Recent Advances in the Management of Hyperphosphataemia

( Alastair J. Hutchison ) 대한신장학회 2002 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.21 No.2

Successful Extubation After Weaning Failure by Noninvasive Ventilation in Patients With Neuromuscular Disease – Do We Appreciate the Bigger Picture?

Alastair J. Glossop,Antonio M. Esquinas 대한재활의학회 2017 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.41 No.5

Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods: The Experience of Mechanical Failure from a Single Center Consecutive Series of 28 Children with a Minimum Follow-up of 2 Years

Alastair Beaven,Adrian C. Gardner,David S. Marks,,Jwalant S. Mehta,Matthew Newton-Ede,,Jonathan B. Spilsbury 대한척추외과학회 2018 Asian Spine Journal Vol.12 No.5

Study Design: Retrospective observational study of a continuous series of 28 children. Purpose: To determine the mechanical failure rate in our cohort of children treated with magnetically controlled growth rods (MCGRs). Overview of Literature: Previous studies report a MCGR mechanical failure rate of 0%–75%. Methods: All patients with MCGR implantation between 2012 and 2015 were examined and followed up for a minimum of 2 years. A retrospective evaluation of contemporaneously documented clinical findings was conducted, and radiographs were retrospectively examined for mechanical failure. The external remote controller (ERC)-specified length achieved in the clinic was compared to the length measured on subsequent radiographs. Results: Fourteen mechanical failures were identified in 28 children (50%) across a total of 52 rods (24 pairs and four single constructs). Mechanical failures were due to: failure to lengthen under general anesthesia (seven children), actuator pin fracture (four), rod fracture (one), foundation screw failure (one), and ran out of rod length (one). Of the 14 mechanical failures, six were treated with final fusion operations (reflecting limited further growth potential), and eight patients were treated with the intention for further lengthening. We therefore consider these eight patients to represent the true incidence of mechanical failure in our cohort (29%). The difference between the ERC length and radiographic length was found to be identical in 11% cases; 35% were overestimates, and 54% were underestimates. The median underestimate was 2.45 mm whereas the median overestimate was 3.1 mm per distraction episode. In total, 95% of all ERC distractions were within ±10 mm of the radiographic length achieved over a median of nine distraction episodes. Conclusions: Our series is the most comprehensive MCGR series published to date, and we present a mechanical failure rate of 29%. Clinicians should be mindful of the discrepancies between ERC length and radiographic measurements of rod length; other modalities may be more helpful in this regard.

Bioaffinity detection of pathogens on surfaces

Alastair W. Wark,이재영,김수희,Shaikh Nayeem Faisal,이혜진 한국공업화학회 2010 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.16 No.2

The demand for improved technologies capable of rapidly detecting pathogens with high sensitivity and selectivity in complex environments continues to be a significant challenge that helps drive the development of new analytical techniques. Surface-based detection platforms are particularly attractive asmultiple bioaffinity interactions between different targets and corresponding probemolecules can be monitored simultaneously in a single measurement. Furthermore, the possibilities for developing new signal transduction mechanisms alongside novel signal amplification strategies aremuchmore varied. In this article, we describe some of the latest advances in the use of surface bioaffinity detection of pathogens. Three major sections will be discussed: (i) a brief overview on the choice of probe molecules such as antibodies, proteins and aptamers specific to pathogens and surface attachment chemistries to immobilize those probes onto various substrates, (ii) highlighting examples among the current generation of surface biosensors, and (iii) exploring emerging technologies that are highly promising and likely to form the basis of the next generation of pathogenic sensors.

Kinematics and neuromuscular recruitment during vertical treadmill exercise

Alastair R. Jordan,Andrew Barnes,David Claxton,Alison Purvis,Mary Fysh 한국운동재활학회 2017 JER Vol.13 No.3

The vertical treadmill (VertiRun) is an unresearched, partial weight-bear-ing exercise mode for lower limb rehabilitation. The user undertakes a “running-like” action whilst body weight is supported by a bench and the limb is drawn downwards against overhanging resistance cables on a vertically hung nonmotorised treadmill. This study sought to describe the kinematics and neuromuscular recruitment during VertiRun exercise in the supine, 40°, and 70° postures. Twenty-one healthy male partici-pants (age, 25±7 years; stature, 1.79±0.07 m; body mass, 77.7±8.8 kg) volunteered for sagittal plane kinematic analysis of the ankle, knee and hip and electromyography of lower limb musculature in all three pos-tures. Results indicated similar kinematic and neuromuscular profiles in the 40° and 70° postures which differed from the supine. Regardless of posture, a basic movement pattern was observed where the hamstrings and gastrocnemius muscles were active to extend the hip, flex the knee, plantarflex the ankle and draw the leg down the treadmill belt in the contact phase. The rectus femoris and tibialis anterior were active to flex the hip and knee, and dorsiflex the ankle to draw the leg upwards during the swing phase. The vasti muscles were not active during Ver-tiRun exercise. The VertiRun demonstrated similar kinematic and neuro-muscular patterns to overground gait, allows workload progression based on effort and posture changes, and is a low-impact exercise mode that could maintain physical fitness without loading injured tis-sues. This study suggests that the VertiRun could supplement rehabilita-tion programmes for lower-limb injuries.

Review of the potential use of blood neuro-biomarkers in the diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury

Alastair Jones,Paul Jarvis 대한응급의학회 2017 Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine Vol.4 No.3

Head injury is a common presenting complaint amongst emergency department patients. To date, there has been no widespread utilization of neuro-biomarkers to aid the diagnosis of traumatic brain injury. This review article explores which neuro-biomarkers could be used in the emergency department in aiding the clinical diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury. Based on the available evidence, the most promising neuro-biomarkers appear to be Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase Isozyme L1 (UCH-L1) as these show significant rises in peripheral blood levels shortly after injury and these have been demonstrated to correlate with long-term clinical outcomes. Treatment strategies for minor traumatic brain injury in the emergency department setting are not well developed. The introduction of blood neuro-biomarkers could reduce unnecessary radiation exposure and provide an opportunity to improve the care of this patient group.

Sprint interval training on the vertical treadmill improves aerobic and anaerobic running performance

Alastair Ross Jordan,David Claxton,Alison Purvis,Andrew Barnes,Mary Fysh 한국운동재활학회 2018 JER Vol.14 No.1

The vertical treadmill (VertiRun) is an unresearched mode of exercise where users engage in a “running-like” action whilst body weight is supported by a recumbent bench and overhanging resistance cables are tethered to the user’s ankles. The purpose of this study was to de-termine the effects of training on a VertiRun and any cross-training ef-fect on running performance. Thirty active males (age, 22±4 years; stature, 1.79±0.08 m; body mass, 78.5±12.6 kg) volunteered for this study. Participants’ aerobic and anaerobic running performance were deter-mined by incremental maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO2max) treadmill test and a maximum anaerobic running test (MART), respec-tively. Participants were matched and then randomly assigned to either a VertiRun group, 20-m shuttle sprint group or control group. The inter-vention consisted of 4–6, 30-sec all-out efforts with 4-min recovery be-tween bouts, 3 days a week for 6 weeks. The pre- and postintervention VO2max and MART were analysed using a mixed repeated measures analysis of variance. MART increased by 4.5% in the VertiRun group (P=0.006) and 4% in the sprint group (P<0.001). VO2max increased by 6.2% in the VertiRun group (P=0.009) and 5.5% in the sprint group (P=0.020). The MART and VO2max of the control group were unchanged (P=0.910 and P=0.915, respectively). These data suggest that the Ver-tiRun could be an effective cross-training mode for running and could supplement training programmes. Also, as VertiRun is a low-impact ex-ercise it might be useful in the physical preparation of athletes returning to sport following lower limb injury.

Apoptosis : Basic Concepts for the Gastroenterologists

(Alastair J . M . Watson) 대한소화기학회 1997 대한소화기학회 춘계학술대회 Vol.1997 No.-

Quantification support with indeterminate pronouns

( Alastair Butler ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2009 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.10 No.2

This paper is concerned with one possible way of having quantification in a language without determiners, taking Japanese as a case study. After starting with data that suggests deep connections between the `morphosyntax` employed for constituent questions and for quantification, we present a formal account that initially considers sentences without any quantification to see how argument linking is nevertheless achieved when case marking is added to noun phrases. We then look at how quantification can subsequently be added to the system with the aid of indeterminate pronouns (e.g., dare, nani, dono) and particles (ka and mo). We end by considering the kinds of grammatical effects that arise from this integration.

Clinical Issue of the Long-term ESRD Patient : Clinical Consequences of Hyperphosphataemia

( Alastair J. Hutchison ) 대한신장학회 2002 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.21 No.2