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포용적(Inclusive) 접근의 무용예술교육을 위한 기초연구 - 교육의 방향성을 중심으로 -
김아롱 ( Kim Ahrong ),조은숙 ( Cho Eun-sook ) 한국무용예술학회 2021 무용예술학연구 Vol.84 No.4
The objective of the study is to examine the concept of ‘Inclusive’ arts which has contributed to enhance the field of disability arts. Korea has recently paid attention to the Alice Fox’s principles of inclusive arts activities, in order to suggest directions for the dance education of inclusive approaches. As the starting point for applying an inclusive approach to dance education, this study discusses three applications as follows. First, a reconsideration on dance education for the disabled in terms of special education. Second, a post-learning viewpoint on disability. Third, establishing a mutual subjective relationship between the disabled and non-disabled. The study is expected to draw attention on the disability arts education in the fields of dance education and to provide a foundation to make the dance education done for all by respecting equality and diversity.
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Lee, So Jeong,Kim, Ahrong,Kim, Young Keum,Park, Won Young,Kim, Hyun Sung,Jo, Hong-Jae,Oh, Nahmgun,Song, Geum Am,Park, Do Youn Elsevier 2018 Human pathology Vol.78 No.-
<P>Endoscopic resection is widely recognized as a first-line treatment for T1 colorectal cancers (CRC), although additional surgical intervention may be indicated based on the risk of lymph node (LN) metastasis. However, risk factors for LN metastasis in T1 CRC not fully established. We investigated the clinicopathological features of T1 CRC and evaluated their association with lymph node metastasis in 133 cases of T1 CRC, consisting of 87 cases with first-line endoscopic resection (EMR) followed by additional surgery and 46 cases with primary surgical resection. Among the total 133 cases, 16 cases (12.0%) showed LN metastasis; 13 cases (13/16, 81.25%) were included in endoscopic resection cohort. These were all of the non-pedunculated gross type and most of LN+ tumors invaded submucosa over 1000 mu m (surgical cohort versus endoscopic resection cohort; 3 versus 11). However, there was no statistical difference in the depth of submucosal invasion between the LN+ and LN in both surgical cohort (2799.42 mu m 401.56 versus 3000.00 mu m 721.69, P=.897) and endoscopic resection cohort (2066.55 mu m 142.96 versus 2305.77 mu m 345.62, P=.520). Conversely, presence of and a higher number of tumor budding foci were associated with an increase in the incidence of LN metastasis in both cohort (P<.0001). Positive resection margins as well as absence of adenoma component were also an independent predictive factor for lymph node metastasis in 87 cases with first-line endoscopic resection followed by additional surgery. We found that tumor budding was the most reliable LN metastasis predictor in T1 CRC in both surgically resected and endoscopic resection specimens.</P>
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Variation in the Korean Integration of English Word-Final /s/
Iverson, Gregory K.,Lee, Ahrong 서울대학교 언어교육원 (구 서울대학교 어학연구소) 2006 語學硏究 Vol.42 No.2
The adaptation of English word-final /s/ in words that are borrowed into Korean presents an interesting perceptual match-up inasmuch as Korean contrasts two types of voiceless fricatives, “lax” /s/ and “tense” /s’/, either of which, depending on context, may serve as the rendition of English /s/. Which of these is selected appears to correlate with the familiar durational difference between lax and tense consonants in Korean. In particular, S Kim (1999) showed that English words are borrowed consistently with tense /s’/ when the fricative is not in a cluster in the source language (where it is phonetically longer), whereas the result is lax /s/ when the fricative (phonetically shorter) does form part of a consonant cluster in the source language. Hypothesizing that Koreans are sensitive to this durational property, S Kim concluded that positional sub-phonemic length differences in the English fricative are apprehended directly by Korean listeners (and so presumably are contrastive in the language; cf. Iverson & A Lee 2006). Davis & M-H Cho (2006), on the other hand, maintain that the phonetic length correlation is not robust, noting specifically that S Kim was troubled by the adaptation of final clusters consisting of sonorant consonant plus /s/ (as in dance, false), which are rendered with the tense fricative despite being part of a source language cluster. Yet in a comprehensive acoustic study of English /s/ over a full range of environments, Klatt (1974) showed that while /s/ is shorter by 40% in clusters with stops (an [s] that Koreans adapt as lax), it is shorter by only 15% in clusters with sonorant consonants (an [s] which Koreans adapt as tense). Thus, it would appear that Koreans adapt instances of the English fricative following a sonorant as tense /s’/ because these are above the threshold of brevity that marks the non-tense obstruents in Korean, and in any case are appreciably longer than English [s] in an obstruent cluster (as first reported by A Lee (2006a); cf. A Lee (2006b) on adaptation of the stops in English s-clusters). The paper reports on a perception experiment further testing and supporting the hypothesis that phonetic length of the source fricative correlates directly with its adaptation as either lax or tense in Korean.
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Kim, Joo-Yeun,Shin, Na Ri,Kim, Ahrong,Lee, Hyun-Jeong,Park, Won-young,Kim, Jee-Yeon,Lee, Chang-Hun,Huh, Gi-Young,Park, Do Youn The Korean Society of Pathologists and The Korean 2013 KOREAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY - Vol.47 No.1
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Gastric cancers with microsatellite instabilities (MSI) have been reported to be associated with favorable prognosis. However, the significance of the effect of MSI on the clinicopathological features, as well as its association with mucin phenotype, remains unclear.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>MSI status was assessed in 414 cases of gastric cancer using polymerase chain reaction analysis of five microsatellite loci, as recommended by National Cancer Institution criteria. The expression of mucins (MUC5AC, MUC6, MUC2, and CD10) was assessed.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Out of 414 total cases of gastric cancer, 380 (91.7%), 11 (2.7%), and 23 (5.6%) were microsatellite stable (MSS), low-level MSI (MSI-L), and high-level MSI (MSI-H), respectively. Compared to MSS/MSI-L, MSI-H gastric cancers were associated with older age (p=0.010), tumor size (p=0.014), excavated gross (p=0.042), intestinal type (p=0.028), aggressive behaviors (increase of T stage [p=0.009]), perineural invasion [p=0.022], and lymphovascular emboli [p=0.027]). MSI-H gastric cancers were associated with tumor necrosis (p=0.041), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (≥2/high power field, p<0.001), expanding growth patterns (p=0.038), gastric predominant mucin phenotypes (p=0.028), and MUC6 expression (p=0.016). Tumor necrosis (≥10% of mass, p=0.031), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (p<0.001), intestinal type (p=0.014), and gastric mucin phenotypes (p=0.020) could represent independent features associated with MSI-H gastric cancers. MSI-H intestinal type gastric cancers had a tendency for poor prognosis in univariate analysis (p=0.054) but no association in Cox multivariate analysis (p=0.197).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Our data suggest that MSI-H gastric cancers exhibit distinct aggressive biologic behaviors and a gastric mucin phenotype. This contradicts previous reports that describe MSI-H gastric cancer as being associated with favorable prognosis.</P>
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Nodular Fasciitis of the Parotid Gland, Masquerading as Pleomorphic Adenoma
Hwang, Chung Su,Lee, Chang Hun,Kim, Ahrong,Shin, Nari,Park, Won Young,Park, Min Gyoung,Park, Do Youn The Korean Society of Pathologists and The Korean 2014 KOREAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY - Vol.48 No.5
<P>It is difficult to distinguish nodular fasciitis (NF) from other neoplasm of the parotid gland, especially pleomorphic adenoma (PA) by fine needle aspiration cytology. A 39-year-old female noticed a mass in the parotid region. The aspirate material showed cohesive parts composed of the cells that had oval or spindle-shaped nuclei and relatively abundant cytoplasm and some cells with plasmacytoid features. The background substance was fibromyxoid. PA was diagnosed based on the cytologic findings. Subsequently, parotidectomy was performed and NF was diagnosed based on histologic and immunohistochemical findings. NF in the parotid region is rare and may be misdiagnosed as other benign or malignant tumors of the parotid gland. The clinical history of rapid growth and the presence of mitoses and inflammatory cells help to distinguish NF from PA. In addition, immunohistochemical stains for smooth muscle actin and CD68 are useful to confirm the diagnosis of NF.</P>
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( Joon Hyung Jhi ),( Gwang Ha Kim ),( Ahrong Kim ),( Young-geum Kim ),( Cheong Su Hwang ),( Sojeong Lee ),( Bong Eun Lee ),( Geun Am Song ),( Do Youn Park ) 대한내과학회 2017 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.32 No.4
Background/Aims: Endoscopic resection (ER) is a well-established treatment modality for gastric epithelial neoplasm. However, there is a discrepancy between forceps biopsy and ER specimen pathology, including a negative pathologic diagnosis (NPD) after ER. It has been suggested that pit dysplasia (PD) is a subtype of gastric dysplasia, and the aim of this study was to assess the significance of PD in cases with NPD after ER for early gastric neoplasms. Methods: After ER, 29 NPD lesions that had an associated pretreatment forceps biopsy specimen, were correctly targeted during ER, and had no cautery artifact on the resected specimen were included in this study. Results: Sixteen lesions showed PD and 13 had no neoplastic pathology. The initial pretreatment forceps biopsy diagnoses of 29 NPD lesions were low-grade dysplasia (LGD) in 17 lesions, high-grade dysplasia (HGD) in seven lesions, and adenocarcinoma in five lesions, which after review were revised to PD in 19 lesions, LGD in four lesions, adenocarcinoma in two lesions, and no neoplastic pathology in four lesions. Overall, nine lesions (31%) were small enough to be removed by forceps biopsy, four NPD lesions (14%) were initially misinterpreted as neoplastic lesions, and 16 PD lesions (55%) were misinterpreted as NPD lesions on ER slides. Conclusions: Approximately half of the lesions initially diagnosed as LGD or HGD were subsequently classified as PD. Therefore, including PD as a subtype of gastric dysplasia could reduce the diagnostic discrepancy between initial forceps biopsy and ER specimens.
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Lee, So Jung,Hwang, Chung Su,Kim, Ahrong,Kim, Kyungbin,Choi, Kyung Un D.A. Spandidos 2016 Oncology letters Vol.12 No.2
<P>Leiomyomas and schwannomas of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are mainly comprised of spindle-shaped tumor cells and should always be differentiated from gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit (KIT) and discovered on GIST-1 (DOG1) are well-known diagnostic markers for the detection of a GIST by immunohistochemical staining. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and significance of spindle cell tumors of the GIT with KIT- or DOG1-positive spindle-shaped cells, presumed to be interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), other than GISTs. A total of 71 leiomyomas and 35 schwannomas were examined and clinicopathological information was obtained. KIT and DOG1 immunostaining was performed to determine the proportions of positive cells. Mutation screening of KIT exons 9, 11, 13 and 17, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA) exons 12 and 18 was performed in cases with a relatively high proportion of either KIT- or DOG1-positive cells. The frequency of leiomyomas and schwannomas with KIT- and DOG1-positive ICCs was 35.2% (25/71 cases) and 5.7% (2/35 cases), respectively. Among the esophageal leiomyomas with KIT- and DOG-positive ICCs (14/25; 56.0%), 5 leiomyomas involved the muscularis mucosa and 9 leiomyomas involved the muscularis propria. All gastric leiomyomas with KIT- and DOG1-positive ICCs (11/25; 44%) involved the muscularis propria. All schwannomas with an increased proportion of KIT- or DOG1-positive ICCs were of gastric origin. No KIT or PDGFRA mutations were detected in 7 leiomyomas and 2 schwannomas. In conclusion, the majority of leiomyomas and the minority of schwannomas in the GIT had a significant portion of KIT- and DOG1-positive cells. All of the tumors were located in the upper GIT, and could be present in the muscularis propria or muscularis mucosa. The tumors represented a non-neoplastic proliferation of KIT- and DOG1-positive cells in the GIT. Careful evaluation of KIT- or DOG1-positive cells in spindle cell tumors of the GIT can assist in forming the correct diagnosis by differentiation from a GIST.</P>
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Choi, Yuri,Won, Yeo-Jin,Lee, Sojeong,Kim, Ahrong,Kim, Younggeum,Park, Won-Young,Jo, Hong-Jae,Song, Geun Am,Kwon, Chae Hwa,Park, Do Youn Neoplasia Press 2018 Translational oncology Vol.11 No.3
<P><I>NTRK1</I> gene fusions, the targets of multikinase inhibitors, are promising therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, screening methods for detecting <I>NTRK1</I> gene fusions in CRC tissues have not been reported. In this study, we investigated the potential use of immunohistochemistry (IHC) for detecting <I>NTRK1</I> gene fusions. We performed and compared IHC with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in 80 CRC patients. TrkA immunostaining was observed to be both membranous and cytoplasmic and was scored semiquantitatively using staining intensity and proportions. The tumors were observed to be <I>NTRK1</I> gene fusion-positive when ≥20 out of 100 nuclei in FISH. A significant correlation between the IHC and FISH results for determination of the <I>NTRK1</I> gene fusions was observed. We measured the cytoplasmic TrkA expression, which showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.926 (range: 0.864-0.987, 95% CI, <I>P</I> = .001). By choosing 4.5 (sum of the intensity and proportion scores of cytoplasmic TrkA expression) as the cut-off value for the positive and negative <I>NTRK1</I> gene fusion groups, the sensitivity and specificity for predicting lymph node metastasis were 100 and 83.8%, respectively (<I>P</I> = .001). Specifically, high cytoplasmic TrkA expression (sum of intensity and proportion scores >4) was associated with the presence of <I>NTRK1</I> gene fusions (<I>P</I> < .0001, r = 0.528). Taken together, our data showed that IHC for TrkA can be used as an efficient screening method for detecting <I>NTRK1</I> gene fusions in CRC.</P>
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Park, Won-Young,Lee, So-Jeong,Kim, Young-Keum,Kim, Ahrong,Park, Do Youn,Lee, Bong-Eun,Song, Geun-Am,Kim, Gwang Ha Elsevier 2018 Pathology, research and practice Vol.214 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Aims</B></P> <P>Endoscopic resection is a safe and effective method to treat gastric epithelia dysplasia (GED). However, the development of metachronous and synchronous lesions after treatment has become a major concern. In this study, we investigated clinicopathologic features of 105 GED lesions from endoscopic resections between January 2008 and December 2009. Our goal is to find histologic factors that predict synchronous and metachronous lesions after ESD treatment. We assessed the degree of intestinal metaplasia (IM) and atrophy, type of IM, presence of gastritis cystica profunda, and crypt dysplasia in the adjacent mucosa.</P> <P><B>Methods and results</B></P> <P>We divided 105 GED lesions into three groups: a single group without metachronous or synchronous GED or adenocarcinoma (n=35); a multiple synchronous group (n=30, group with synchronous occurrence of GED or adenocarcinoma after treatment); and a multiple metachronous group (n=40, group with metachronous occurrence of GED or adenocarcinoma after treatment). The multiple metachronous and synchronous groups showed larger sizes (p=0.003) and higher grades (p=0.021) as compared with the single group. Furthermore, marked IM and atrophy in adjacent mucosa were more easily seen in the multiple metachronous and synchronous groups as compared with the single group (p<0.0001). Interestingly, the presence of incomplete type of IM (p=0.025) and crypt dysplasia (p<0.0001) in background mucosa was associated with occurrence of metachronous and synchronous lesions following endoscopic resection of GED.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>The histological features of background mucosa, such as intestinal metaplasia, atrophy, and crypt dysplasia could be used as indicators of occurrence of metachronous and synchronous lesions after endoscopic treatment of GED.</P>
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