http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
More Integrated than Ever? Long-Term Market and Policy Drivers of Intra-Asian Trade
Alejandro Ayuso-Díaz(Alejandro Ayuso-Díaz ),Antonio G. Gómez-Plana(Antonio G. Gómez-Plana ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2023 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.38 No.1
Since the Doha Round stalemate after 2001, trade liberalization has progressed through regional trade agreements (RTAs) and East and Southeast Asia is not unfamiliar with this. Before assessing the effectiveness of recent trade agreements, the long tradition of trade exchange in this region that has lasted for more than 2,000 years necessitates an understanding of the evolution of intra-Asian trade across history. In this regard, this study contributes to the literature examining whether present intra-Asian trade is more or less intense than before 1938. This research outperforms previous studies using a gravity model that controls for changes in GDP and trade costs in the region across four different time periods (between 1840 and 2018). The results show that contemporary regional trade in East and Southeast Asia is slightly less intense than before World War II. A second question addressed is the relevance of trade agreements after the 1985 Plaza Accord on trade integration, compared with market determinants. A second gravity model for regional imports after 1986 is regressed on both policy and market indicators, indicating that the latest wave of intra-Asian trade is characterized by trade complementarities that are fueled by regional foreign direct investment, and free trade agreements are less effective. This result is validated through a network analysis demonstrating the symbiosis between trade and investment flows in the region, which should be considered in RTAs that are in place or in negotiation to take intra-Asian trade beyond its historical limits.
Alejandro M. Aragona,Alejandro H. Soderini,Nicasio A. Cuneo 대한부인종양학회 2014 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.25 No.4
The phrase “locally advanced carcinoma of the vulva” has often been mentioned in the literature, though not accurately defined, or even leading to the interpretation overlapping. Grounded on cervical cancer experience, we are able to state that designing a tailored primary strategy based on clinically measurable adverse prognostic factors represents the cornerstone of therapy. This fact urged us to rethink about the real usefulness of the concept of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. We will refer to this concept as a clinical entity emerging from a rigorous workup which is a valuable guiding tool in the context of a thorough debate about the best primary treatment approach to be used. Furthermore, bulky tumors of the vulva have been associated with a worse prognosis on several occasions. Some authors have questioned the fact that tumor size has not been considered in the staging system. Finally, a standardized definition will help us compare the results obtained, which is extremely necessary given the worldwide low prevalence of this disease.
Effect of blood type on anti-α-Gal immunity and the incidence of infectious diseases
Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz,Lourdes Mateos-Hernández,Pilar Alberdi,Margarita Villar,Gilles Riveau,Emmanuel Hermann,Anne-Marie Schacht,Jamal Khalife,Margarida Correia-Neves,Christian Gortazar,José de la Fue 생화학분자생물학회 2017 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.49 No.-
The identification of factors affecting the susceptibility to infectious diseases is essential toward reducing their burden on the human population. The ABO blood type correlates with susceptibility to malaria and other infectious diseases. Due to the structural similarity between blood antigen B and Galα1-3Galβ1-(3)4GlcNAc-R (α-Gal), we hypothesized that self-tolerance to antigen B affects the immune response to α-Gal, which in turn affects the susceptibility to infectious diseases caused by pathogens carrying α-Gal on their surface. Here we found that the incidence of malaria and tuberculosis, caused by pathogens with α-Gal on their surface, positively correlates with the frequency of blood type B in endemic regions. However, the incidence of dengue fever, caused by a pathogen without α-Gal, was not related to the frequency of blood type B in these populations. Furthermore, the incidence of malaria and tuberculosis was negatively correlated with the anti-α-Gal antibody protective response. These results have implications for disease control and prevention.
Exploring Growth Linkages and Market Opportunities for Agriculture in Southern Africa
( Alejandro Nin Pratt ),( Xinshen Diao ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2008 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.23 No.1
The heterogeneity of southern African countries offers the region a unique opportunity to exploit agricultural potential and trade opportunities through regional integration. We analyze the implications of such opportunities using a regional general equilibrium model. We find that growth in South Africa benefits the region`s lowincome countries through increased demand for their agricultural exports, higher prices that stimulate production for domestic markets, and slower decline of prices from increased production. Agricultural productivity growth, however, is necessary for low-income countries to take advantage of South Africa`s growth. The largest benefits for low-income countries result from rising productivity of grain and livestock production.
Harmonic Identification Algorithms Based on DCT for Power Quality Applications
Alejandro G. Yepes,Francisco D.Freijedo,Jesús Doval-Gandoy,Óscar López Sánchez,Pablo Fernández-Comesaña,Jano Malvar Álvarez 한국전자통신연구원 2010 ETRI Journal Vol.32 No.1
The increasing demand for non-sinusoidal currents affects the quality of distribution networks. Harmonic detection is a crucial step in the cancellation of those components by active power filters. In this paper, the discrete cosine transform (DCT) is compared with different implementations based on Fourier transforms, demonstrating their equivalences and the advantages provided by the former. We demonstrate that the phase error in the presence of grid frequency deviations and the transient length are reduced by half in comparison to the discrete Fourier transform. A novel algorithm is developed to provide frequency adaptation to the DCT, taking advantage of its good features. The window width is adjusted in real time according to the actual value of the grid fundamental frequency by means of a phase-locked loop. A technique based on dithering is employed to overcome the limitation caused by the truncation of the window number of samples, so the frequency resolution is enhanced. The theoretical approach is verified by simulated and experimental results.
Ischiofemoral Impingement Syndrome: Outcomes of Endoscopic Resection of the Lesser Trochanter
Alejandro Hernandez,Sleiman Haddad,Jorge H. Nuñez,Albert Gargallo-Margarit,Andrea Sallent,Victor Barro 대한정형외과학회 2017 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.9 No.4
Ischiofemoral impingement syndrome is a rare clinical entity characterized by chronic groin, buttock or hip pain associated with radiographic evidence of narrowing of the space between the lesser femoral trochanter and the ischial tuberosity. Introduction of magnetic resonance imaging to the clinical practice as well as the establishment of the radiological definition of the abnormal ischiofemoral distance has led to an increasing interest in this condition. Ischiofemoral impingement syndrome is a poorly understood disorder of chronic pain, especially regarding its treatment. The authors present two cases of primary ischiofemoral impingement syndrome successfully treated with a minimally invasive surgical technique. With this endoscopic technique, it was possible to resect the lesser trochanter and restore the ischiofemoral space. Immediate clinical and functional improvement was reported by both patients.
Alejandro J. Rojas 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2009 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.7 No.6
The research area of control over networks has attracted great interest in recent years. Inserted in this research area is the study of control feedback limitations imposed by the presence of a communication channel. In this paper we analyze the fundamental limitations in control feedback stabilizability imposed by a class of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) constrained communication channels. We solve the SNR constrained control over network problem as a linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) optimization with loop transfer recovery (LTR). If the communication channel is located on the feedback path then the LTR is said to be performed at the output. Vice versa, if the communication channel is on the control path, then the recovery is said to be performed at the input. In the present paper we address both cases, namely the LQG optimization with LTR at the output and the LQG optimization with LTR at the input to solve an LTI SNR constrained problem. We then explore the link between these two solutions.
Numerical investigation of truck aerodynamics on several classes of infrastructures
Alejandro Alonso-Estébanez,Juan J. del Coz Díaz,Felipe P. Álvarez Rabanal,Pablo Pascual-Muñoz,Paulino J. García Nieto 한국풍공학회 2018 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.26 No.1
This paper describes the effect of different testing parameters (configuration of infrastructure and truck position on road) on truck aerodynamic coefficients under cross wind conditions, by means of a numerical approach known as Large Eddy Simulation (LES). In order to estimate the air flow behaviour around both the infrastructure and the truck, the filtered continuity and momentum equations along with the Smagorinsky–Lilly model were solved. A solution for these non-linear equations was approached through the finite volume method (FVM) and using temporal and spatial discretization schemes. As for the results, the aerodynamic coefficients acting on the truck model exhibited nearly constant values regardless of the Reynolds number. The flat ground is the infrastructure where the rollover coefficient acting on the truck model showed lowest values under cross wind conditions (yaw angle of 90), while the worst infrastructure studied for vehicle stability was an embankment with downward-slope on the leeward side. The position of the truck on the road and the value of embankment slope angle that minimizes the rollover coefficient were determined by successfully applying the Response Surface Methodology.