EFFLUENT FROM RUSITEC INOCULATED WITH RUMEN LIQUOR OR COW FAECES AS SOURCES OF MICRO-ORGANISMS FOR IN VITRO DIGESTION OF FORAGES

Akhter, S.,Owen, E.,Hossain, M.M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1996 Animal Bioscience Vol.9 No.4

The experiment investigated the possibility of using effluent from RUSITEC (rumen simulation technique) inoculated with rumen liquor or cow faeces as sources of micro-organisms for in vitro digestion of forages. Nine forages ${\times}3$ sources of inoculum were used in a factorial arrangement of treatments. Rumen liquor was collected from fistulated sheep and faeces was collected from cows. The RUSITEC apparatus consisted of 4 vessels, 2 vessels were charged with faecal liquor and 2 with rumen liquor. On the 8th day of the experiment RUSITEC effluent were collected to use in in vitro studies. In vitro OMD (g/kg) values using three sources of inoculum (fresh rumen liquor, RUSITEC effluent from rumen liquor or cow faeces) were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The regression relationships between OMD using fresh rumen liquor and RUSITEC effluent were highly significant ($R^2>0.90$). The results suggest that RUSITEC effluent either from rumen liquor or cow faeces can be used as a source of micro-organisms for in vitro digestion of forages.

USE OF COW FAECES AT DIFFERENT TIMES AFTER BEING VOIDED AS A SOURCE OF MICRO-ORGANISMS IN IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY ASSAYS OF FORAGES

Akhter, S.,Owen, E.,Hossain, M.M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1996 Animal Bioscience Vol.9 No.4

Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of time intervals between collecting and use of cattle faeces as a source of micro-organisms in in vitro digestibility assays of forages. The results suggested that temperature conservation capacity by faeces depended on the size of the sample. There was no significant difference(p>0.05) between the first (T1 or 08:30 h) and second using time (T2 or 10:30 h). In vitro organic matter digestibility was significantly lower when faeces was used 5 h (T3 or 13:30 h) after collection. However, the organic matter digestibility determined at the second using time (T2) and third using time (T3) were highly correlated ($R^2=0.99$) with the first using time. It was concluded that faeces can be used as a source of microorganisms for in vitro digestibility assays of forages even 5 h after being voided.

Endless Misery of Nimble Fingers : The Rana Plaza Disaster

AKHTER, Shamima 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2014 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.20 No.1

In search of better luck and lives, poor women from rural Bangladesh come to urban areas of the country to work in the garments industry from which the country is earning the majority of its foreign income. The country’s fate is changing due to the industry; so is the fate of its owners, but the question is how much has the fate of the poor women who work in it changed? How empowered are these women as a result of their employment in the factories? Investigation has shown that women are victimized as a result of obvious gender discrimination. They become victims of any kind of disaster, including both human-made and natural. The disgraceful work environment has always pressured them into forced labor, often under threat and sometimes sexual harassment. The collapse of the eight-story Rana Plaza garment factory on April 24, 2013 has consequently caused another hidden disaster in women’s lives, the uncertainty of life in the future and post traumatic disorder. Economic access provided economic emancipation to some extent to these garment worker women. Paradoxically, the endless misery of women’s lives because of this human-made disaster is questioning the meaning of “women’s economic empowerment.”

HOW DO MASSIVE STARS FORM? INFALL & OUTFLOW IN DENSE CORES IN THE MILKY WAY

AKHTER, SHAILA.,CUNNINGHAM, MARIA R.,HARVEY-SMITH, LISA,JONES, PAUL A. The Korean Astronomical Society 2015 天文學論叢 Vol.30 No.2

Massive stars are some of the most influential objects in the Universe, shaping the evolution of galaxies, creating chemical elements and hence shaping the evolution of the Universe. However, the processes by which they form and how they shape their environment during their birth processes are not well understood. We use $NH_3$ data from "The $H_2O$ Southern Galactic Plane Survey" (HOPS) survey to define the positions of dense cores/clumps of gas in the southern Galactic plane that are likely to form stars. Then, using data from "The Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90 GHz" (MALT90) survey, we search for the presence of infall and outflow associated with these cores. We subsequently use the "3D Molecular Line Radiative Transfer Code" (MOLLIE) to constrain properties of the infall and outflow, such as velocity and mass flow. The aim of the project is to determine how common infall and outflow are in star forming cores, and therefore to provide valuable constraints on the timescales and physical process involved in massive star formation. Preliminary results are presented here.

Development of novel coatable compatibilized polyimide-modified silica nanocomposites

Akhter, Toheed,Siddiqi, Humaira Masood,Saeed, Shaukat,Park, O. Ok,Mun, Sung Cik Springer-Verlag 2014 JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH Vol.21 No.5

Coping with Climate Change by Using Indigenous Knowledge of Ethnic Communities from in and around Lawachara National Park of Bangladesh

Akhter, Sayma,Raihan, Farzana,Sohel, Md. Shawkat Islam,Abu Syed, Md.,Das, Suman Kanti,Alamgir, Mohammed Institute of Forest Science 2013 Journal of Forest Science Vol.29 No.3

Climate change is considered to be one of the most serious threats and its impact is felt by the most vulnerable world's poorest countries including Bangladesh. In particular, ethnic communities, whose livelihoods depend on the use of natural resources, are likely to bear the brunt of adverse impacts. A case study was conducted in a fragile ecosystem of Lawachara national park of Bangladesh, to know the indigenous knowledge of the ethnic communities, how they adapt with the climate change impact by using indigenous knowledge. They use various IK to protect their crops from climate change impact. Thus, government should design policies which will be helpful to make them more resilience to face climate change impact.

Performance Evaluation of the WiMAX Network under a Complete Partitioned User Group with a Traffic Shaping Algorithm

Akhter, Jesmin,Islam, Md. Imdadul,Amin, M.R. Korea Information Processing Society 2014 Journal of information processing systems Vol.10 No.4

To enhance the utilization of the traffic channels of a network (instead of allocating radio channel to an individual user), a channel or a group of channels are allocated to a user group. The idea behind this is the statistical distribution of traffic arrival rates and the service time for an individual user or a group of users. In this paper, we derive the blocking probability and throughput of a subscriber station of Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) by considering both the connection level and packet-level traffic under a complete partition scheme. The main contribution of the paper is to incorporate the traffic shaping scheme onto the incoming turbulent traffic. Hence, we have also analyzed the impact of the drain rate of the buffer on the blocking probability and throughput.

Geochemical evaluation of groundwater quality of Peshawar Basin, Pakistan

Akhter, Gulraiz,Mand, Bilal A.,Shah, Munir H. Techno-Press 2021 Advances in environmental research Vol.10 No.1

Evaluation of groundwater quality is vital due to its diverse use for several purposes. In the present study, groundwater quality and suitability from the Peshawar basin, Pakistan, were evaluated for drinking and irrigation purposes. The water samples were analysed for major cations (Ca, Mg, Na and K) and anions (chloride, bicarbonate and sulphate) along with other physicochemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, and total hardness). About 95% of the water samples were found to be within the WHO, US-EPA and Pak-EPA permissible levels for drinking purposes. Seventy percent (70%) of the water samples belonged to the hard water category. Irrigation water quality parameters, such as, chloride, residual sodium bicarbonate, sodium adsorption ratio, percent sodium, magnesium adsorption ratio, Kelly's ration and permeability index were evaluated which demonstrated that the groundwater was highly to moderately suitable for irrigation. A correlation study was conducted to find out the mutual associations among the variables. Piper diagram indicated the overall chemical nature of the study area was calcium-magnesium bicarbonate type. Cluster analysis revealed mutual apportionment of various parameters in the groundwater of the Peshawar basin, Pakistan.

Antioxidant activity of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) seed oil extracted using various organic solvents

Akhter Parveen,Bhatti Taseer Yasrab,Shafiq Iqrash,Jamil Farrukh,Nazar Rabia,Nazir Muhammad Shahid,Hassan Sadaf Ul,Hussain Murid,박영권 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.40 No.12

Sea buckthorn (SBT) combines very fascinating nutritional composition with vital vitamins (A, C, E, D, K, and B complexes). Flavonoids, sterols, α-carotene, linoleic acid, and many more unsaturated fatty acids are present in the sea buckthorn plant. The organic extract of SBT seeds is commonly utilized as an anti-aging ingredient in numerous cosmetics. SBT oil extracts are used in pharmaceuticals that treat diseases like diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders, in addition to cosmetology. In this investigation, various concentrations of organic solvents such as n-hexane, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and ascorbic acid (standard) were used for the extraction of oil from sea buckthorn seeds. The antioxidant activity of such extracts was checked by the iron chelating, commonly known as the ferric chloride (FeCl3) method, which is based on the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay with the help of UV-Vis. Our results indicate that seed extract of Hippophae rhamnoides, should be considered as a non-toxic source and the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay is used to evaluate the anti-oxidant potential by various organic solvents. The highest (68%) of FRAP is scavenged by the ethyl acetate and least (53%) of isopropyl extracts.

Adaptive Pose Estimation for Gait Event Detection Using Context-Aware Model and Hierarchical Optimization

Akhter Israr,Jalal Ahmad,Kim Kibum 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.5

To understand daily events accurately, adaptive pose estimation (APE) systems require a robust context-aware model and optimal feature selection methods. In this paper, we propose a novel gait event detection (GED) system that consists of saliency silhouette detection, a robust body parts model and a 2D stick-model followed by a hierarchical optimization algorithm. Furthermore, the most prominent context-aware features such as energy, 0–180° intensity and distinct moveable features are proposed by focusing on invariant and localized characteristics of human postures in diff erent event classes. Finally, we apply Grey Wolf optimization and a genetic algorithm to discriminate complex postures and to provide appropriate labels to each event. In order to evaluate the performance of proposed GED, two public benchmark datasets, UCF101 and YouTube, are examined via the n -fold cross validation method. For the two benchmark datasets, our proposed method detects the human body key points with 82.4% and 83.2% accuracy respectively. Also, it extracts the context-aware features and fi nally recognizes the gait events with 82.6% and 85.0% accuracy, respectively. Compared with other well-known statistical and state-of-the-art methods, our proposed method outperforms other similarly tasked methods in terms of posture detection and recognition accuracy.