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Fadamiro, Henry Y.,Cosse, Allard A.,Baker, Thomas C. Korean Society of Applied Entomology 1999 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.2 No.2
We investigated the potential of disrupting pheromone-mediated mating communication in European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis(Hubner). The female sex pheromone, a blend of (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (E)-11-tetraecenyl acetate and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate in a ratio of~97:3 was released from two dispenser types and in two deployment patterns, a Shin-Etsu rope of formulation spaced 2m apart and a widely-spaced(35m) pattern using a controlled release system called the Metered Semiochemical Timed Release System (${MSTRS}^{TM}$). Both dispensers were situated in grassy sites that constitute aggregation areas for O. nubilalis mating activity within and around cornfields at three different locations in Iowa. Pheromone-emission rate (after 7 days in the field) from the ${MSTRS}^{TM}$(6.09$\mu\textrm{g}$/min) was ca. 26 times greater than from the rope formulation (0.23 $\mu\textrm{g}$/min). Both dispensers during both first and second flights achieved a significant level of disruption of pheromone-source location(averaging 97%). More importantly, a significant level of mating disruption was achieved, as measured by the frequency of mating by free-flying feral females. The mean number of matings, as measured by spermatophores, per first generation female was 1.33 in the $MSTRS^{TM}$ plots and 1.58 in the rope plots, compared with 1.88 in untreated check plots. During the second flight, the number of matings per female averaged 1.63 in the $MSTRS^{TM}$ plots, 1.56 in the rope plots and 2.17 in untreated check plots. There was also a significant reduction in the proportion of females that mated at least once during both flights in $MSTRS^{TM}$ plots. During the first flight, 17 and 10% fewer females mated in the $MSTRS^{TM}$-treated and rope-treated fields, respectively. A similar level of disruption was also achieved during the second flight.
Two-photon absorption cross section of excited phthalocyanines by a femtosecond Ti-sapphire laser
Mir, Youssef,Van Lier, Johan E.,Allard, Jean-Francois,Morris, Denis,Houde, Daniel Korean Society of Photoscience 2009 Photochemical & photobiological sciences Vol.8 No.3
In the past few years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become a major treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in which there is abnormal growth of choroidal neovasculature (CNV) that eventually obscures central vision, leading to blindness. However, one of the main limitations of current PDT is the relatively low specificity of the photosensitizer (PS) and light for pathological tissue which may induce damage to adjacent healthy tissue. An alternative approach to circumvent the specificity limitation is to improve the irradiation process. In particular two photon (2-$\gamma$) excitation promises a more precise illumination of the target tissue. PS are activated by the simultaneous absorption of 2-$\gamma$ delivered by ultra-fast pulses of near infrared light. In order to evaluate the efficiency of phthalocyanine (Pc) dyes for 2-$\gamma$ absorption we measured 2-$\gamma$ absorption cross sections ($\sigma_2$) of a number of metalated Pc (MPc) dyes at $\lambda_{ex}$ = 800 nm using a femtosecond laser. The studied Pc molecules vary by the type of the central metal ion (Al or Zn) and the number of peripheral sulfo substituents (MPcS). Each MPc dye of our series shows an improved 2-$\gamma$ absorption $\sigma_2$ as compared to that obtained for Photofrin ($3.1{\pm}0.1\;GM$, with 1 GM = $10^{-50}\;cm^4\;s\;photon^{-1}\;mol^{-1}$), the PS currently approved for 1-$\gamma$ PDT. Our data show an 2.5-fold enhancement for AlPcCl, $AlPcS_{2adj}$ and $ZnPcS_3C_9$, up to 10-fold ($28.6{\pm}0.72\;GM$) for the ZnPcS4 dye relative to Photofrin. These findings confirm the efficiency of Pc for 2-$\gamma$ absorption processes and represent the first detailed comparison study of 2-$\gamma$ absorption $\sigma_2$ between Photofrin and Pc dyes.