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Alemu Gonfa Robi,Negussie Megersa,Tetemke Mehari,Diriba Muleta,Young-Mog Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.24 No.2
The object of this study was to analyze the major bioactive components and to evaluate biological activity of Mandillo [Crassocephalum macropappum (Sch.Bip. ex. A.Rich.) S. Moore], an Ethiopian endemic herbaceous plant. The stem, leaf, and aerial parts of this plant were separately extracted using different solvents before which various biological assays were performed. The ethanolic extract of aerial part showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents (101.48 ㎎ gallic acid equivalents/g and 293.25 ㎎ quercetin equivalent/g, respectively). Interestingly, a phytochemical screening assay revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, anthraquinones, steroids, terpenoids, and flavonoids in the aerial part. The aerial part was also shown to have a strong 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl scavenging potential (IC50≤100 ㎍/mL) and a promising protective activity against oxidative DNA damage. Thus, the results of the present study reveal Mandillo contains highly bioactive components, and these properties may be as an antioxidant and to prevent oxidative DNA damage.
GETACHEW ALEMU,MINGKUI WANG,BINGYAN ZHANG,JUNPENG LI,XIAOBAO XU,JIN CUI,YAN SHEN 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2014 NANO Vol.9 No.5
The power conversion e±ciency of p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) is determined by thekinetics of hole injection and dye-regeneration reaction at the dye/electrolyte interface. In thiswork, the photochemical regeneration kinetics of dye adsorbed on CuCrO 2 mesoporous ¯lm wasinvestigated by using scanning electrochemical microscopy with feedback mode. Organic P1 andC343 sensitizers in combination with iodide-based and thiolate-based electrolytes were selected tounderstand the e®ect of sensitizers and redox shuttles on dye-regeneration process. A fast re-generation kinetic rate constant was con¯rmed in thiolate-based sample compared with iodide-based electrolyte, indicating that the organic redox shuttle was an e±cient mediator to optimizethe performance of p-type DSSC.
흙의 동상 민감도 특성 정의를 위한 동결융해 시험 방법에 관한 연구
Yonathan Alemu Yami,박용부,박종배,노승현 한국도로학회 2022 한국도로학회논문집 Vol.24 No.5
PURPOSES : The aim of this study is to review freeze-and-thaw testing apparatuses, develop a freeze-and-thaw testing setup with a test protocol, test the freeze-and-thaw properties of soils collected from different parts of South Korea, and suggest an index for frost susceptibility criteria for soils found in South Korea. METHODS : Based on a literature review, a new freeze-thaw testing setup was developed. In addition, a test protocol was developed for freeze-thaw testing. Soils collected from different parts of South Korea and bedding sand used for block pavements were tested to determine whether the measurements from the newly developed test setup could capture important freeze-thaw characteristics of the soils. Finally, to develop local frost susceptibility criteria, a parameter including both the vertical deformation and thermal conductivity characteristics of the soils was suggested. RESULTS : The results from the laboratory experiments indicate that the newly developed freeze-and-thaw setup captures the required parameters to quantify the responses of soils subjected to cyclic freeze-and-thaw testing. In addition, a vertical deformation of up to 2.437 mm is measured. Moreover, seven soils out of the nine tested soils are classified as having a medium frost susceptibility, whereas the remaining two show low frost susceptibility. The bedding sand experiment also shows that there is a possibility of having a frost susceptible condition based on the moisture content. When submerged, the bedding sand is classified as having a medium frost susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS : The "HEART" freeze-thaw testing setup was able to capture the parameters required for evaluating the frost susceptibility of soils. This setup and testing procedure could be further used to test and prepare criteria for classifying the frost susceptibility of soils found in South Korea.
Regassa, Alemu,Kim, Woo Kyun Published for the International Federation for Cel 2013 Cell biology international Vol.37 No.9
<P>We have examined the effect of oleic acid (OA) concentrations and incubation time, along with chicken serum (CS), on adipogenic differentiation and expression of adipogenic transcripts in hen preadipocytes. Preadipocytes were treated with (i) an adipogenic cocktail (DMI) containing 500?nM dexamethasone, 0.5?mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and 20??g/mL insulin alone and DMI?+?75, 150, 300 or 600??M OA for 48?h; (ii) DMI?+?300??M OA (DMIOA) for 6, 12, 24 or 48?h; and (iii) foetal bovine serum (FBS), CS, DMI?+?FBS, DMI?+?CS, DMIOA?+?FBS and DMIOA?+?CS. While FABP4 was significantly expressed with increasing concentrations of OA, the expression of C/EBPβ, LEPR and FAS were unchanged compared with the control. PPARγ2 expression was unchanged across all time-points. A significantly higher level of C/EBPα was measured at 48?h, but the levels of C/EBPβ increased after 12?h. Levels of FABP4 significantly increased with the time of incubation after 12?h, but that of LPL was reduced (P?<?0.05) at 6, 24 and 48?h. FABP4 was highly expressed in cells treated with CS, DMI?+?CS and DMIOA?+?CS compared to cells treated with FBS, DMI?+?FBS and DMIOA?+?FBS. In conclusion, increased concentrations of OA and incubation time increases lipid accumulation; FABP4 and C/EBPβ are potential transcription factors regulating OA induced adipogenesis of fat cells obtained from laying hen. CS is a potent inducer of adipogenic differentiation in hen preadipocytes.</P>
Effects of Corruption on FDI Inflow in Asian Economies
Aye Mengistu Alemu 서울대학교 경제연구소 2012 Seoul journal of economics Vol.25 No.4
This study offers fresh insights on and investigates the effects of corruption on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow from 1995 to 2009 in 16 Asian economies. The empirical result suggests that a 1 percent increase in corruption level triggers an approximately 9.1 percentage point decrease in FDI inflow. Thus, some of the arguments that corruption does not keep FDI out of corrupt countries are either flawed or invalid. The results of this study suggest that some of the countries characterized by a high level of corruption but have remarkable FDI inflows could even double their inward FDIs if they manage to reduce the present pervasive level of corruption.
Does antiretroviral therapy cause congenital malformations? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Fekadu Mazengia Alemu,Alemayehu Worku Yalew 한국역학회 2021 Epidemiology and Health Vol.43 No.-
OBJECTIVES: This meta-analysis investigated the risk of congenital anomalies among infants of human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women who were exposed to antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS: Cohort studies, case-control studies, randomized controlled trials, and controlled clinical trials were reviewed by searching MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, AIDSLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Google/Google Scholar. Methodological quality was assessed using the GRADE evaluation. A DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was used. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were used to investigate heterogeneity. RESULTS: The electronic searches yielded 765 items. After quality assessment and grading, 30 studies were suitable for meta-analysis. In total, 1,461 congenital anomalies were found among 53,186 births. Children born to women receiving combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) had an approximately 10% higher risk of developing congenital anomalies (relative risk [RR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.14). A subgroup analysis found no significant difference in the risk of congenital anomalies between cART and efavirenz users. However, zidovudine and protease inhibitor (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.19) users were found to have a 10% increased risk of congenital anomalies, and integrase inhibitor users had a 60% increase in risk (RR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.60 to 2.43). The subgroup results should be interpreted cautiously because of the moderate heterogeneity (I2=58%). CONCLUSIONS: The use of protease inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, zidovudine, and newer drugs should be carefully considered in pregnant women. Further studies are needed to address environmental, nutrition, and adherence factors related to ART. Establishing a congenital anomalies surveillance system is recommended.