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황아란(Ah-Ran Hwang),박수정(Soo-Jung Park) 한국비교정부학회 2012 한국비교정부학보 Vol.16 No.2
In analyzing the background and features of the US direct election system of the superintendent, this study is intended to present the implications of the US system for the Korean system. This study covers the following: firstly, the background of the US superintendent election system, the progressive era reforms from the late 19th century to the early 20th, and the characteristics of education reforms after 1980s; secondly, concrete contents and cases of the US non-partisan election, which is quite similar to the South Korean system, and the US running-mate system, which is recently considered as an alternative; thirdly, the implications of the US system for the Korean system. This study concludes with the recommendation that like the US current system that the authority of state governors has strengthened in order to enhance consistency and accountability of educational policies, the South Korean superintendent election system should be changed based on educational autonomy’s value and orientation.
S-14 Sphincter of Oddi function after EPLBD by endoscopic manometry.
( Ah Ran Kim ),( Young Koog Cheon ) 대한내과학회 2016 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1
Background and Aims: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation ( 8 mm in diameter) preserves sphincter of Oddi (SO) function. However, it is still unknown whether papillary function is preserved after endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD,312 mm in diameter). We investigated SO function after EPLBD with or without endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) by endoscopic manometry, up to 1 year post-procedure.?Methods: This was a prospective randomized study involving patients with bile duct stones 12 mm. Eighty-six patients who met the inclusion criteria were assigned randomly to either the EPLBD alone or EST with EPLBD groups, and endoscopic manometric studies were performed. The primary outcome was comparison of the manometric data between the two groups and within each group both 1 week and 1 year post-procedure.?Results: One week after EPLBD alone and EST with EPLBD, the basal pressure of SO dropped from 30.4 to 6.4 mmHg (p<.001) and 29.5 to 2.9 mmHg (p<.001), respectively. SO function was not recovered at 1 year, as the manometric measures were similar to those taken at the 1-week time point in both groups. Similar outcomes were obtained in patients with EPLBD alone compared with those with EST and EPLBD, including initial stone clearance rate (95.2% vs. 97.7%, p=.612), frequency of mechanical lithotripsy (21.4% vs. 13.6%), and overall complications (11.9% vs. 13.6%, p=1.0) including post-procedure pancreatitis rate (7.1% vs. 11.4%, p=.714). During an overall mean median follow-up of 18.9 17.8 months, the bile duct stone recurrence rate was 16.7% in EPLBD alone patients and 15.9% in EST with EPLBD patients (p=.924).?Conclusions: Both EPLBD alone and EST+EPLBD resulted in persistent and comparable loss of SO function after one year. EPLBD alone has similar efficacy and safety to those of EST with EPLBD with respect to removal of large stones.
Risk factors associated with repeated epidural blood patches using autologous blood
( Ah Ran Oh ),( Jungchan Park ),( Ji Seon Jeong ),( Jin Young Lee ),( Ji Won Choi ),( Hara Kim ),( Woo Seog Sim ) 대한통증학회 2022 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.35 No.2
Background: An epidural blood patch (EBP) is a procedure to treat intracranial hypotension that does not respond to conservative treatment. EBPs are commonly repeated when the symptoms persist. In this study, we used a large single-center retrospective cohort and evaluated the factors associated with repeated EBPs. Methods: From January 2010 to December 2020, a total of 596 patients were treated with EBPs for intracranial hypotension. We evaluated the factors associated with repeated EBPs in the entire population, in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), and in those with available myelographies. Results: In a total of 596 patients, 125 (21.1%) patients required repeated EBPs, and 96/278 (34.5%) in SIH and 29/314 (9.2%) in iatrogenic population. In patients with SIH, international normalized ratio (INR) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage on myelographies consistently exhibited significant associations (odds ratio [OR], 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.87; P = 0.043 and OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.28-3.69; P = 0.004). In patients with iatrogenic injury, INR and CSF leakage on myelogram did not show difference in repeated EBPs. Conclusions: Repeated EBPs may be more frequently required in patients with SIH. Prolonged INR and CSF leakage were associated with repeated EBPs in patient with SIH. Further studies are needed to determine factors associated with repeated EBP requirements.
( Ah Ran Kim ),( Kwang Ha Yoo ),( Kye Young Lee ),( Sun Jong Kim ),( Hee Joung Kim ),( Jun Hyun Kim ),( Yong A Rhyu ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2015 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.78 No.4
Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) is an inflammatory lung disease involving the distal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, bronchiolar ducts, and alveolae. The etiology is usually unknown; however, there are several known causes and associated systemic diseases. Corticosteroid therapy is the best treatment option and the prognosis of COP is good, with recovery in up to 80% of patients. We described a patient with in-operable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing chemoembolization with doxorubicin in a drug-eluting bead (DEB). COP developed in the patient after chemoembolization but resolved spontaneously in several months.