FPGA Implementation of an Artificial Intelligence Signal Recognition System

( Amrita Rana ),( Kyung Ki Kim ) 한국센서학회 2022 센서학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Cardiac disease is the most common cause of death worldwide. Therefore, detection and classification of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals are crucial to extend life expectancy. In this study, we aimed to implement an artificial intelligence signal recognition system in field programmable gate array (FPGA), which can recognize patterns of bio-signals such as ECG in edge devices that require batteries. Despite the increment in classification accuracy, deep learning models require exorbitant computational resources and power, which makes the mapping of deep neural networks slow and implementation on wearable devices challenging. To overcome these limitations, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have been applied. SNNs are biologically inspired, event-driven neural networks that compute and transfer information using discrete spikes, which require fewer operations and less complex hardware resources. Thus, they are more energy-efficient compared to other artificial neural networks algorithms.

Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater a Grave Concern: Novel Clay-based Materials for Decontamination of Arsenic (V)

( Amrita Dwivedi ),( Diwakar Tiwari ),( Seung Mok Lee ) 한국공업화학회 2023 공업화학 Vol.34 No.2

Arsenic is a highly toxic element, and its contamination is widespread around the world. The natural materials with high selectivity and efficiency toward pollutants are important in wastewater treatment technology. In this study, the mesoporous synthetic hectorite was synthesized by facile hydrothermal crystallization of gels comprising silica, magnesium hydroxide, and lithium fluoride. Additionally, the naturally available clay was modified using zirconium at room temperature. Both synthetic and modified natural clays were employed in the removal of arsenate from aquatic environments. The materials were fully characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) analyses. The synthesized materials were used to remove arsenic (V) under varied physicochemical conditions. Both materials, i.e., Zr-bentonite and Zr-hectorite, showed high percentage removal of arsenic (V) at lower pH, and the efficiency decreased in an alkaline medium. The equilibrium-state sorption data agrees well with the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms, and the maximum sorption capacity is found to be 4.608 and 2.207 mg/g for Zr-bentonite and Zr-hectorite, respectively. The kinetic data fits well with the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Furthermore, the effect of the background electrolytes study indicated that arsenic (V) is specifically sorbed at the surface of these two nanocomposites. This study demonstrated that zirconium intercalated synthetic hectorite as well as zirconium modified natural clays are effective and efficient materials for the selective removal of arsenic (V) from aqueous medium.

A randomized, open labeled study comparing the serum levels of cobalamin after three doses of 500 mcg vs. a single dose methylcobalamin of 1500 mcg in patients with peripheral neuropathy

( Amrita Sil ),( Hrishikesh Kumar ),( Rahul Deb Mondal ),( Sidharth Sankar Anand ),( Anirban Ghosal ),( Ashis Datta ),( Sandesh V Sawant ),( Vaibhavi Kapatkar ),( Ganesh Kadhe ),( Sameer Rao ) 대한통증학회 2018 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.31 No.3

Background: Vitamin B12 deficiency has been associated with peripheral neuropathy, loss of sensation in the peripheral nerves, and weakness in the lower extremities. Methylcobalamin is the most effective analogue of vitamin B12 used to treat or prevent the complications associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. The current study aimed to compare the serum cobalamin levels after administration of two different regimes of methylcobalamin in peripheral neuropathy patients. Methods: The present study was a prospective, randomized, comparative study. The study consisted of two parallel groups, group A (methylcobalamin 500 μg injection intramuscularly three times a week) and group B (methylcobalamin 1500 μg injection intramuscularly once a week). A control group of healthy volunteers was also included. Results: A total of 24 patients (12 in each group) were included in the study. Five healthy volunteers were also included as a control in each group. At the end of treatment, serum cobalamin levels were significantly (P = 0.028) higher in group A (1892.08 ± 234.50) as compared with group B (1438.5 ± 460.32). The serum cobalamin levels in Group A healthy volunteers were also two times higher than that of group B (P = 0.056). Both the LANSS scale and DN4 questionnaire reported similar results at end of treatment. Conclusions: The 500 μg methylcobalamin thrice weekly regime is more effective in increasing the serum cobalamin levels as compared to the 1500 μg methylcobalamin once weekly regime. (Korean J Pain 2018; 31: 183-190)

Characterization of Bacillus anthracis proteases through protein-protein interaction: an in silico study of anthrax pathogenicity

Amrita Banerjee,Pradeep Kumar Das Mohapatra,Shilpee Pal,Keshab Chandra Mondal,Bikash Ranjan Pati,Arnab Sen,Tanmay Paul 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2014 TANG Vol.4 No.1

Anthrax is the deadly disease for human being caused by Bacillus anthracis. Instantaneous research work on the mode of infection of the organism revealed that different proteases are involved in different steps of pathogenesis. Present study reports the in silico characterization and the detection of pathogenic proteases involved in anthrax infection through protein-protein interaction. A total of 13 acid, 9 neutral, and 1 alkaline protease of Bacillus anthracis were selected for analysing the physicochemical parameter, the protein superfamily and family search, multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree construction, protein-protein interactions and motif finding. Among the 13 acid proteases, 10 were found as extracellular enzymes that interact with immune inhibitor A (InhA) and help the organism to cross the blood brain barrier during the process of infection. Multiple sequence alignment of above acid proteases revealed the position 368, 489, and 498-contained 100% conserved amino acids which could be used to deactivate the protease. Among the groups analyzed, only acid protease were found to interact with InhA, which indicated that metalloproteases of acid protease group have the capability to develop pathogenesis during B. anthracis infection. Deactivation of conserved amino acid position of germination protease can stop the sporulation and germination of B anthracis cell. The detailed interaction study of neutral and alkaline proteases could also be helpful to design the interaction network for the better understanding of anthrax disease.

Forced Identities

AMRITA CHHACHHI 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2005 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 학술대회자료집 Vol.2005 No.-

The Bridge

Amrita Pritam 한인문화연구원 1987 한인문화논총 Vol.5 No.-

Robust architecture search using network adaptation

( Amrita Rana ),( Kyung Ki Kim ) 한국센서학회 2021 센서학회지 Vol.30 No.5

Experts have designed popular and successful model architectures, which, however, were not the optimal option for different scenarios. Despite the remarkable performances achieved by deep neural networks, manually designed networks for classification tasks are the backbone of object detection. One major challenge is the ImageNet pre-training of the search space representation; moreover, the searched network incurs huge computational cost. Therefore, to overcome the obstacle of the pre-training process, we introduce a network adaptation technique using a pre-trained backbone model tested on ImageNet. The adaptation method can efficiently adapt the manually designed network on ImageNet to the new object-detection task. Neural architecture search (NAS) is adopted to adapt the architecture of the network. The adaptation is conducted on the MobileNetV2 network. The proposed NAS is tested using SSDLite detector. The results demonstrate increased performance compared to existing network architecture in terms of search cost, total number of adder arithmetics (Madds), and mean Average Precision(mAP). The total computational cost of the proposed NAS is much less than that of the State Of The Art (SOTA) NAS method.

Modulation of Tight Junctions does Not Predict Oral Absorption of Hydrophilic Compounds: Use of Caco-2 and Calu-3 Cells

Amrita V. Kamath,Richard A. Morrison,Neil R. Mathias,Sandra A. Dando,Anthony M. Marino,Saeho Chong 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.8

Permeability estimates using Caco-2 cells do not accurately predict the absorption of hydrophilic drugs that are primarily absorbed via the paracellular pathway. The objective of this study was to investigate whether modulation of tight junctions would help differentiation of paracellularly absorbed compounds. Tight junctions in Caco-2 cell monolayers were manipulated using calcium depletion approaches to decrease the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) of the monolayers, and permeability of hydrophilic compounds were measured under these conditions. Permeability of these compounds were also measured in Calu-3 cells, which have tighter junctions than Caco-2 cells. Calcium depletion loosened the tight junctions of Caco-2 cells to varying levels as measured by the decrease in TEER values of the monolayers. While the absolute permeability of all the model compounds increased as the tight junctions were loosened, the ratios of their permeability relative to mannitol permeability were similar. The permeability of these compounds in the tighter Calu-3 cells were also found to be similar to each other. Altering the tight junctions of Caco-2 cells to obtain leakier cell monolayers, or using a cell line with tighter junctions like Calu-3 cells, did not improve differentiation between well absorbed and poorly absorbed hydrophilic drugs. Mere manipulation of the tight junctions to increase or decrease transepithelial electrical resistance does not appear to be a viable approach to predict human absorption for hydrophilic compounds that are primarily absorbed via the paracellular pathway.

Cardiac Disease Detection Using Modified Pan―Tompkins Algorithm

( Amrita Rana ),( Kyung Ki Kim ) 한국센서학회 2019 센서학회지 Vol.28 No.1

The analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals facilitates the detection of various abnormal conditions of the human heart. The QRS complex is the most critical part of the ECG waveform. Further, different diseases can be identified based on the QRS complex. In this paper, a new algorithm based on the well-known Pan-Tompkins algorithm has been proposed. In the proposed scheme, the QRS complex is initially extracted by removing the background noise. Subsequently, the R-R interval and heart rate are calculated to detect whether the ECG is normal or has some abnormalities such as tachycardia and bradycardia. The accuracy of the proposed algorithm is found to be almost the same as the Pan-Tompkins algorithm and increases the R peak detection processing speed. For this work, samples are used from the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database, and the simulation is carried out using MATLAB 2016a.

Clinical Characteristics of Children Needing Inpatient Treatment after Failed Outpatient Treatment for Fecal Impaction

Amrita Sinha,Maroun Mhanna,Reema Gulati 대한소아소화기영양학회 2018 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.21 No.3

Purpose: Treatment of chronic constipation and fecal impaction is usually outpatient and requires high or frequent doses of laxatives. However, there are children who fail outpatient treatments, sometimes repeatedly, and are ulti-mately hospitalized. We sought to compare the characteristics of the children who failed outpatient treatment and needed inpatient treatment vs those who achieved success with outpatient treatment, in an effort to identify attributes that might be associated with a higher likelihood towards hospitalization.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed the medical records of all patients aged 0 to 21 years, with chronic functional constipation and fecal impaction seen in the pediatric gastroenterology clinic over a period of 2 years. Results: Total of 188 patients met inclusion criteria. While 69.2% were successfully treated outpatient (referred to as the outpatient group), 30.9% failed outpatient treatment and were hospitalized (referred to as the inpatient group). The characteristics of the inpatient group including age at onset of 3.6±3.6 years (p=0.02); black ethnicity (odds ratio [OR] 4.31, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.04-9.09); p<0.001); prematurity (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.09-5.26; p=0.02]; developmental delay (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.12-4.33; p=0.02); overflow incontinence (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.12-4.53, p=0.02); picky eating habits (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.00-4.08; p=0.04); number of ROME III criteria met: median 4, interquartile range 3-5 (p=0.04) and 13±13.7 constipation related prior encounters (p=0.001), were significantly different from the outpatient group. Conclusion: Identification of these characteristics may be helpful in anticipating challenges and potential barriers to effective outpatient treatment.