Effect of Feeding Complete Rations with Variable Protein and Energy Levels Prepared Using By-products of Pulses and Oilseeds on Carcass Characteristics, Meat and Meat Ball Quality of Goats

Agnihotri, M.K.,Rajkumar, V.,Dutta, T.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.10

Thirty six pre-weaned Barbari kids at 4 months age were reared on four rations computed using coarse cereal grains and by-products of pulses and oil seeds with Crude Protein (CP) and Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) of 12 and 55% (Low protein Low energy); 12 and 60% (Low protein High energy); 14 and 55% (High protein Low energy); and 14 and 60% (High protein High energy), respectively. After 180 days on feed, male animals ($4{\times}5=20$) were slaughtered to study the effect of diet on carcass characteristics and meat quality. To asses the effect, if any, of such diet on product quality, meat balls were prepared and evaluated for quality changes when fresh as well as during storage ($-20{\pm}1^{\circ}C$). Feeding a ration with CP12 and TDN 60% (LH) to kids produced animals with highest slaughter weight (20.3 kg) yielding higher carcass weight and dressing percentage, lean (65.6%) and fat (6.6%) contents with low bone and trim losses. Although total variety meat yield was markedly higher in HL, the non-carcass fat deposition was relatively higher in LH carcasses. The water activity ($a_w$) of fresh goat meat ranged from 0.994-0.995 and total cholesterol 72.8-90.5 mg/100 g meat. The pH was high in HL and HH meat resulting in decreased ($p{\leq}0.05$) extract release volume (ERV). Meat balls were prepared using meat obtained from goats fed different rations (treatments) and stored at $-20{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. They were evaluated on day 0 and months 1, 2, 3, 4 for physicochemical, microbiological and organoleptic changes. Overall moisture (%), $a_w$, TBA number and pH value were 67.9, 0.987, 0.17, 6.6 respectively and were not affected by treatments except pH that was significantly ($p{\leq}0.01$) lower on LH. As the storage period advanced moisture, pH, $a_w$ and TBA number increased irrespective of treatments. Feeding various diets had no marked effect on microbial load of meat balls but with increasing storage period Standard Plate Count (SPC) and psychrotrophs declined ($p{\leq}0.01$). Treatment LL and LH produced meat balls with better flavour.

Embodied violence, communalising women's sexuality in South Asia

Agnihotri, Indu Ewha Womans University Press 2000 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.6 No.4

초록없음

A Systematic Literature Survey of Software Metrics, Code Smells and Refactoring Techniques

Mansi Agnihotri,Anuradha Chug 한국정보처리학회 2020 Journal of information processing systems Vol.16 No.4

Software refactoring is a process to restructure an existing software code while keeping its external behavior the same. Currently, various refactoring techniques are being used to develop more readable and less complex codes by improving the nonfunctional attributes of software. Refactoring can further improve code maintainability by applying various techniques to the source code, which in turn preserves the behavior of code. Refactoring facilitates bug removal and extends the capabilities of the program. In this paper, an exhaustive review is conducted regarding bad smells present in source code, applications of specific refactoring methods to remove that bad smell and its effect on software quality. A total of 68 studies belonging to 32 journals, 31 conferences, and 5 other sources that were published between the years 2001 and 2019 were shortlisted. The studies were analyzed based on of bad smells identified, refactoring techniques used, and their effects on software metrics. We found that “long method”, “feature envy”, and “data class” bad smells were identified orcorrected in the majority of studies. “Feature envy” smell was detected in 36.66% of the total shortlisted studies. Extract class refactoring approach was used in 38.77% of the total studies, followed by the move method and extract method techniques that were used in 34.69% and 30.61% of the total studies, respectively. The effectsof refactoring on complexity and coupling metrics of software were also analyzed in the majority of studies, i.e., 29 studies each. Interestingly, the majority of selected studies (41%) used large open source datasets written in Java language instead of proprietary software. At the end, this study provides future guidelines for conductingresearch in the field of code refactoring.

Gender and nationality : Experiences of “foreign” women in colonial India during the war years

Indu Agnihotri 이화여자대학교 한국여성연구원 2021 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.27 No.3

This paper seeks to open up a field of enquiry and focus on encounters between the colonial regime in India and “foreign” women around the time of the World Wars. The terms on which trans-continental lives were negotiated came to be embedded in legal regimes which were continuously evolving. The interface of women and the colonial state needs to be studied from multiple sociopolitical locations. The lens of gender, generally invoked with reference to Indian women subjects, does not encompass the different categories of women with whom the state established formal juridical relations, through routes and relationships that had evolved over long periods of history. War and conflict led to the fracturing of the binary of Indian and foreign/ western women. Apart from British women, who traveled across the seas to “join” their families, there were other European women as well. Given the regulatory regimes of the times, their experiences were highly gendered and complex. Women from “hostile” countries came to be marked by their origins, identities and nationalities. Focusing on aspects of Citizenship and Gender, this paper underscores the need to trace these different trajectories, to uncover the layered experiences of “foreign” women, caught across borders in times of conflict.

Changing Terms of Political Discourse

INDU AGNIHOTRI,VINA AMZUMDAR 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2005 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 학술대회자료집 Vol.2005 No.-

Mothers for life? Exploring emotional vulnerability of Indian commercial surrogate mothers

Gupta Jyotsna Agnihotri,Bakker Suzanne Merlijn 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2022 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.28 No.1

In this article, we look at the predicament of Indian commercial surrogates and how they cope with the knowledge that the child they are carrying must be relinquished by them soon after delivery. How can a surrogate distance herself emotionally from the baby she is carrying? And to what extent is she supported by other surrogates, her family members and the social environment? Much has been written about the economic and social vulnerability of Indian surrogates. We would like to focus in particular on their emotional vulnerability. Following Rogers et al. (2012a), we ask what are the sources of these women’s vulnerability? How do they handle it? Our observations are based on literature review, and empirical research, the latter conducted by the second author in a clinic in South India. To conclude we suggest that the regulation in the making on surrogacy needs to be context and individual sensitive in order to address this aspect of their vulnerability.

Pharmacognostical Evaluation of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br.

Adarsh Kumar Agnihotri,Sayyada Khatoon,Manisha Agarwal,Ajay Kumar Singh Rawat,Shanta Mehrotra,Palpu Pushpangadan 한국생약학회 2004 Natural Product Sciences Vol.10 No.4

In India, Gymnema sylvestre due to the unique property of the plant to antagonize the sweet taste is known as ‘Gur-mar’. It has several ethnomedicinal values as various tribals/traditional communities and rural peoples of India find diverse medicinal uses viz. antidiabetic, stomachic, diuretic, and is useful in cough and throat troubles. Besides, it has strong effect on reducing blood sugar. The present communication deals with the detailed pharmacognostical evaluation of the aerial parts of G. sylvestre collected from three places of the country- Varanasi (U.P), Panchmarhi (M.P), Salem (Tami Nadu) and commercial sample procured from local market. The botanical and physico-chemical parameters of all the samples were quite similar though little variations were observed in foaming index, alcohol and water soluble extractives of local sample. The microscopic characteristics of the drug are horse shoe shaped petiole with 3 amphicribal vascular bundles, sieve tubes well developed; anomocytic stomata only on the abaxial surface of the leaf, the fan shapedamphicribal vascular bundle, presence of intraxylary phloem. The TLC fingerprint profile of all the samples was more or less similar only the quantity of some of the compounds varied.

Novel Trusted Hierarchy Construction for RFID Sensor–Based MANETs Using ECCs

Adarsh Kumar Agnihotri,Krishna Gopal,Alok Aggarwal 한국전자통신연구원 2015 ETRI Journal Vol.37 No.1

In resource-constrained, low-cost, radio-frequency identification (RFID) sensor–based mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), ensuring security without performance degradation is a major challenge. This paper introduces a novel combination of steps in lightweight protocol integration to provide a secure network for RFID sensor–based MANETs using error-correcting codes (ECCs). The proposed scheme chooses a quasi-cyclic ECC. Key pairs are generated using the ECC for establishing a secure message communication. Probability analysis shows that code-based identification; key generation; and authentication and trust management schemes protect the network from Sybil, eclipse, and de-synchronization attacks. A lightweight model for the proposed sequence of steps is designed and analyzed using an Alloy analyzer. Results show that selection processes with ten nodes and five subgroup controllers identify attacks in only a few milliseconds. Margrave policy analysis shows that there is no conflict among the roles of network members.

Parenthood in the era of Reproductive Outsourcing and Global Assemblages

GUPTA, Jyotsna Agnihotri Ewha Womans University Press 2012 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.18 No.1

Technologies to assist reproduction are deconstructing conventional scripts regarding age, parenting and sexuality. Helping individuals and infertile couples with a child wish has become a thriving global business. Women’s reproductive bodies and their reproductive body parts have been turned into commodities that are donated or traded. Several centers all over the world are dealing in reproductive body parts, and functioning as global assembly points. Advocates of surrogacy point out the advantages for both intending parents and surrogates, arguing for its regulation. Women’s health and rights advocates on the other hand argue that the practice commodifies women and should be legally banned. Feminists are divided in their response to these technologies, particularly over whether they enhance women’s agency and subjectivity or not. These developments and competing frameworks of analysis pose new challenges not only for women’s rights advocates, but also for sociologists researching on the family, health policy makers, legislators and bioethicists.

Quality and Shelf-life of Vacuum and Aerobic Packed Chevon Patties under Refrigeration

Rajkumar, V.,Agnihotri, M.K.,Sharma, N. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.4

Patties were prepared using Barbari male goats meat (age about 4 yrs) and packed in HDPE under vacuum (VP) and aerobically (AP). Packed patties were stored at 4$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ and evaluated for physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory changes on days 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25. Overall mean water activity ($a_{w}$), moisture (%), fat (%), pH, TBA number and W-B shear force values (kg/$cm^{2}$) of patties were 0.983, 61.93, 18.39, 6.38, 0.150 and 0.86, respectively. Except pH that was significantly higher and TBA number significantly lower in VP patties, treatment had no significant (p>0.05) effect on other physico-chemical traits. However, storage period significantly (p<0.05) affected physico-chemical traits. Moisture (63.79%) and $a_{w}$ (0.985) were significantly (p<0.05) higher on day 25. Patties became firmer on day 20 onwards as indicated by higher W-B shear force. Though packaging method had no significant effect, storage period influenced microbial counts. The standard plate counts (SPC), which were initially log 5.98 CFU/g decreased significantly (p<0.05) on day 10 followed by steady increase and reaching log 4.89 on day 25. Almost similar trend was observed for psychrotrophic bacteria counts. Lactic acid bacteria counts declined as the storage period progressed. Coliforms, and yeast and mould counts were either not detected by the method used or were very low in numbers. All samples of AP patties revealed swollen, greasy and sticky surface with spongy texture on day 20 whereas only some of the VP patties shown such changes on day 20. Results indicated that vacuum packaging had definite advantage in preserving the sensory quality of patties than aerobic packaging but it did not help in extending the shelf-life beyond 15 days.