Predicting the Impact of Subsurface heterogeneous Hydraulic Conductivity on the Stochastic Behavior of Well Draw down in a Confined Aquifer Using Artificial Neural Networks

Abdin Alaa El-Din,Abdeen Mostafa A. M. The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 2005 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.19 No.8

Groundwater flow and behavior have to be investigated based on heterogeneous subsurface formation since the homogeneity assumption of this formation is not valid. Over the past twenty years, stochastic approach and Monte Carlo technique have been utilized very efficiently to understand the groundwater flow behavior. However, these techniques require lots of computational and numerical efforts according to the various researchers' comments. Therefore, utilizing new techniques with much less computational efforts such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in the prediction of the stochastic behavior for the groundwater based on heterogeneous subsurface formation is highly appreciated. The current paper introduces the ANN technique to investigate and predict the stochastic behavior of a well draw down in a confined aquifer based on subsurface heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity. Several ANN models are developed in this research to predict the unsteady two dimensional well draw down and its stochastic characteristics in a confined aquifer. The results of this study showed that ANN method with less computational efforts was very efficiently capable of simulating and predicting the stochastic behavior of the well draw down resulted from the continuous constant pumping in the middle of a confined aquifer with subsurface heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity.

ANN Model for Predicting the Impact of Submerged Aquatic Weeds Existence on the Hydraulic Performance of Branched Open Channel SystemAccompanied by Water Structures

Alaa E. Abdin,Mostafa A. M. Abdeen 대한기계학회 2007 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.21 No.7

Predicting the Impact of Subsurface heterogeneous Hydraulic Conductivity on the Stochastic Behavior of Well Draw down in a Confined Aquifer Using Artificial Neural Networks

Alaa El-Din Abdin,Mostafa A. M. Abdeen 대한기계학회 2005 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.19 No.8

Groundwater flow and behavior have to be investigated based on heterogeneous subsurface formation since the homogeneity assumption of this formation is not valid. Over the past twenty years, stochastic approach and Monte Carlo technique have been utilized very efficiently to understand the groundwater flow behavior. However, these technique require lots of computational and numerical efforts according to the various researchers' comments. Therefore, utilizing new techniques with much less computational efforts such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in the prediction of the stochastic behavior for the groundwater based on heterogeneous subsurface formation is highly appreciated. The current paper introduces the ANN technique to investigate and predict the stochastic behavior of a well draw down in a confined aquifer based on subsurface heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity. Several ANN models are developed in this research to prediet the unsteady two dimensional well draw down and its stochastic characteristics in a confined aquifer. The results of this study showed that ANN method with less computational efforts was very efficiently capable of simulating and predicting the stochastic behavior of the well draw down resulted from the continuous constant pumping in the middle of a confined aquifer with subsurface heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity.

Hepatoprotective effect of kasni against aflatoxin B₁ induced hepatic damage in mice

Naaz Farah,Abdin MZ,Javed Saleem Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2006 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.6 No.3

The efficacy of alcoholic extract of Kasni (Cichorium intybus L.) to control hepatic damage induced by aflatoxin $B_1$ was explored in Swiss albino mice. Aflatoxin $B_1$ was administered orally to the mice with a daily dose of $66.6{\mu}g/kg$ body weight till three months. A signifi-cant increased in thio barbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels with concomitant reduction in enzymatic (glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) and nonenzymatic (reduced glutathione) antioxidants were shown in aflatoxin treated group of mice. However, there was a significant reduction in increased TBARS levels and elevation in enzymatic. and non enzymatic antioxidant levels in group of mice which received alcoholic extract of kasni (300 mg/kg bw / day) along with aflatoxin. Histopathological analysis of liver samples also confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of kasni extract. These results suggest that kasni shows hepatoprotective effect against aflatoxin $B_1$ induced hepatic damage in mice.

Effect of oil and aqueous extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica) seeds on growth of Aspergillus species and biosynthesis of aflatoxin

Rashid, Faraz,Naaz, Farah,Abdin, MZ,Zafar, Shadab,Javed, Saleem Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2005 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.5 No.4

Aflatoxin contamination is a major problem in several food crops. Aflatoxin, a mycotoxin, produced by Aspergillus flavus has gained immense concern in the scientific world because of its tremendous harmful effects. The study was focused to see the effect of oil and aqueous extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) seeds on the growth of Aspergillus and production of aflatoxin by the mold. Various amounts of neem oil $(5\;-\;50\;{\mu}l/ml)$ and aqueous extract of neem (5 - 50 mg/ml) were used both in the broth as well as the solid medium. Fungistatic (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFC) were found to be $10\;{\mu}l/ml$ and $50\;{\mu}l/ml$ respectively for neem seed oil. At the concentration of $5\;{\mu}l/ml$ neem oil and 5 mg/ml of aqueous extract, a significant decrease in the aflatoxin content was found in broth medium. Aflatoxin production was totally inhibited at $50\;{\mu}l/ml$ and 50 mg/ml for neem oil and aqueous extract of neem respectively, in both treatments. There was significant inhibition of mycelium dry weight by the neem seed oil. Mycelial growth was totally inhibited at $20\;{\mu}l/ml$ of neem seed oil concentration in broth, whereas it was not affected at all by aqueous extract. It can therefore be inferred that the oil and extract from the neem seed leads to inhibition of aflatoxin production while neem seed oil also significantly inhibits the mycelial growth. Neem seed oil thus can be used as potent, natural and easily available anti-aflatoxigenic agent.

Oil Biosynthesis and its Related Variables in Developing Seeds of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) as Influenced by Sulphur Fertilization

Inayat S. Fazili,Malik Z. Abdin,Muzain Masoodi,Saif Ahmad,아샤드자말,Jafar S. Khan 한국작물학회 2010 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.13 No.1

The aim of this research was to study the effect of sulphur (S) fertilization on oil biosynthesis and its related variables at various stages of seed development, and to find possible explanations for increased oil content in the seeds of mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss) due to S fertilization. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity and contents of oil, acetyl-CoA, soluble protein, total RNA,total sugar and sulphur were determined in the developing seeds of mustard grown in the field with sulphur (+S) and without sulphur (-S). The period between 10 to 30 days after flowering was observed as the active period of oil accumulation in the developing seeds of mustard. The accumulation of the oil was preceded by a marked rise in acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity and acetyl-CoA concentration,which declined rapidly when oil accumulation reached a plateau. Total sugar content decreased, while protein content increased during the active period of oil accumulation in the developing seeds (i.e. between 10-30 days after flowering). Sulphur fertilization significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the oil accumulation in the developing seeds at all the growth stages. The increase in the oil content was 5-63% with S fertilization over the control treatment. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity and contents of acetyl-CoA,soluble protein, total RNA and sugar were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the developing seeds of +S-treated plants compared to -S-treated plants. It is suggested that the increase in the oil content with sulphur fertilization may be associated with the increases in acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity through the enhancement of acetyl-CoA concentration. Further, the increased sugar content due to S fertilization provided enough carbon source and energy for oil biosynthesis.

Effect of Nitrogen and Sulphur Application on Nitrate Reductase and ATP-sulphurylase Activities in Soybean

Jamal Arshad,Fazli Inayat Saleem,Ahmad Saif,Abdin Malik Zainul,Yun Song-Joong The Korean Society of Crop Science 2006 Korean journal of crop science Vol.51 No.4

A number of field experiments were conducted to assess the role of combined application of nitrogen and sulfur to increase the seed and oil yield of nonnodulating soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr.) cv. PK-416 $(V_1)$ and cv. PK-1024 $(V_2)$. Six combinations of N and S in three replicates each were used for this purpose i.e. $0\;S+23.5kg\;N\;ha^{-1}(T_1);\;0\;S+23.5+20kg\;N \;ha^{-1}(T_2);\;40\;S+23.5kg\;N\;ha^{-1}(T_3);\;40\;S+23.5+20kg\;N\;ha^{-1}(T_4);\;20+20\;S+23.5kg\;N\;ha^{-1}(T_5);\;20+20\;S+23.5+20kg\;N\;ha^l(T_6)$. Nitrate reductase (NR) and ATP-sulphurylase activities in the leaves were measured at various growth stages as the two enzymes catalyze the rate limiting steps of the assimilatory pathways of nitrate and sulphate, respectively. The activities of these enzymes were strongly correlated with seed yield. The higher seed, oil and protein yields were achieved with the treatment $T_6$ in both the cultivars due to optimization of NR activity and ATP-sulphurylase activity, as these parameters were influenced by N and S assimilation. Any variation from this combination was observed to decrease the activity of these enzymes resulting in reductions in the seed, oil and protein yield of soybean.

Short Communication : Inheritance of Grain Filling Duration in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell)

( Kamaluddin ),( Rishi Muni Singh ),( Malik Zainul Abdin ),( Mather Ali Khan ),( Tanweer Alam ),( Salim Khan ),( Lal Chand Prasad ),( Arun Kumar Joshi ) 한국식물학회 2007 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.50 No.4

To understand the genetic control of grain filling duration (GFD), i.e., the number of days from anthesis to physiological maturity, we studied the F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 generations of six spring wheat crosses from nine varieties/genotypes. Generation mean analysis for gene effects indicated that one or more types of epistasis were significant in all crosses. In each pairing, the F1 and F2 means were either intermediate or closer to the mean of the parent having the longer GFD. Our narrow-sense heritability estimate was reasonably high, at 47.67 (based on diallel analysis). This demonstrated that progress could be made from the selection in these crosses for either long or short GFD. The two early varieties that had identical maturity durations differed in their GFD values, indicating that maturity dates are not good criteria when choosing parents for modifying GFD. To utilize favorable additive × additive effects during this selection, we suggest that a single seed descent (SSD) or bulk opulation approach be adopted. In comparison, dominance effects would prove quite useful in hybrid wheat breeding programs.

Interactive Effect of Nitrogen and Sulphur on Yield and Quality of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)

Jamal Arshad,Fazli Inayat Saleem,Ahmad Saif,Abdin Malik Zainul The Korean Society of Crop Science 2006 Korean journal of crop science Vol.51 No.6

Randomized field experiments were conducted to study the interactive effect of sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) on seed, oil and protein yield of two cultivars of groundnut {Arachis hypogea: cv Amber $(V_{1})$: cv Kaushal, $(V_{2})$.} Two dosage levels of sulphur ($0\;and\;20kg\;ha^{-1}$) and two dosage levels of N ($23.5\;and\;43.5kg\;ha^{-1}$) in various combinations were tested as micronutrient treatments, $T_{1},\;T_{2},\;and\;T_{3}$. Results indicated significant enhancement of the yield components namely seed and oil yield as well as seed protein. Maximum response was observed with treatment $T_{3}$(having 20kg S and 43.5kg N $ha^{-1})$. Increase in seed and oil yields of 90% and 103% in $V_{1}$, and 79 and 90% in $V_{2}$, respectively were recorded as compared to the control treatment $T_{1}$(having 0kg S and 23.5kg N $ha^{-1}$). Effect of S and N interaction was observed on protein, N and S content in seeds. The results obtained by these experiments clearly suggest that judicious balanced application of N and S could improve the yield.

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Complications - Our Experience

( Zhanar Kaidar ),( Erlan Sultangereev ),( Galymzhan Aubakirov ),( Zhazylbek Abdin ),( Asset Elemesov ),( Bazylbek Zhakiev ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: The aim is to analysis of the complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LCE). Methods: Retrospectively analyzed 1412 LCE, which performed between 2009-2016. The indication to LCE was gallbladder stone (GS). 914 patients (64,7%) had GS with acute cholecystitis, 498 (45,3%) - chronic cholecystitis. Average age was 49,5±0,37 year. Woman - 81,4% (n=1150), man - 18,6% (n=262). Results: Complications occurred in 31 (2,2%) patients. The conversion was in 46 (3,26%) cases. Cause of conversions: infiltrative process of HDL - 34 cases (73,9%), bile duct injure - 5 (10,8%), liver abscess detection - 1 (2,1%), atypical cystic artery - 1 (2,1%), bleeding - 4 (8,6%), duodenum injure - 1 (2,1%). Early postoperative complications: bile leakage - 9 patients (in 5 patients stopped own), bleeding - 2, sub-hepatic infiltrate - 4, choleperitonitis - 3. Three patients had relaparoscopy due to bile leakage from cystic duct stump (1 case) and bleeding from cystic artery (2). Reasons of early 4 laparotomy were postoperative bleeding - 1 patient, bile leakage - 3 cases. Abdominal wall wound inflammatory complications were 1,9% (after LCH for acute cholecystites). After LCE 1 patient died due to pulmonary artery tromboemboly. Those, after LCE complications causes were: Inflammatory tissue infiltration in the subhepatic area with acute cholecystitis, adhesions and scarring in chronic process hinders the visualization of anatomical structures. The atypical anatomical structure of the extrahepatic bile ducts and liver vessels. Risk factors of complications include older age, obesity, long duration of GB disease. Conclusions: The study of the causes of intraoperative and early postoperative complications of LCE can eliminate risk factors that contribute to it development. Careful comprehensive preoperative examination to the prediction of the complexity of surgical intervention will improve immediate results of all LCE.