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( Masahito Aimi ),( Kenji Furuta ),( Yoshiya Morito ),( Kousuke Fukazawa ),( Kyoichi Adachi ),( Yoshikazu Kinoshita ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2013 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.19 No.1
Background/Aims Esophagogastric junctional lesions, such as mucosal breaks with Los Angeles grade A or B reflux esophagitis, lacerations in Mallory Weiss syndrome, and short segment Barrett`s esophagus, are mainly found in the right anterior wall of the distal esophagus. Asymmetrical lower esophageal sphincter pressure and resting radial asymmetrical acid reflux may be causes of this asymmetrical distribution of reflux esophagitis and short segment Barrett`s esophagus. We developed a novel pH and pressure catheter to investigate the asymmetrical distributions of pH and intra-esophageal pressure in the distal esophagus. Methods One healthy male volunteer was enrolled in this study. Acid reflux and motor function in distal esophagus was investigated using simultaneous measurements of intra-esophageal pH and pressure in 8 directions with novel sensor catheter. Results Thirty-six acid and weak acid reflux events were observed, of which 22 were circumferential refluxes with pH drops in all channels and 14 were partial refluxes with pH drops in some channels. Increase in transient circumferential intraesophageal pressure was observed just after 72.7% of the circumferential reflux and 42.9% of the partial reflux events. Conclusions Using a novel sensor catheter, 2 different types of acid reflux events were identified in the present study. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2013; 19:42-46).
Influence of Full-body Water Immersion on Esophageal Motor Function and Intragastric Pressure
( Masahito Aimi ),( Kenji Furuta ),( Tsukasa Saito ),( Shino Shimura ),( Kousuke Fukazawa ),( Shunji Ohara ),( Goichi Uno ),( Hiroshi Tobita ),( Kyoichi Adachi ),( Yoshikazu Kinoshita ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 (구 대한소화관운동학회) 2012 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.18 No.2
Background/Aims In Japan, it is customary to take a daily bath during which the body is immersed in water to the neck. During full-body im - mersion, hydrostatic pressure is thought to compress the chest and abdomen, which might influence esophageal motor function and intragastric pressure. However, whether water immersion has a significant influence on esophageal motor function or intragastric pressure has not been shown. The aim of this study was to clarify the influence of full-body water immersion on esophageal motor function and intragastric pressure. Methods Nine healthy male volunteers (mean age 40.1 ± 2.8 years) were enrolled in this study. Esophageal motor function and intragastric pressure were investigated using a high-resolution 36-channel manometry device. Results All subjects completed the study protocol. Intragastric pressure increased significantly from 4.2 ± 1.1 to 20.6 ± 1.4 mmHg with full-body water immersion, while the lower esophageal high pressure zone (LEHPZ) value also increased from 20.5 ± 2.2 to 40.4 ± 3.6 mmHg, with the latter being observed regardless of dietary condition. In addition, peak esophageal peristaltic pressure was higher when immersed as compared to standing out of water. Conclusions Esophageal motor function and intragastric pressure were altered by full-body water immersion. Furthermore, the pressure gradient between LEHPZ and intragastric pressures was maintained at a high level, and esophageal peristaltic pressure was elevated with immersion.
Recognition and degradation of insoluble crystalline cellulose by Polyporus arcularius
Tadanori Aimi,Yuka Ohnishi,Mitsutoshi Nagase,Tsuyoshi Ichiyanagi,Yutaka Kitamoto 한국버섯학회 2010 한국버섯학회지 Vol.8 No.4
The genes encoding cellulases, which belong to glycosyl hydrolase families have been cloned from the basidiomycetous mushrooms. The transcripts of cellulase genes are strongly induced when the mycelia are grown in medium containing crystalline cellulose, and they are not expressed in medium containing glucose, but how insoluble substrates such as microcrystalline cellulose are recognized by these fungal cells is not clear. The polypore mushroom Polyporus arcularius is a wood-decomposing basidiomycete that produces at least three types (I, II, and IIIa) of carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) when the medium contains crystalline cellulose as the sole carbon source and produced mainly cellobiose in the medium. The genomic and cDNA clones encoding the family 12 endoglucanase (CMCase IIIa) gene (cel3A) of P. arcularius have been sequenced, and Cel3A has been expressed as an active enzyme in Escherichia coli. To determine the role and function of each type of cellulase in the degradation of crystalline cellulose by basidiomycetous mushrooms, the structure of all of the cellulase genes should be investigated, but the nucleotide sequences of the other cellulase genes in P. arcularius have not yet been reported. In the current study, the genomic and cDNA clones encoding the endoglucanases (cel4), and the two cellobiohydrolases (cel1 and cel2) of P. arcularius sequenced and characterized. The predicted amino acid sequence of Cel1 Cel2, Cel3a and Cel4 are similar to glycosyl hydrolase family 7, 6 12 and 5 protein, respectively. The expressions of the all cellulase genes (cel1 cel2, cel3a and cel4) were induced by Avicel (microcrystalline cellulose) and cellopentaose but repressed by glucose, cellobiose, cellotriose, and cellotetraose. There was a low level of transcription of both genes regardless of the carbon source. These results suggest that P. arcularius cells constitutively express a very low level of cellulase that can degrade insoluble crystalline cellulose and that the transcription of celluases in the cells is induced by products produced by these endoglucanases such as cellooligosaccharides. From our findings, we propose a possible mechanism for the recognition and degradation of insoluble crystalline cellulose by fungal cells.
Nur Aimie Abdullah Sani,Woei Jye Lau,Ahmad Fauzi Ismail 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.4
The performance of polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) solvent resistant nanofiltration (SRNF)-based flat sheetmembranes prepared from phase inversion method was investigated by varying the concentration of polymer in thedope solution and condition of membrane pretreatment process. The membrane properties were characterized by SEM,FTIR, AFM and contact angle goniometer, while their performance was evaluated by measuring methanol flux andrejection of different molecular weight of dyes (ranging from 269 to 1,470 g/mol) in methanol. The experimental resultsshowed that the polymer concentration has great impact not only on the final membrane morphology but also its separationcharacteristics. Increasing polymer concentration from 17 to 25wt% tended to suppress finger-like structure andmore pear-like pores were developed, causing methanol flux to decrease. This can be explained by the decrease inmolecular weight cut off (MWCO) of the membrane prepared at high polymer concentration. With respect to theeffect of membrane pretreatment conditions, the rejection of membrane was negatively affected with longer immersionperiod in methanol solution prior to filtration experiment. The variation in membrane rejection can be attributed tothe rearrangement of the polymer chain, which results in membrane swelling and/or change of membrane surfacehydrophilicity.
Understanding the Sentiment on Gig Economy: Good or Bad?
NORAZMI, Fatin Aimi Naemah,MAZLAN, Nur Syazwani,SAID, Rusmawati,OK RAHMAT, Rahmita Wirza Korea Distribution Science Association 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.10
The gig economy offers many advantages, such as flexibility, variety, independence, and lower cost. However, there are also safety concerns, lack of regulations, uncertainty, and unsatisfactory services, causing people to voice their opinion on social media. This paper aims to explore the sentiments of consumers concerning gig economy services (Grab, Foodpanda and Airbnb) through the analysis of social media. First, Vader Lexicon was used to classify the comments into positive, negative, and neutral sentiments. Then, the comments were further classified into three machine learning algorithms: Support Vector Machine, Light Gradient Boosted Machine, and Logistic Regression. Results suggested that gig economy services in Malaysia received more positive sentiments (52%) than negative sentiments (19%) and neutral sentiments (29%). Based on the three algorithms used in this research, LGBM has been the best model with the highest accuracy of 85%, while SVM has 84% and LR 82%. The results of this study proved the power of text mining and sentiment analysis in extracting business value and providing insight to businesses. Additionally, it aids gig managers and service providers in understanding clients' sentiments about their goods and services and making necessary adjustments to optimize satisfaction.