Semen Quality of the Black Bengal Bucks Used at Commercial Artificial Insemination

Ajoy Chandra Dhar,Anup Kumar Talukder,Mohammad Bozlur Rahman,Abdullah-Al-Mamun,Mohammed Shamsuddin 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2010 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Only an optimum number of viable spermatozoa in a frozen-thawed insemination dose can ensure conception at artificial insemination (AI). We report here the percentages of normal, abnormal and viable spermatozoa present in the frozen-thawed semen of 20 Black Bengal bucks used for commercial AI. Bucks in this experiment were of 19.3~46.1 months old and 25~42 kg body weight. Four semen straws (0.25 ml) from each buck were collected for evaluation of their kinetic parameters. Scrotal circumference was measured by using a scrotal tape, sperm motility was estimated on eye estimation and sperm concentration was determined by using a haemocytometer. Sperm morphology was studied in paraformaldehyde fixed spermatozoa under differential interference contrast (DIC) microscope. To determine the proportion of live (plasma membrane intact) spermatozoa, semen was stained with SYBR-14 and propidium iodide and examined under fluorescent microscope. Scrotal circumference, post-thaw sperm motility, sperm concentration per insemination dose and proportion of normal spermatozoa were 21.5 ± 0.7 cm, 43.5 ± 5.4%, 83.5 ± 6.7million and 88.3 ± 4.1%, respectively. The percentages of spermatozoa with head shape and acrosome abnormalities were lower (2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.4 ± 1.3, respectively), whereas higher percentages of abnormalities (7.0 ± 1.8) were observed in mid piece and tail portion. The proportion of live spermatozoa was 28.5 ± 5.4. It is concluded that although a good number of morphologically normal spermatozoa are present in the insemination dose, the proportion of live spermatozoa is low, which warrants further improvements of buck semen freezing procedures to ensure good quality at AI.

Validation Study of Rajasekaran’s Kyphosis Classification System: Do We Clearly Understand Single- and Two-Column Deficiencies?

Ajoy Prasad Shetty,Rajesh Rajavelu,Vibhu Krishnan Viswanathan,Kota Watanabe,Harvinder Singh Chhabra,Rishi Mukesh Kanna,Jason Pui Yin Cheung,Yong Hai,Mun Keong Kwan,Gabriel Liu,Gabriel Liu,Saumajit Bas 대한척추외과학회 2020 Asian Spine Journal Vol.14 No.4

Study Design: Multicenter validation study.Purpose: To evaluate the inter-rater reliability of Rajasekaran’s kyphosis classification through a multicenter validation study.Overview of Literature: The classification of kyphosis, developed by Rajasekaran, incorporates factors related to curve characteristics, including column deficiency, disc mobility, curve magnitude, and osteotomy requirements. Although the classification offers significant benefits in determining prognosis and management decisions, it has not been subjected to multicenter validation.Methods: A total of 30 sets of images, including plain radiographs, computed tomography scans, and magnetic resonance imaging scans, were randomly selected from our hospital patient database. All patients had undergone deformity correction surgery for kyphosis. Twelve spine surgeons from the Asia-Pacific region (six different countries) independently evaluated and classified the deformity types and proposed their surgical recommendations. This information was then compared with standard deformity classification and surgical recommendations.Results: The kappa coefficients for the classification were as follows: 0.88 for type 1A, 0.78 for type 1B, 0.50 for type 2B, 0.40 for type 3A, 0.63 for type 3B, and 0.86 for type 3C deformities. The overall kappa coefficient for the classification was 0.68. Regarding the repeatability of osteotomy recommendations, kappa values were the highest for Ponte’s (Schwab type 2) osteotomy (kappa 0.8). Kappa values for other osteotomy recommendations were 0.52 for pedicle subtraction/disc-bone osteotomy (Schwab type 3/4), 0.42 for vertebral column resection (VCR, type 5), and 0.30 for multilevel VCRs (type 6).Conclusions: Excellent accuracy was found for types 1A, 1B, and 3C deformities (ends of spectrum). There was more variation among surgeons in differentiating between one-column (types 2A and 2B) and two-column (types 3A and 3B) deficiencies, as surgeons often failed to recognize the radiological signs of posterior column failure. This failure to identify column deficiencies can potentially alter kyphosis management. There was excellent consensus among surgeons in the recommendation of type 2 osteotomy; however, some variation was observed in their choice for other osteotomies.

Studies on Inbreeding and Its Effects on Growth and Fleece Traits of Muzaffarnagari Sheep

Mandal, Ajoy,Pant, K.P.,Notter, D.R.,Rout, P.K.,Roy, R.,Sinha, N.K.,Sharma, N. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.10

A pedigree file of 4,738 records of a purebred flock of Muzaffarnagari sheep, maintained at Central Institute for Research on Goats (CIRG), Makhdoom, for a period of 24 years (1978 to 2001) was used to calculate inbreeding coefficients. The lambtraits studied were birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months weights as well as 6 and 12 months fleece yields. The lambs' and ewes' inbreeding coefficients ranged from 0 to 26.4% and 0 to 25%, respectively. The average inbreeding coefficient of lambs was higher than that of ewes in all periods as expected in a closed flock. Fluctuations in lamb and ewe inbreeding were observed in the periods under study. The percentages of animals in the higher inbred categories varied somewhat but generally were relatively constant. The mean rate of inbreeding was 0.63% per generation. The effective population size of the flock was 79.1. On average, an increase of 1% individual inbreeding significantly (p<0.05) reduced weights at birth by 0.010 kg, at 3 month by 0.048 kg, at 6 month by 0.075 kg, at 9 month by 0.129 kg and at 12 month by 0.112 kg. Ewes' inbreeding had non-significant effects on body weight at all ages. Effects of both lambs' and ewes' inbreeding had negative but non-significant effects on fleece weights at 6 and 12 months of age. Thus, inbreeding depression in lambs significantly reduced body weights from birth to 12 months of age but had a negligible effect on fleece yields.

ON MAXIMAL, MINIMAL OPEN AND CLOSED SETS

MUKHARJEE, AJOY Korean Mathematical Society 2015 대한수학회논문집 Vol.30 No.3

We obtain some conditions for disconnectedness of a topological space in terms of maximal and minimal open sets, and some similar results in terms of maximal and minimal closed sets along with interrelations between them. In particular, we show that if a space has a set which is both maximal and minimal open, then either this set is the only nontrivial open set in the space or the space is disconnected. We also obtain a result concerning a minimal open set on a subspace.

On Nearly Pairwise Compact Spaces

Mukharjee, Ajoy,Bose, Manoj Kumar Department of Mathematics 2013 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.53 No.1

In this paper, we introduce the notion of near pairwise compactness which generalizes the notion of pairwise compactness.

On Mean Open and Closed Sets

Mukharjee, Ajoy,Bagchi, Kallol Bhandhu Department of Mathematics 2016 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.56 No.4

In this paper, we introduce the notions of mean open and closed sets in topological spaces, and obtain some properties of such sets. We observe that proper paraopen and paraclosed sets are identical to mean open and closed sets respectively.

Effects of Inbreeding on Lamb Survival in a Flock of Muzaffarnagari Sheep

Mandal, Ajoy,Pant, K.P.,Rout, P.K.,Roy, R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.5

A pedigree file of 4,628 records of Muzaffarnagari sheep, maintained at Central Institute for Research on Goats (CIRG), Makhdoom, was used to calculate the inbreeding coefficient of the flock. The flock had been closed for about 25 years (1978 to 2002). The investigation was aimed to study the effects of inbreeding on survivability of lambs. The cumulative survivability of lambs i.e., lambs survived up to 3, 7 and 15 days, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after birth was considered for the study. The average level of inbreeding of lambs was 1.60%, ranging from 0 to 26.4%. The average inbreeding coefficient of dam over the periods was 1.00% and it ranged from 0 to 25.0%. Significant (p<0.05) adverse effect of lamb's inbreeding was observed on survivability of lambs at all ages except up to 3 and 7 days after birth. On an average, 1% increase in individual inbreeding coefficient should reduce the 0.31, 0.34, 0.32, 0.31, 0.33, 0.44 and 0.49 percent lamb survival up to the age of 15 day and 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, respectively. Ewes inbreeding had non-significant effects on lamb survival at all ages.

MORE ON MAXIMAL, MINIMAL OPEN AND CLOSED SETS

Mukharjee, Ajoy Korean Mathematical Society 2017 대한수학회논문집 Vol.32 No.1

In this paper, we introduce a notion of cleanly covered topological spaces along with two strong separation axioms. Some properties of cleanly covered topological spaces are obtained in term of maximal open sets including some similar properties of a topological space in term of maximal closed sets. Two strong separation axioms are also investigated in terms of minimal open and maximal closed sets.

Semen Quality of the Black Bengal Bucks Used at Commercial Artificial Insemination

Dhar, Ajoy Chandra,Talukder, Anup Kumar,Rahman, Mohammad Bozlur,Al-Mamun, Abdullah,Shamsuddin, Mohammed 韓國受精卵移植學會 2010 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Only an optimum number of viable spermatozoa in a frozen-thawed insemination dose can ensure conception at artificial insemination (AI). We report here the percentages of normal, abnormal and viable spermatozoa present in the frozen-thawed semen of 20 Black Bengal bucks used for commercial AI. Bucks in this experiment were of 19.3~46.1 months old and 25~42 kg body weight. Four semen straws (0.25 ml) from each buck were collected for evaluation of their kinetic parameters. Scrotal circumference was measured by using a scrotal tape, sperm motility was estimated on eye estimation and sperm concentration was determined by using a haemocytometer. Sperm morphology was studied in paraformaldehyde fixed spermatozoa under differential interference contrast (DIC) microscope. To determine the proportion of live (plasma membrane intact) spermatozoa, semen was stained with SYBR-14 and propidium iodide and examined under fluorescent microscope. Scrotal circumference, post-thaw sperm motility, sperm concentration per insemination dose and proportion of normal spermatozoa were , , million and , respectively. The percentages of spermatozoa with head shape and acrosome abnormalities were lower ( and , respectively), whereas higher percentages of abnormalities () were observed in mid piece and tail portion. The proportion of live spermatozoa was . It is concluded that although a good number of morphologically normal spermatozoa are present in the insemination dose, the proportion of live spermatozoa is low, which warrants further improvements of buck semen freezing procedures to ensure good quality at AI.

Posterior Stabilization of Unstable Sacral Fractures: A Single-Center Experience of Percutaneous Sacroiliac Screw and Lumbopelvic Fixation in 67 Cases

Shetty Ajoy Prasad,Renjith Karukayil Ramakrishnan,Perumal Ramesh,Anand Sri Vijay,Kanna Rishi Mugesh,Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan 대한척추외과학회 2021 Asian Spine Journal Vol.15 No.5

Study Design: This is a retrospective study. Purpose: Recent advances in intraoperative imaging and closed reduction techniques have led to a shifting trend toward surgical management in every unstable sacral fracture. This study aimed to evaluate the clinicoradiological outcome of the sacroiliac (SI) screw and lumbopelvic fixation (LPF) techniques and thereby delineate the indications for each. Overview of Literature: Optimal management guidelines for unstable sacral fractures are still lacking probably due to the rarity of these injuries and varying fixation trends. Methods: Out of the 67 patients, 40 and 27 were in the SI and LPF groups, respectively. The electronic medical record for each patient was reviewed, including patient demographic data, mode of trauma, coexisting injuries, neurological status (Gibbon’s four-grade system), Injury Severity Score, time from admission to operative stabilization, type of surgical stabilization, complications, return to the operating room, and treatment outcome measures using Majeed’s functional grading system and Matta’s radiological criteria. The minimum follow-up period was 2 years. Results: Noncomminuted longitudinal injuries with normal neurology and acceptable closed reduction have undergone SI screw fixation (n=40). Irreducible, comminuted, or high transverse fractures associated with dysmorphic anatomy or neurodeficit were managed by LPF (n=27). Excellent and good Majeed and Matta scores at 86.57% and 92.54% of the patients, respectively, were postoperatively achieved. Conclusions: Unstable sacral fractures can be effectively managed with percutaneous SI screw including vertically unstable injuries by paying strict attention to preoperative patient selection whereas LPF can be reserved for comminuted fractures, unacceptable closed reduction, associated neurodeficit, lumbosacral dysmorphism, and high transverse fractures.