Purification and Partial Characterization of a Lectin from the Fresh Leaves of Kalanchoe crenata (Andr.) Haw

Adenike, Kuku,Eretan, Oladiran Babalola Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2004 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.37 No.2

A haemagglutinating protein from the saline extracts of Kalanchoe crenata leaves, which agglutinate all human blood types, was purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-Cellulose column followed by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-100 column. The purified protein showed one band, both in non-denaturing PAGE and SDS-PAGE. The $M_r$ that was determined by SDS-PAGE was 44,000 Da and that estimated from gel filtration was 47,000. Treatment of the haemagglutinating protein with 5 mM EDTA diminished the haemagglutinating activity to 50% of the original level. The addition of divalent cations, 10 mM $Mg^{2+}$, 10 mM $Mn^{2+}$, or 10 mM $Ba^{2+}$, totally restored and enhanced the activity. The protein showed maximum activity over the 3-7 pH range and was heat-resistant. It was also a glycoprotein containing about 1.5% carbohydrate.

Effect of Production Batches of Antibiotics on In Vitro Selection Criterion for Potential Probiotic Candidates

Adenike A.O. Ogunshe 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Journal of medicinal food Vol.11 No.4

Fifty-four potential probiotic candidates were assayed for their phenotypic susceptibility to two batches of antibiotics manufactured by the same company, using the agar disc diffusion method on de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) agar. Cloxacillin was generally resisted (40.0–100%), while gentamicin (3.85–20.0%) was the least resisted antibiotic. The overall percentage differences among the potential probiotics in both batches of antibiotics were 76.5% in fermented foods, 67.3% in fermented beverages, and 53.9% in infantile fecal samples, respectively. There was slightly more overall resistance in batch 1 (46.1% and 46.7%) than in batch 2 (38.4% and 40.0%) of the test antibiotics except in the multiresistance of infantile probiotic candidates (53.8% and 61.5%, respectively). Six of the probiotic candidates did not have any corresponding matching similarity profile, while none of the 54 potential probiotics had 100% antibiogram similarity profiles in both batches of the test antibiotics, despite the fact that they met some other selection criteria such as inhibition of pathogenic bacteria and survival in simulated gastric and intestinal juices and bile. It is therefore suggested that, though routine antibiotic susceptibility testing has been advocated as an essential selection criterion for potential probiotic candidates, more than one batch of antibiotic discs be used in the phenotypic antibiotic screening in developing countries like Nigeria, in order not to lose the most promising indigenous probiotic candidates, since most of the antibiotics used for antibiotic susceptibility studies are imported into the country and their origin cannot be currently fully ascertained.

Development of ibuprofen microspheres using acetylated plantain starches as polymer for sustained release

Adenike Okunlola,Tokoni Ghomorai 한국약제학회 2018 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.48 No.5

Ibuprofen has a short half-life (1–3 h) and is typically administered 3–4 times daily with subsequent adverse side effects. A good approach to reduce these effects is the preparation of sustained-release formulations of ibuprofen. Acetylated starches form water-insoluble, acid-resistant films that can substantially retard drug release. Ibuprofen microspheres were prepared using acetylated plantain starch as sustained-release polymer. Starch obtained from unripe plantain (Musa Paradisiaca normalis) were acetylated using acetic anhydride with pyridine (degrees of substitution, DS 1.5 ± 0.05 and 2.20 ± 0.10). The starches were characterized using morphology, crystallinity, swelling, density and flow properties. Ibuprofen microspheres were prepared by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method, using acetylated plantain starches DS 1.5 and 2.20 in comparison to Eudragit S100. Full 32 factorial experimental design was performed with polymer type ( X1), polymer: drug ratio ( X2) as independent factors; microsphere size, entrapment, and quantity of drug released in 12 h ( Q12) were dependent variables. The data from in vitro drug release were fitted to various kinetic models. Acetylation resulted in larger starch aggregates with disruption in crystalline order. Ibuprofen microspheres were spherical with size 5.50 ± 4.00–129.90 ± 12.97 μm. Drug entrapment was 43.92 ± 4.00–79.91 ± 6.15%. Values of Q12 ranged from 20.10 ± 0.55 to 54.00 ± 5.71%. Interaction between variables X1 and X2 had positive effects on size and entrapment. Drug release fitted zero order, first order and Baker-Lonsdale kinetic models. Acetylated starch of plantain with DS 2.20 was suitable as a polymer at polymer:drug ratio 4:1 for the formulation of ibuprofen microspheres with prolonged drug release.

Purification and Partial Characterization of a Lectin from the Fresh Leaves of Kalanchoe crenata (Andr.) Haw

( Kuku Adenike ),( Oladiran Babalola Eretan ) 생화학분자생물학회 2004 BMB Reports Vol.37 No.2

A haemagglutinating protein from the saline extracts of Kalanchoe crenata leaves, which agglutinate all human blood types, was purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-Cellulose column followed by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-100 column. The purified protein showed one band, both in non-denaturing PAGE and SDS-PAGE. The M, that was determined by SDS-PAGE was 44,000 Da and that estimated from gel filtration was 47,000. Treatment of the haemagglutinating protein with 5 mM EDTA diminished the haemagglutinating activity to 50% of the original level. The addition of divalent cations, 10mM Mg^(2+), 10 mM Mn^(2+), or 10 mM Ba^(2+), totally restored and enhanced the activity. The protein showed maximum activity over the 3-7 pH range and was heat-resistant. It was also a glycoprotein containing about 1.5 % carbohydrate.

Biochar in combination with compost reduced Pb uptake and enhanced the growth of maize in lead (Pb)-contaminated soil exposed to drought stress

Sifau Adenike Adejumo,Dorcas Omotayo Arowo,Mary Bosede Ogundiran,Prashant Srivastava 한국작물학회 2020 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.23 No.3

Crops are constantly faced with the challenges of diff erent abiotic stresses on the fi eld. Development of sustainable approach for stress amelioration on crop is pertinent. This study investigated the ameliorative roles of biochar and compost on maize crop simultaneously subjected to drought and heavy metal (Pb) stresses. Metal stress was imposed by growing maize on Pb-contaminated soil while drought stress was imposed by reducing the soil fi eld capacity to 25 and 50%. Four levels (0, 5, 10 and 15 t/ha) of biochar and compost replicated three times as well as their combinations were used. Pb uptake, translocation factors, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes (proline and cysteine), biomass accumulation in stressed maize crop, and post-cropping soil Pb concentration were determined. Combination of stresses reduced biomass accumulation in maize. Biochar in combination with compost, however, enhanced biomass production in stressed maize crop by 50–75% compared to unamended soil (control). Proline accumulation was more under the single stress of heavy metal (100% FC) compared to combined stresses. Unlike proline, combined stresses of Pb and 50% FC enhanced chlorophyll and cysteine accumulation more than single stress. Their concentrations were further increased with amendments compared to control. Pb accumulation in maize crop was more under combined stresses than single stress (100% FC). Compared to other soil amendments, application of biochar alone at 10 t/ha, generally reduced Pb uptake by maize and post-cropping soil Pb concentration. Biochar and compost reduced Pb uptake, and enhanced biomass and osmolyte production in stressed maize crop.

Effect of supplementary lighting on nutrient recovery of Ocimum basilicum and fishes in a polyculture aquaponic system

Azeezat Adenike Junaid,Mohd Salleh Kamarudin,Wahab Puteri Edaroyati,Quazim Olawale Junaid,Victor Tosin Okomoda,Mohammed Sani Isyaka,Yusuf Adewale Adejola,Danladi Mohammed Umar,Sarker Mohd Nurul Amin 한국수산과학회 2023 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.26 No.8

The effects of prolonged photoperiod (additional night lighting) were investigated on the production of Ocimum basilicum (lemon basil) and fish/crayfish raised in a nutrient film technique aquaponic system. Hybrid lemon fin barb and red claw crayfish juveniles were co-cultured with O. basilicum and subjected to 12 h of ambient natural daylight and additional 0, 4, 8, and 12 h of night lighting for 14 weeks (two batches of 7 weeks each). The water quality parameters and the performance characteristics of the fish/crayfish/plant were evaluated, and the nutrient uptake (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) in the system by the three organisms was also measured. The fish growth performance showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in all the growth parameters measured across the treatments. The body proximate and nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium (NPK) composition of the fish and crayfish were not significantly (p > 0.05) different across the treatments. Similarly, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the NPK uptake by the fish and crayfish across the treatments. The plant growth performance showed that there were no significant (p > 0.05) differences in the plant growth parameters measured, except for % plant height gained in the 12 h-light treatment (403.2 ± 26.0%) which was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than other treatments and cycles. Hence, this study demonstrated that varying supplementary night lighting has no significant effect on the growth performance of O. basilicum, hybrid lemon fin barb, and red claw crayfish. This study, therefore, suggests that supplementary night lighting should not be considered for O. basilicum production as it does not significantly improve the performance characteristics of the plant nor the fish co-cultured with it in a polyculture aquaponic system.

SPECTRUM CONVOLUTION OF FULL TRANSFORMATION SEMIGROUP

Adeniji, Adenike Olusola The Honam Mathematical Society 2019 호남수학학술지 Vol.41 No.3

In this paper, some results are obtained from studying convolution on the spectrum of full transformation semigroup and some of its subsemigroups using Cayley's table. The shift of ${\alpha}$ determines its eigenvalues and one-dimensional linear convolution is complex in Symmetric group.

Media Improvisation of Lecturers in the State-Owned Colleges of Education in the South-West, Nigeria

Babatunde Oyeyemi Ogunwuyi,Omoike Adenike 건국대학교 GLOCAL(글로컬)캠퍼스 지식콘텐츠연구소 2022 International Journal of Knowledge Content Develop Vol.12 No.3

Media improvisation among lecturers in colleges is inevitable because of insufficient media resources for utilization. The study investigated media improvisation in the state -owned colleges of education in the South-West, Nigeria. The study is anchored on Media Richness Theory. Stratified sampling technique was adopted to select 812 lecturers. Media improvisation scale (r = .71) was used for data collection and T-test statistical method was adopted for data analysis. The result showed that there was no significant differences between media improvisation of Art/Social Science and Science lecturers (Crit – t = 1.96, Cal. t = 821, df = 278, p>.05) and that of lecturers in the School of Art/Social Sciences and Vocational/Technical Education (Crit. t = 1.96, Cal. t = .136, df = 276, p>.05). Significant difference did not exit between that of the Schools of Languages and Education (Crit. t = 1.96, Cal. t = 1.946, dif. = 288 p<.05) . It is recommended that media improvisation of lecturers in schools should be encouraged and improved upon.

Phytochemicals from Kigelia pinnata Leaves Show Antioxidant and Anticancer Potential on Human Cancer Cell Line

Olubunmi Atolani,Gabriel A. Olatunji,Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi,Adekunle J. Adeniji,Omonike O. Ogbole 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.10

Studies suggest that the traditional applications of Kigelia pinnata leaves have beneficial effects against oxidative stress–mediated diseases and cancers. The pulverized dried leaves of K. pinnata were extracted with hexane, ethylacetate, and methanol sequentially, and the crude extracts were fractionated by silica gel column chromatography with solvent gradient of increasing polarity. 3-hydro-4,8-phytene, trans-phytol, (9Z,12Z)-methyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate, and two oil fractions were obtained. The chemical compositions of chromatographic fractions were determined using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. The structure elucidations of the isolated compounds were based on FTIR, MS, and NMR spectral data analyses. These along with the crude extracts were examined for their antioxidant activities using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, and 2,2-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS) assays. Total phenolic contents were also determined. The crude extracts and purified compounds were evaluated on the rhabdomyosarcoma human cancer cell for their cytotoxicity using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assays. The methanol extract was richer in phenolics and was most potent as antioxidant and cytotoxic agent among all the substances tested. Among the fractions and pure compounds, the two oil fractions showed more cytotoxicity potency, with IC50s of 143.4 – 0.5 and 147.9 – 1.3 ng/mL, which is more significant than the reference standard, cyclophosphamide (165.6 – 1.0 ng/mL). 3-hydro-4,8-phytene showed lower antioxidant and cytotoxicity potential (IC50 = 1818 – 5.2 lg/mL and 171.7 – 0.8 ng/mL, respectively). Trans-phytol did not show a high cytotoxic power (IC50 =769.8 – 4.3 ng/mL). The comparatively high cytotoxicity index of (9Z, 12Z)-methyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate (IC50 = 153.3 –0.1 ng/mL) indicated that it may be one of the principal cytotoxic agent in the ethyl acetate extract. These results suggest that the leaves of K. pinnata possess tumor cytotoxic potential and could be part of a drug combination for future cancer chemotherapy.

Functional Bioactivities of Soluble Seed Proteins from Two Leguminous Seeds

Taiwo Scholes Adewole,Boluwatife Bolanle Dudu,Johnson Olaleye Oladele,Oyedotun Moses Oyeleke,Adenike Kuku 한국식품영양과학회 2023 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.28 No.2

Storage proteins from Sphenostylis stenocarpa and Phaseolus lunatus were fractionated, and their in vitro bioactivitieswere investigated. Albumin, globulin, prolamin, and glutelin constituents of the respective seeds were successivelyfractionated using the modified Osborne method. Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (1 mM) was used as a protease inhibitor. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory activities of the protein fractions were evaluatedusing different appropriate techniques. Globulin was the predominant fraction, with a yield of 43.21±0.01% and 48.19±0.03% for S. stenocarpa and P. lunatus, respectively, whereas prolamin was not detected in both seeds. The protein fractionmarkedly scavenges hydroxyl radicals, nitric oxide radicals, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryldydrazyl radicals with concomitanthigh free radical-reducing power. Albumin and globulin fractions elicited the highest acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory potentialof 48.75% and 49.75%, respectively, indicating their great application potential in managing neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, the albumin, globulin, and glutelin fractions of these underutilized legumes showed great analepticbioactivities, which could be utilized as health-promoting dietary supplements/products.