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Gopal Selvakumar,Pyoung Ho Yi,Seong Eun Lee,Seung Gab Han 한국원예학회 2018 원예과학기술지 Vol.36 No.6
Green manures and compost have been widely used as alternatives to chemical fertilizers. Thepresent study aimed to assess the changes in red pepper (Capsicum annuum) yield, soil properties,and soil enzyme activities under organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer management. Thetreatments used here were chemical fertilizer (CF), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.) residue with CF(HV+N), and livestock compost (LC). The same amount of nitrogen was applied in all treatments. In general, all fertilization treatments significantly increased red pepper growth, yield, and macronutrientcontent compared to the control (CON); however, no differences were observed among the fertilizationtreatments. The phosphorous uptake rate was significantly higher in the HV+N treatment than theLC treatment. Post-experiment soil analysis showed that the LC application significantly increasedsoil organic matter, electrical conductivity, and available phosphorus content compared to the CF orHV+N treatments. The CF treatment significantly increased the nitrate content in the soil. TheHV+N and LC treatments significantly increased soil dehydrogenase activity. The CF treatmentresulted in significantly higher urease activity in the soil; whereas there were no differences in β-glucosidase and phosphatase enzyme activities among the treatments. These results suggest that theaddition of hairy vetch residue to inorganic fertilizer, or a compost application, can increase enzymeactivities while providing similar crop yield to those obtained with a chemical fertilizer application.
Gopal, Selvakumar,Chandrasekaran, Murugesan,Shagol, Charlotte,Kim, Ki-Yoon,Sa, Tong-Min Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2012 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.45 No.4
Microorganisms present in the rhizosphere soil plays a vital role in improving the plant growth and soil fertility. Many kinds of fertilizers including chemical and organic has been approached to improve the productivity. Though some of them showed significant improvement in yield, they failed to maintain the soil properties. Rather they negatively affected soil eventually, the land became unsuitable for agricultural. To overcome these problems, microorganisms have been used as effective alternative. For past few decades, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been used as effective inoculants to enhance the plant growth and productivity. PGPR improves the plant growth and helps the plant to withstand biotic and abiotic stresses. AM fungi are known to colonize roots of plants and they increase the plant nutrient uptake. Spore associated bacteria (SAB) are attached to spore wall or hyphae and known to increase the AMF germination and root colonization but their mechanism of interaction is poorly known. Better understanding the interactions among AMF, SAB and PGPR are necessary to enhance the quality of inoculants as a biofertilizers. In this paper, current knowledge about the interactions between fungi and bacteria are reviewed and discussed about AMF spore associated bacteria.
( Gopal Selvakumar ),( Pyoung Ho Yi ),( Seong Eun Lee ),( Seung Gab Han ) 한국환경농학회 2018 한국환경농학회지 Vol.37 No.1
BACKGROUND: The use of green manure and compost as organic fertilizer may increase crop yield and soil fertility due to improved soil nutrient availability and soil organic matter content (SOM). This study aimed to investigate the effects of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.) and compost application on red pepper growth, yield, fruit quality and soil health. METHODS AND RESULTS: The treatments were no fertilizer (CON), chemical fertilizer (CF), hairy vetch (HV), and livestock compost+HV (LC+HV). Red pepper seedlings (70 days old) were transplanted and maintained in experimental plots for 140 days. Plant dry weight, microand macronutrient contents of plants and soil chemical properties were determined. All fertilizer treatments significantly increased plant dry weight. Fruit yield was significantly highest with HV treatment. As for nutrient content, plants in HV and LC+HV treatments have significantly higher K and Ca contents than the other treatments. Regarding soil properties, HV and LC+HV application significantly altered the soil chemical properties. Significantly higher SOM was observed in HV and LC+HV treated soils. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that short-term application of hairy vetch and compost is an effective alternative to the conventional chemical fertilizer to increase fruit yield red pepper and improve soil health.
Selvakumar Gopal,Murugesan Chandrasekaran,Charlotte Shagol,Kiyoon Kim,Tongmin Sa 한국토양비료학회 2012 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.45 No.4
Microorganisms present in the rhizosphere soil plays a vital role in improving the plant growth and soil fertility. Many kinds of fertilizers including chemical and organic has been approached to improve the productivity. Though some of them showed significant improvement in yield, they failed to maintain the soil properties. Rather they negatively affected soil eventually, the land became unsuitable for agricultural. To overcome these problems, microorganisms have been used as effective alternative. For past few decades, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been used as effective inoculants to enhance the plant growth and productivity. PGPR improves the plant growth and helps the plant to withstand biotic and abiotic stresses. AM fungi are known to colonize roots of plants and they increase the plant nutrient uptake. Spore associated bacteria (SAB) are attached to spore wall or hyphae and known to increase the AMF germination and root colonization but their mechanism of interaction is poorly known. Better understanding the interactions among AMF, SAB and PGPR are necessary to enhance the quality of inoculants as a biofertilizers. In this paper, current knowledge about the interactions between fungi and bacteria are reviewed and discussed about AMF spore associated bacteria.
Trap Culture Technique for Propagation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi using Different Host Plants
Gopal Selvakumar,Kiyoon Kim,Denver Walitang,Mak Chanratana,Yeongyeong Kang,Bongnam Chung,Tongmin Sa 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.5
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spore propagation and long term maintenance is still a complicated technique for farmers. The use of AMF for their ability to promote plant growth and protect plants against pathogen attack and environmental stresses demands AMF propagation for large scale application. This study aimed to propagate AMF spores by trap culture technique and assess their ability to propagate with different host plants in a continuous plant cycle. Mycorrhizal inoculation by trap culture in maize resulted in longer shoots and roots than sudangrass plants. Increase in dry weight with higher percentage also was observed for maize plants. After first and second plant cycle, maize plants had the higher percentage of mycorrhizal response in terms of colonization and arbuscules than sudangrass. Maximum in spore count also achieved in the pots of maize plants. The results show that maize plant is more suitable host plant for AMF spore propagation and trap culture technique can be used effectively to maintain the AMF culture for long time.
Gopal Selvakumar,이평호,이성은,한승갑,정봉남 한국원예학회 2018 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.59 No.5
Organic fertilizers may contribute substantially to improving yield, soil quality, and reducing the environmental impacts of conventional farming. This study investigates the effects of organic fertilizers, like green manure composed of hairy vetch (HV), livestock compost (LC), or a combination of the two (LC + HV), has on red pepper growth, yield, fruit quality, and soil microbial populations as compared to more commonly used chemical fertilizers. This study investigates the effects of different fertilizer treatments on red pepper growth, yield, quality, and soil microbial populations. The experimental plot treatments were no fertilizer (CON), chemical fertilizer, HV, LC and LC + HV. In these treatments, 70-day-old red pepper plants were grown for an additional 140 days under treatment conditions. Plant dry weight, macro- and micro-nutrient contents were analyzed. Post-harvest soil properties and cultivable soil microbial population were determined. HV and LC + HV treatments had significantly high leaf and stem dry weight. All the treatments increased T–N, P and Mg contents in plants and the highest uptake was recorded for plants fertilized with HV. After harvest, soil fertilized with LC + HV had higher soil organic matter and available P, K and Ca as compared to chemical fertilizers. In addition, soil fertilized with organic fertilizers had significantly more cultivable microbial populations than chemical fertilizers. Overall, these results suggest that organic fertilizers could be used to reduce the application of synthetic fertilizers and aiding sustainable agriculture.