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WAYS OF NEXT GENERATION REFRIGERANTS AND HEAT PUMP/REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
AKIO MIYARA,YOJI ONAKA,SHIGERU KOYAMA 대한설비공학회 2012 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.20 No.1
Since measures of the global warming are becoming urgent issues, various technical innovations and social system reformations are being promoted. In the engineering fields of heating, refrigerating, and air-conditioning, the global warming caused by the refrigerants is a big problem that must be solved. At the present stage, however, there are no perfect solutions for next generation refrigerants and heat pump/refrigeration systems by which the global warming is successfully prevented. Therefore, we have to search possible ways to the next generation. In this paper, important four ways which are (1) natural refrigerants, (2) low GWP synthetic refrigerants, (3) refrigerant management, and (4) refrigerant mixtures are introduced. For the refrigerant mixture which are CO2/DME and HFO-1234ze(E)/HFC-32, cycle simulations have been conducted under different operation modes. COP of the mixtures has a maximum at certain concentration and they are higher than those of conventional refrigerants. From a drop-in test of HFO-1234ze(E)/HFC-32, feasibility of the refrigerant mixture has been proved.
Akio Matsubara,Shin-ichi Abe,Gen Murakami,Ji Hyun Kim,Keisuke Hieda,Kwang Ho Cho,Hyung Suk Jang 대한해부학회 2015 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.48 No.2
To determine the proportion of nerve fibers in the hypogastric nerve (HGN) and pelvic splanchnic nerve (PSN), small tissue strips of the HGN and PSN from 12 donated elderly cadavers were examined histologically. Immunohistochemistry for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was performed. More than 70% of fibers per bundle in the HGN were positive for TH at the level of the sacral promontory. In addition, NOS -(negative) and/or VIP+ (positive) fibers were observed in small areas of each nerve bundle, although the proportion of each was usually less than 10%. In the PSN near the third sacral nerve root, the proportion of nerve fibers positive for NOS and/ or VIP (or TH) was below 30%. In both the HGN and PSN, the number of VIP+ fibers was usually greater than that of NOS+ fibers, with frequent co-localization of NOS and VIP. More fibers in both nerves were positive for TH than for these other markers. In contrast to pelvic plexus branches, there were no differences in the proportions of NOS+ and VIP+ fibers between nerve bundles in each of the tissue strips. Thus, target-dependent sorting of nerve fibers was not apparent in the HGN at the level of the sacral promontory or in the PSN near the third sacral nerve root. The NOS+ and/or VIP+ fibers in the HGN were most likely ascending postganglionic fibers to the colon, while those in the PSN root may be preganglionic fibers from Onuf ’s nucleus.
A neuron MOS current mirror with a fully differential amplifier
Akio Shimizu,Yoshikazu Ishimaru,Yohei Ishikawa,Sumio Fukai 대한전자공학회 2007 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2007 No.7
In this paper, we proposed a neuron MOS current mirror with a fully differential amplifier. Simulation results show that the proposed circuit has better current copy accuracy and low voltage operation. The error rate of current copy in the proposed circuit is ±0.05[%]. And the proposed circuit is the active region in Vout ≥ 0.6[V].