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Dual-Class Stock Splits and Liquidity
Joonghyuk Kim,Ji-Chai Lin,Ajai Singh,Wen Yu 한국재무학회 2008 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.11
We examine liquidity effects of dual-class stock splits that change firms’ ownership structure from one share one vote to two classes with disparate voting rights. Following dual-class splits, effective spreads, price impacts, and order execution difficulty increase and the investor base decreases significantly for both superior- and inferior-voting shares. In contrast, following a matched sample of regular splits, the investor base increases and order execution improves significantly. Pursuant to the adoption of extreme form of corporate governance and weakened shareholder rights, and consistent with the implied effects of a deteriorating information environment, we find that dual-class splits adversely affect stock liquidity.
Shree Shashank,Kumar Manoj,Singh Ajai 대한공간정보학회 2021 Spatial Information Research Vol.29 No.2
This study analyzed the spatial and temporal trends of diurnal temperature range (DTR) for 35-years (1983–2017) in the region of the Subarnarekha river basin of Jharkhand, India. The daily data of maximum temperature (Tmax) and minimum temperature (Tmin) were habituated to compute the DTR, whereas rainfall data is used to measure its relationship with DTR, on a monthly annual and seasonal basis. Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope method has been used to detect the increasing or decreasing trends in climatic data with their statistical significance. The annual mean DTR of the basin is 11.97 C With a maximum in pre-monsoon (16.36 C) and minimum in monsoon (6.94 C). A significant negative trend (- 0.31 C/decade) was observed in annual DTR over the basin. On a seasonal basis, all four seasons show a negative trend in DTR with the largest significant decreasing trend in the pre-monsoon season (- 0.49 C/decade). On an annual and seasonal basis, a significant negative correlation between DTR and rainfall is found, indicating that rainfall has a significant impact on the variation of DTR in this basin. A concomitant increase in rainfall might be one of the possible causes of the decreases in DTR in the basin.
Ashwini Kumar,Saw Gautam Kumar,Singh Ajai 대한공간정보학회 2021 Spatial Information Research Vol.29 No.6
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted basic lifestyle of everyone across the globe. To stop the conveyance of the coronavirus into the human body and to flatten the transmission rate curve, almost every country imposed a lockdown. In India, the emergency lockdown was imposed on the 24th of March 2020 which created an economic crisis in the country but proved a boon in disguise for the environment to improve its quality. The study analysed the statuses of air quality with respect to NO2 in pre and during the COVID-19 lockdown period in eight districts of India where tier I cities are located. Nitrous Oxide concentration was determined through Sentinel 5P satellites imagery and Central Pollution Control Board ground station data. The lockdown across the country has helped the environment to regain, and therefore, more studies are required to assess other parameters to explore the implementation of the provision of the well-planned lockdown of 1-week duration in a year for giving enough time to the environment to recuperate. These results show that the study areas (Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, Bengaluru, and Pune) have witnessed a significant drop in nitrogen dioxide (14–62%) as compared to the same period in 2019. This propose an idea that the devilish, COVID-19 lockdown has proved to be an unknown tool for tranquillizing air pollution (NO2) during a lockdown within the Territory of Indian.
Understanding planform dynamics of the Ganga River in eastern part of India
Ashwini Kumar,Pathan Shehnaj Ahmed,Singh Ajai 대한공간정보학회 2021 Spatial Information Research Vol.29 No.4
To understand the natural processes of planform change, meandering and formation of braid bars, satellite sensor data of few decades play a significant role. The present research focuses on the planform dynamics of Ganga River from Sahibganj (Jharkhand) to Jalangi in West Bengal, India. This study is based on the sequential river planform maps. These maps were prepared using Landsat 1, Landsat 3, Landsat 4, Landsat 5 and Landsat 7 data for the period 1975–2015 at an interval of 5 years. The sinuosity index, braiding index and spatial analysis of maps were used to assess and classify the river into straight, braided and meander categories. This was observed that braiding index is continuously increasing and the meandering index has decreased from 1.6 to 1.24 during 1975 to 2015. The results showed the changes in channel migration with time and space. From the analysis, it is observed that the factors causing shifting of the Ganga River in some areas are natural and anthropogenic. Landsat images were found to be effective in determining the meandering index, braiding index and planform change of a river.
Bhatt, Vaibhav D.,Khade, Prasad S.,Tarate, Sagar B.,Tripathi, Ajai K.,Nauriyal, Dev S.,Rank, Dharamshi N.,Kunjadia, Anju P.,Joshi, Chaitanya G. The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2012 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.52 No.4
The expression profiles of inflammatory cytokines viz. interleukins (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-12, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, interferon-${\gamma}$ and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ in response to subclinical mastitis in indigenous cattle breed Kankrej (n = 6), Gir (Bos indicus) (n = 12) and crossbred (Bos taurus${\times}$Bos indicus) (n = 7) were investigated using quantitative real time PCR. Significant correlation (p < 0.05) was observed between total bacterial load and somatic cell count (SCC) in all three breeds of cattle. All the cytokines were observed to be up-regulated compared to cows with healthy quarters, however, level of their expression varied among three breeds of cattle. In Kankrej most cytokines were found to be transcribed to higher levels than in other two breeds; the milk had higher load of bacteria but not so high SCC, implying that Kankrej has a higher inherent resistance against mastitis. The results of present study indicated that mammary glands of crossbred cattle are more sensitive to bacterial infection than indigenous breed of cattle as they elicit immune response at lower bacterial load and result into higher SCC. Research on identification of factors responsible for differentially expressed cytokines profiles and use of cytokines as immunomodulatory tools can pave way for formulating control strategies against bovine mastitis.