, 6, 24, 30, 48시간째 집락수 변화로 측정하였다. 결과 : 모든 균주에서 알부민이 첨가되지 않은 경우 6시간 이내에 살균력이 관찰되었다. 최저억제농도 및 알부민 첨가유무에 관계없이 3주 모두 24시간째 살균력이 관찰되었고, 48시간째는 모두 측정한계 이하의 집락수로 감소하였다. 전 실험과정에서 CTR에 대한 내성주는 출현하지 않았다. 결론 : CTR의 일일 1회 요법은 알부민이 첨가되었을 때, 감수성, 중간내성, 내성주 모두에서 살균력 발현이 지연되었으나 최종효과는 알부민이 없을 때와 다르지 않았다. 앞으로 알부민 결합효과와 관련된 기초적인 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Background : During the era of increasing penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, it is important to have knowledge about adequate dosage and dosing interval of ceftriaxone (CTR). We examined efficacies of once-daily CTR and compared results in an in vitro pharmacodynamic infection model (IVPDIM) supplemented with albumin and those without albumin. Methods : Using three clinically isolated S. pneumoniae that were susceptible (SM24), intermediate (SM47) and resistant (SM60) against CTR, we utilized a two-compartment IVPDIM. CTR 2 g was administered intravenously every 24 h. Human albumin was added with concentration of 4 g/dL. Samples were removed at multiple time points over a 48-h period to determine the colony counts. Results : In SM24 and SM60, bactericidal effects were observed within 6 hours in groups without albumin. The number of colonies during 1st 6 hours were more decreased in albumin-free groups than in albumin-supplemented groups (P<0.05). In SM47, similar results were found during 1st 6 hours (P=0.03). But, regrowth was observed in albumin supplemented group at 30 h. Irrespective of results of minimal inhibitory concentrations and albumin supplementation, bactericidal effects were shown at 24 h in all 3 strains. All groups were decreased below the detection limit at 48 h. Development of resistance was not detected throughout the entire study period in either strain. Conclusions : Although extents of killing in albumin supplemented broth of once-daily CTR dosing were delayed in all 3 strains compared with those of albumin free broth, final efficacies were not different between the two groups.

사용자 중심의 품질정보시스템 설계

고왕경,안동근 안양대학교 자연과학연구소 1997 自然科學硏究 Vol.4 No.-

This paper is concerned with development of a user oriented quality information system. A quality information system should be designed and developed to achieve the goal of quality system, i.e., quality information system should be designed to make or help the quality system or quality engineer to do the right things to reduce or prevent defective products. To make the right things done is the effectiveness of the quality information system. To design the quality information system as an effective one, various user requirements should be collected and analyzed systematically. In analyzing such requirements, it is important to identify what data and information users want to know and in what type such information is to be displayed. In this paper, a systematic procedure is developed to design an effective system that can display the right information according to users needs. A user-oriented quality information system which adopt this procedure in design stage can provide a menu driven system oriented to users. So, each user has different needs can use quality information system easily. And as users can acquire proper information, the effectiveness of using information system will increase.

Pearlite성장속도에 미치는 합금원소 첨가효과의 속도론적 고찰

南勝義,安東勳 弘益大學校 1982 弘大論叢 Vol.14 No.2

The addition of an alloying element results in remarkable reduction of the rate of pearlite growth. In this paper, the effects of alloying elements on the kinetics of pearlite growth are investigated for Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, Mo. The mechanism for the effect of alloying elements is studied with a data or growth velocity and interlamellar spacing. The most important results in this paper are as follows. Strong carbide forming elements change the boundary (interfacial) diffusion for volume diffusion of carbon in the range of low temperature(below the Tp temperature) because the carbides prevent a cargbon from diffusing by interfacial route. In the systems that involve the elements which are not strong carbide formers, it is thought that the reactions are proceeded by a interfacial diffusion model with an activation energy of about 24,000 cal/mol.

초등학교 체육전담교사제와 학급담임제에 따른 학생체력 비교

이정흔,김동준,안정훈 忠南大學校體育科學硏究所 1998 體育科學硏究誌 Vol.16 No.1

This research has been done to compare how much difference there is between their physical strength, after a physical educator has instructed 100 students (50 boys and 50 girls) ans a homeroom teacher has instructed another 100 students (50 boys and 50girls) for 9 months, who are the fifth grade students of an elementary school located in the city of Yong in The research result is as follows: 1) In case of the 100m race, the boy students instrected by a physical educator were superior to the students instructed by a gomeroom teacher by 1,44 seconds, and the girl students. by 1.81 seconds. 2) In case of the standing-long-jump, the boy students instructed by a physical educator were superior to the students in instructed by a homeroom teacher by 19.1 centimeters. and the girl students, by 11.8 centimeters 3) In case of the 600m race, the boy students instructed by a physical educator were superior to the students instructed by a homeroom teacher by 0.68 second. and the girl students, by 0.73 second. 4) In case of the ball throwing, the boy students instructed by a physical educator were superior to the students instructed by a homeroom teacher by 2.2 meters, and the girl students. by 4.1 meters. 5) In case of the boys pull up, the boy students instructed by a physical educator were superior to the students instructed by a homeroom teacher by 2.1 times, and in case of the girls' flexed arm hang, by 5.4seconds. 6) In case of the sit ups, the boy students instructed by a physical educator were superior to the students instructed by a homeroom teacher by 5.1 times, and the girl students. by 13.8 times. According to the above result, the students instructed by a physical educator were superior to the students by a homeroom teacher in all kinds of examination of physical strength. These superior records are because a physical edycator has instructed the students in the systematic and national based on a technical knowledge and given them a proper motivation. On the other hand the students by a homeroom teaher have neglected athletic classes because of main subjects and he has not given them a proper motivation because he doesn' t have enough technical knowledge. The physical educator system has not been activated because of the problems such as the unpreparedness of a physical educator training system. the ignorance of the persons concerned. the persistence of the homeroom teacher system. and the lack of an administrative support/but the elementary school physical educator system has to spread throughout the country and we have to help children improve their physical strength and achieve their balanced bodily structure by this system.

쇄골 간부 골절 불유합의 수술적 치료 : 재건 금속판 고정 및 골 이식술 Reconstruction Plate Fixation and Bone Grafting

변영수,유찬훈,안혁수,문성건,신동주,박준우 대한골절학회 2003 대한골절학회지 Vol.16 No.2

목 적: 쇄골 간부 골절 불유합에 대하여 관혈적 정복, 재건 금속판 고정 및 골 이식을 시행하고 술후 조기 관절 운동을 허용한 저자들의 경험을 보고하는 것이다. 대상 및 방법: 1997년 1월부터 2001년 12월까지 수술적 치료를 시행한 쇄골 간부 골절 불유합 16예를 대상으로 하였다. 위축성 불유합이 10예, 비후성 불유합이 6예였으며, 수상 후 불유합에 대한 수술까지의 기간은 평균 6.5개월이었다. 수술적 치료로 불유합 부위를 노출시켜 섬유조직을 제거하고 골수강을 천공하였으며, 골편을 정복하고 재건 금속판으로 고정하였으며, 자가 골 이식을 하였다. 수술 후 관절 운동은 1주일 이내에 시작하였다. 결 과: 평균 추시 기간은 22.0개월이었으며, 전 예에서 평균 10.0주에 골유합을 얻었다. 최종 추시 시의 견관절 운동범위는 전 예에서 정상으로 회복되었으며, 나이가 50게 이상인 6예 중 3예에서 동측 견관절에 간헐적인 동통을 호소하였다. 술후 감염, 재검 금속판의 파손, 고정상실, 불유합, 재골절 등의 합병증은 발생치 않았다. 결 론: 쇄골 간부 골절 불유합에 대한 관혈적 정복, 재건 금속판 고정 및 골 이식은 안정성 고정으로 조기 재활이 가능하고 견고한 골유합을 얻을 수 있어 안전하고 확실한 치료방법으로 사료된다. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present out experience with open reduction, 3.5-㎜ reconstruction plate fixation, bone-grafting, and postoperative early mobilization for nonunions of midshaft clavicular fratures. Materials and Methods: Sixteen patients were treated operatively for nonunions of the midshaft of the clavicle from 1997 to 2001. Ten nonunions were atrophic and six were hypertrophic. Nonunion had been present for an average of 6.5 months. The operative technique included removing the fibrous tissue from the nonunion site and opening the medullary canal, reduction of the fracture and fixation with a 3.5-㎜ reconstruction plate, and bone-grafting. Postoperative mobilization started within one week. Results: The average duration of follow-up was 22.0 months. All fracture were united in an average of 10.0 weeks. All patients had full range of motion of the ipsilateral shoulder, but 3 our of 6 patients who were more than 50 years old complained occasional pain in the ipsilateral shoulder at the final follow-up examination. There were no major complications of postoperative infection, metal failure of the plate, loss of fixation, nonunion, and refracture after removal of the implant. Conclusion: The technique of open reduction, reconstruction plate fixation, and bone-grafting is a safe and reliable method to allow early rehabilitation by stable fixation and to predict a high rate of union for nonunions of midshaft clavicular fractures.