준비운동 강도가 최대하 운동 중 에너지대사에 미치는 영향

임태홍 ( Lim Tae-hong ),방상식 ( Bang Sang-sik ) 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2017 스포츠사이언스 Vol.35 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 준비운동강도가 최대하 운동 중 에너지 대사에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 자발적 참여의사를 밝힌 남자대학생 8명이 참여하였다. 두 가지 준비운동(30%VO2max, 90%VO2max)의 최대하 운동중 생리적 변화를 검증하기 위해 t-검증을 실시하였으며, 최대한 운동중 생리대사적 변인들의 변화를 검증하기 위해 이원변량분석을 사용하였다. 본 연구를 통해 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 준비운동 기간의 호흡대사변인인 산소섭취량, 호흡교환율, 지방연소기여율, 지방 연소량, 총열량 소비량 간에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 휴식기간의 저강도 및 고강도 준비운동간의 호흡대사변인인 산소섭취량, 호흡교환율, 지방연소 기여율, 지방 연소량은 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 총열량 소비량은 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 휴식기를 제외한 총 운동의 저강도 및 고강도 준비운동간의 산소섭취량과 총열량 소비량은 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 호흡교환율, 지방연소 기여율, 지방 연소량에는 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. This study aimed to analyze effects of the warm-up intensities on energy metabolism during submaximal exercise. Eight health male collegiate students participated this experiment. During submaximal exercise 40min at MFOEI, physiological and metabolic variables were compared between two warm-up exercise and exercise periods using 2×8 two-way repeated ANOVA. Also, paired t-test was used to analyze energy variables between two exercise(warm-up; 5min, rest; 3min, MFOEI; 40min). The results were as follow: First, in warm up periods, there were significant difference VO2, %fat, Fkcal/min, Tkcal/min between low and high warm-up intensities. Second, in submaximal exercise periods, there were significant difference of VO2, RER, %fat, Fkcal/min, Tkcal/min at low and high warm-up intensities Third, in warm up and submaximal exercise periods, there were significant difference VO2, Tkcal at low and high warm-up intensitie. but there were no significant difference RER, %fat, Fkcal/min at low and high warm-up intensitie.

생리 : 주간의 슬관절 고정이 근력 및 혈청 효소 활성도에 미치는 영향

김양수,김성수,위승두,방상식,문원재,김창근 ( Yang Soo Kim,Sung Soo Kim,Seung Doo Wee,Sang Sik Bang,Won Jeh Mun,Chang Keun Kim ) 한국체육학회 1992 국제스포츠 학술대회 Vol.1992 No.-

유,무산소성 운동선수와 시신의 배곧은근 형태 분석

정락희 ( Rak Hee Chung ),방상식 ( Sang Sik Bang ),유승희 ( Seung Hee Yoo ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2004 체육과학연구 Vol.15 No.4

운동선수와 시신의 배곧은근 형태와 배벽동맥의 분지양상에 대한 형태구조를 평가하기 위하여 국가대표급선수(중·장거리달리기, 체조, 역도, 단거리달리기) 남자 38명과 시신 49구를 분석한 결과, 배곧은근의 길이는 운동선수와 시신 공히 키에 비례하여 신장의 1/5에 해당되었으며, 운동선수의 경우 배곧은근 길이는 유산소성 운동종목선수(중·장거리)가 무산소성 운동종목선수(체조, 역도, 단거리달리기)에 비해 절대적 길이는 길었다. 운동선수와 시신 간의 배곧은근 길이 절대값은 중·장거리 달리기선수군과 시신은 비슷하였으나 체조, 역도, 단거리달리기 선수군은 시신보다 짧은 것으로 나타났다. 배곧은근의 너비는 운동종목 특성에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 배곧은근의 상복부 너비는 중·장거리달리기선수군이, 중간복부는 역도선수가, 하복부는 체조선수가 가장 넓었다. 시신의 배곧은근 너비는 운동선수군에 비해 좁게 나타났으며, 운동선수 및 시신 공히 오른쪽이 왼쪽에 비해 상대적으로 넓었다. 배세모근의 형태는 시신의 경우 남·녀 대부분이 변이형태로 나타나며 높이는 남자가 여자보다 길었으나 너비는 비슷하였다. 나눔힘줄의 개수는 운동선수와 시신 공히 Type I(3개), Type II(4개)의 순이며, Type III(2개)의 비율은 매우 낮았다. 유산소성 운동종목선수군은 Type II(4개)의 비율이 높았고, 무산소성 운동종목선수군은 Type I (3개)의 비율이 높았다. 나눔힘줄의 모양은 첫 번째, 두 번째, 세 번째 것은 운동선수와 시신 공히 완전형이 가장 많았고, 네 번째 것은 체조, 역도, 단거리 달리기선수군의 경우 불완전형이 많았으나 중·장거리달리기선수군과 시신의 경우는 조각난 모양이 많았다. 시신의 경우 남자는 대칭되지 않고 연결된 형이 많은 반면, 여자는 대칭이면서 연결된 형이 많았다. 위배벽동맥의 직경은 시신의 경우 남·녀간 좌우측 차이가 없었으나, 깊은아래배벽동맥의 경우 남·녀 공히 우측이 좌측보다 굵었다. 위배벽동맥이 시작하는 부위는 남·녀 공히 Type I(배곧은근의 내측)이 가장 많았고, 다음이 Type II(중간)이었으나, 남자는 Type IV(2개의 구), 여자는 Type III(외측)가 관찰되지 않았다. 깊은 아래배벽동맥의 길이는 4cm 내외로 남자가 여자보다 길고 남·녀 공히 좌측보다 우측이 더 길었다. This study was performed in order analyze the structural characteristics of the gross structure of rectus abdominis muscle (RAM) and epigastric artery distribution of athletes and Korean cadavers. The length of RAM was reached at one-fifth relative to the height in both groups. No difference between aerobic type athletes (distance runners) and cadavers in the length of RAM, whereas was shorter in anaerobic type athletes (gymnasts, weight lifters, sprinters) than that of cadavers. Among the athletic group, the length of RAM in aerobic type athletes of distance runners was longer than anaerobic type athletes, likely gymnasts, sprinters, and weight-lifters. The width of RAM in the cadavers was narrower than athletes, and the width of RAM in athletes demonstrated a sport event-specific structure, which was that the width of upper, middle and lower parts of RAM was broader in aerobic type athletes, weight-lifters, and gymnasts, respectively. The characteristics of the pyramidalis muscle (PM) in both sex observed as irregular structure and no sexual difference was found in the length of PM. Type and number of the tendinous intersection (TI) were observed as three intersections of typeⅠ, four intersections of typeⅡ and two intersections of typeⅢ, but only few cases was revealed typeⅢ. A large proportion of aerobic type athletes was belong to typeⅡ, whereas typeⅠ was prevalent. The structural characteristics of TI can be divided as complete and symmetric or remnant and asymmetric types. Complete and symmetric type was mainly occurred in the first and second rows from xiphoid process on TI in both groups, but a large portion of asymmetric type was shown in the fourth row of TI. In case of fourth row of TI, complete type was appeared in anaerobic type athletes, but inversely remnant type was observed in aerobic type athletes and cadavers. Further, complete and symmetric type was prevalent in female in occasion of cadavers. No difference in the size of epigastric artery between sexes, but the right deep inferior epigastric artery was bigger than the left one. Number of the hilum of superior epigastric artery was highest in typeⅠ (inside of RAM) and followed in typeⅡ (middle of RAM). The type Ⅳ (two mouths type) and typeⅢ (outside of RAM) were only shown in male and female cadavers. The length of deep inferior epigastric artery was four centimeters and longer in male than female, and the right side was longer than the left one in both sexes.

생리 : 하지고정이 골격근에 미치는 영향

김창근(Chang Keun Kim),이선장(Seon Jang Lee),김완조(Jde Wan Kim),김문희(Mun Hee Kim),방상식(Sang Sik Bang),이승국(Song Kuk Lee) 한국체육학회 1992 국제스포츠 학술대회 Vol.1992 No.-

지구성 운동 수행에 따른 obese Zucker rat 골격근의 GLUT-4, v-와 t-SNARE 발현의 변화

김철현 ( Cheol Hyun Kim ),임예현 ( Yea Hyun Leem ),김문희 ( Moon Hee Kim ),조준용 ( Joon Yong Cho ),이규성 ( Kyu Sung Lee ),방상식 ( Sang Sik Bang ),장석암 ( Seok Am Jang ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2003 체육과학연구 Vol.14 No.4

인슐린 자극에 의한 골격근 GLUT-4의 세포막으로의 전좌(translocation)는 골격근 세포의 글루코스 섭취 능력을 향상시킨다. 특히, GLUT-4의 전좌는 특이적인 액포(vesicle)의 결합 단백질인 v-SNARE(vamp-2)가 표적 세포막에 위치한 상동성이 큰 t-SNARE(syntaxin-4)단백질을 특이적으로 인식하고 상호 작용하여 GLUT-4를 세포막 표면으로 가역적으로 전좌시켜 글루코스 섭취 능력을 증가시킨다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 지구성 운동수행에 따른 골격근의 GLUT-4 작용 기전과 글루코스 섭취 능력을 규명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 이 연구에서는 비만 실험모델 동물인 obese Zucker rat(fa/fa)를 활용하여 운동집단과 비교집단으로 구분한 후 8주간 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 결과, 지구성 운동수행에 따라 obese Zucker rat의 골격근(가자미근과 족저근) 내 인슐린 조절(insulin regulated)에 의한 글루코스 운반 단백질인 GLUT-4와 막 결합 단백질인 v-SNARE(vamp-2), t-SNARE(syntaxin-4)단백질의 발현이 증가한 것으로 나타났으며, In vitro 수준에서 2-deoxy-D-glucose(2-DG)수준을 측정하여 골격근 형태별(가자미근, 족저근) 글루코스 섭취능력을 분석한 결과, 운동집단이 비교집단에 비해 현저하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 지구성 운동이 골격근의 v-SNARE(vamp-2)와 t-SNARE(syntaxin-4)의 상호작용을 향상시키고 GLUT-4 단백질의 전좌를 활성화시켜 글루코스 섭취 능력을 극대화시키는 것으로 나타났다. Insulin stimulation of skeletal muscle results in the translocation of GLUT4 from an intra cellular location to the plasma membrane; this translocation is defective in insulin resistance. Studies have suggested an important role for synaptobrevin and syntaxin homologues in this event, particularly the v-soluble N-ethylmaleimide attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) cellubrevin and vesicle-associated membrane protein-2 (V AMP-2) and the t-SNARE syntaxin-4, but the expression of these proteins has not been studied in insulin resistant tissues. Therefore, we examined SNARE protein content in skeletal muscle from obese Zucker rats and determined the effect of exercise on these proteins. GLUT4 levels in skeletal muscle from exercise were elevated compared with control group. V AMP-2, and syntaxin 4 protein levels were elevated in skeletal muscle from obese Zucker rats compared with controls. Restoration of normoglycemia and normo insulinemia in exercised obese Zucker rats improved V AMP-2, and syntaxin 4 protein to levels approaching normal in lean animals. These data show that elevated v- and t-SNARE protein levels are associated with insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and that these increase may be achieved by exercise concomitant with a restoration of glycemic control. In summary, we have demonstrated that v- and t- SNARE concentration as well as muscle GLUT4 protein and mRNA can increase significantly after prolonged exercise confirmed that this increase in GLUT4 protein is controlled at both the pre-translational and translational levels. The observation that improved glucose uptake suggests that the increased expression of GLUT4 protein expression can serve as a molecular yardstick for exercise-dependent glycogen deposition.

원적외선, 온열, 카이로프랙틱 복합 처치가 우수선수의 피로회복 및 운동능력에 미치는 영향

이종각 ( Jong Gak Lee ),고병구 ( Byoung Goo Ko ),김영수 ( Young Soo Kim ),이명천 ( Myung Chun Lee ),윤성원 ( Sung Won Youn ),정동식 ( Dong Sik Chung ),방대두 ( Dae Doo Bang ),방상식 ( Sang Sik Bang ),전만배 ( Man Bae Chun ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2002 체육과학연구 Vol.13 No.2

원적외선·카이로프랙틱·스포츠마사지 처치 요법을 병용한 의료 장비인 세라젬마스타 CGM의 적용이 우수 선수(탑레벨의 레슬링·유도 선수 23명)의 피로회복과 운동능력에 미치는 생리적 효과를 규명하여 운동선수의 장비 이용에 대한 유용성을 검토하는데 본 연구의 목적이 있다. 피험자를 세라젬 처치집단과 통제집단으로 분류하였으며 사전·8주 처치후·16주 처치후에 무산소지구력·유산소성 능력·젖산피로회복률·유연성·혈액구성성분 등의 변화를 관찰하였다. 이원혼합분산분석 및 공분산분석 등을 통하여 세라젬 처치의 효과를 살펴 본 결과 첫째, 혈액학적 관찰변인들 중에서 적혈구형은 세라젬 처치기간에 따라 뚜렷한 활동성의 증가를 보였으며, 충실한 표준형태로의 변화를 나타냈다. 나머지 관찰변인인 적혈구 수, 헤모글로빈 농도, 혈구용적치 등도 세라젬 처치 기간에 따라 점진적으로 긍정적 변화 경향을 보였다. 둘째, 세라젬 처치에 의해 유연성의 관찰변인인 체전굴은 6.16%, 체후굴은 12.21%의 유의한 증가를 보였다. 셋째, 유산소성 운동능력의 관찰변인들 중에서 무산소성 역치 수준은 거의 변화가 없었으나, 최대산소섭취량과 운동지속시간은 각각 2.88%, 5.91%씩 증가하는 양상을 나타냈다. 넷째, 무산소성 운동량과 지속시간은 통제집단보다 세라젬 처치집단이 향상되는 경향을 보였다. 다섯째, 혈중젖산피로의 회복률은 회복기 초기(10분)에 유의한 증가를 보였으며, 나머지 회복기 15분 이후 30분까지도 세라젬 처치집단이 통제집단보다 높은 경향을 보여 젖산피로회복에 세라젬 처치가 긍정적인 반응을 일으키고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 실험 결과와 선행 연구의 결과들을 종합하여 볼 때 원적외선 조사와 카이로프랙틱 및 마사지 처치를 병용한 세라젬 의료기의 이용을 통하여 유연성, 피로회복능력의 향상에 효과를 볼 수 있으며, 우수 선수들이 장기적으로 이 장비를 이용하거나, 특히 고강도 집중 훈련시에 활용을 한다면 피로누적에 따른 오버 트레이닝을 예방할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. To investigate the effect of CGM-M treatment including far infrared, chiropractic and sports massage on physiological variables of the elite athlete` recovery of fatigue and performance as well as to verify the availability of elite athlete` equipment use. To compare muscular strength, muscle power, anaerobic endurance, aerobic ability, lactate recovery rate, flexibility and whole blood components over time (baseline, 8-week & 16-week), 23 top athletes of wrestling (n=12) and judo (n=11) were assigned into two groups such as treatment (T; CGM-M treatment; n=12) group and control group (C; n=11). To find out significant differences between groups (T&C), time conditions (baseline, 8-week & 16-week) and interactions (2 groups×3 time conditions), a mixed factorial design was conducted and the results of this study were followed: 1. Among the whole blood component variables, RBC shape that was changed indicated the increase of activity. Although reticulocyte count(RBC), leukocyte count(WBC), hematocrit(Hct), hemoglobin concentration(Hb), mean corpuscular volume(MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC) and platelet(PLT) were not statistically significant. favorable changes were observed in the treatment group over time. 2. There were significant improvements in treatment group on both sit-and-reach test(6.16%) as well as trunk-and-neck extension test(12.21%). 3. Though lactate threshold, VO2peak and exercise duration as variables observed a aerobic ability were not significantly changed, VO2peak(2.88%) and exercise duration(5.91%) were showing a tendency to rise in treatment group, respectively. 4. Compared with control group, intermittent anaerobic endurance momentum(kpm) and duration tended to be improved in treatment group although they were not statistically significant in groups, time conditions and interaction effects. 5. The significant increase in lactate recovery rate(p<.05) at the 10 min occurred and there were a trend to rise recovery rate in treatment group at 15 min and 30min of recovery period, compared to control group. That means there was a favorable response to CGM-M treatment for lactate recovery rate. Based on the results and previous researches, flexibility, and ability of fatigue recovery were improved by using CGM-M including far infrared, chiropractic and massage. Consequently, we assumed that using CGM-M call improve athletic performance and expect better athletic performance.

단시간 및 장기간의 세라젬 처치가 우수선수의 중추 피로 및 대사 변인에 미치는 영향

이종각 ( Jong Gak Lee ),고병구 ( Byoung Gu Ko ),김영수 ( Young Soo Kim ),박동호 ( Dong Ho Park ),정동식 ( Dong Sik Chung ),방대두 ( Dae Doo Bang ),방상식 ( Sang Sik Bang ),전만배 ( Man Bae Chun ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2003 체육과학연구 Vol.14 No.3

본 연구는 고강도 장시간의 훈련을 계속하는 레슬링과 유도 우수 선수들을 대상으로 카이로프랙틱, 스포츠 마사지와 원적외선 요법 등을 병용한 장비의 단시간(일회성) 및 장기간 (20주)의 적용이 선수의 피로회복에 영향을 미치는 중추피로 변인들(5-HT, dopamine, FFA, Flicker)과 동시에 부가적인 변인들(Na+, K+, Ca++, Pi, GH, IGF-I, Dpd, osteocalcin)의 변화를 관찰함으로써 장비이용에 대한 유용성을 검토하는데 있었다. 세라젬의 단시간과 장기간의 처치효과를 알아보기 위해, 26명의 피험자들은 무작위로 세라젬 처치집단(n=13)과 통제집단(n=13)으로 할당되었다. 장기간의 처치는 시선 및 10주, 20주 처치 후에 중추피로 변인들이 관찰되었으며, 단시간의 처치는 2시간 동안의 탈진 운동직후와 일회성의 세라젬 처치(40분간)후에 중추피로 변인들과 부가적인 변인들이 관찰되었다. 이원혼합분산분석과 공분산분석 등을 이용하여 세라젬 처치의 효과를 살펴본 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 중추신경 피로변인들에 대한 세라젬 처치에 따른 장기간 반응으로는 Flicker test에서 비록 상호작용효과에서 유의한 차이는 없었으나 처치집단에서만 20주 처치 후에 유의하게 낮게 나타났다(p<.05). 2. 단시간 반응에서도 역시 Flicker 테스트에서 상호작용의 효과는 없었으나 단지 처치집단에서만 시기간 유의한 차이(p<.05)가 나타났다. 3. dopamin의 경우는 비록 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었으나(p<.05) 그 경험에 있어서 고강도 운동 직후 처치집단에 비해 상대적으로 통제집단에서 높은 경향이 나타난 반면 세라젬 처치 후 오히려 처치집단에서는 일정하게 그 농도가 유지되었으나 통제집단에서는 유의하게 낮아지는 현상이 나타났다. 4. 세라젬 처치에 따른 부가적인 변인들의 반응에서는 세라젬 처치를 받고 있는 처치집단의 경우 비록 40분간의 처치 후 GH의 농도가 비처치 집단과 거의 비슷한 수준까지 감소하였으나 고강도 탈진운동 직후에서 통제집단보다 2배 이상 높은 GH 농도(p<.05)가 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과와 선행 연구의 결과들을 종합하여 볼 때 세라젬 의료기의 이용을 통해 단시간 또는 장기간의 중추 신경피로를 부분적으로 감소 혹은 지연 할 수 있다고 사료되며, 특히 고강도 집중 훈련시에 활용한다면 피로 누적에 따른 오버트레이닝을 예방하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. To investigate the effect of short-term and long-term`s CGM-M treatment including far infrared, chiropractic and sports massage on changes of central fatigue variables (5-HT, dopamin, FFA, Flicker) affecting elite athlete`s fatigue recovery and additional variables(Na+, K+, Ca ++, Pi, GH, IGF-I, Dpe, osteocalcin) as well as to verify the availability of elite athlete`s equipment use. To compare concentrations of 5-HT, dopamin, FFA and Flicker test over time (baseline, 10-week, 20-week) for verifying the long-term effect of central fatigue, 26 top athletes of wrestling (n=13) and judo (n=13) were randomly assigned into treatment group (T; CGM-M treatment, n=13) and control group (C; n=13). In addition, central fatigue and additional variables were observed over time (immediately after high intensity all-out exercise for 2hr, P-AO and immediately after acute CGM-Mtreatment for 40min, P-T) for verifying the short-term treatment effect. To find out significant differences between groups (T & C), time conditions (baseline, 10-week & 20-week) and interactions (2 groups × 3 time conditions) for long-term as well as between groups (T & C), time conditions (P-AO & P-T) and interactions (2 groups × 2 time conditions), a mixed factorial design was condected, respectively and the results of this study were followed: l. Among the central fatigue variables, Flicker test`s score of only T group was significantly reduced (p<.05) at the 20-week time point of long-term although there was no significantly difference on the interaction effect. 2. Similarly, Flicker test`s score of only T group was also significantly reduced (p<.05) at the P-T time point of short-term although there was no significantly difference on the interaction effect. 3. Although there was no significant difference on the concentration of dopamine after high intensity exhaustive exercise, favorable tendency in the T group compared to the C group was observed over time. 4. There was significant difference observed in treatment group on GH (p<.05) after high intensity exhaustive exercise although increased GH concentration immediately after the exercise was reduced into the similar level of C group at P-T time point. Based on the results and previous researches, central fatigue might be partly reduced by using CGM-M treatment of short-term and long-term. Consequently, we assumed that using CGM-M especially during high intensity training of short-term may prevent the overtraining from the accumulation of fatigue.

Weight training 이 근력 및 근섬유 형태 변화에 미치는 영향

방상식,이근일,김학렬,김양수,김창근,원신희,안효작 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所 1991 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.10 No.1

Eight healthy males performed moderate training program 3days per week for 10weeks. Strength was measured before and after weight training program using a Cybex Ⅱ isokinetic dynamometer set an angular velocity at 60???S?? muscle strength, 180???S?? muscle power, 180????S??50 repetition muscle endurance, respectively. Isotonic one repetition maximum (1RM) was measured before and after training program. Muscle biopsies were taken before and after training from vastus lateralis muscle. Obtained muscle sample serially was cutted with 10??m thick and stained for myofibrillar ATPase with preincubation at pH 10.3, 4.6, and 4.37 for identifing type Ⅰ, Ⅱa, Ⅱb and Ⅱc fibers, resectively. Peak power output was 424 watt and increased by 10.5% after the weight training. Weight training resulted in significant increase one repetition maximum for each types of exercise. Weight training resulted in significant hypertrophy of all types : type Ⅰ (24%), typeⅡa(30%), typeⅡa(9.4%), typeⅡc(35%). In addition, the training resulted in a decrease capillaries of type Ⅰ, Ⅱa, Ⅱb fibers with a concomitant increase in type Ⅱc fibers, suggesting that moderate weight training may lead to muscle hypertrophy and possible fiber type conversions.

短期 合宿訓練 PROGRAM이 專門體力 發達에 미치는 影響

洪淳模,房廂植,申範徹 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所 1989 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.8 No.1

The purpose of this research is to make a conductive role to Selecting new elite throwers and providing basis data for their scientific training through analyzing the effect of the shortterm camp training for the discus throwers along with the development stage of physique and special physical fitness. The number of subject throwers were 22 male and 31 female persons and the training was done twice a year from 1984 to 1988. And the period of every training lasted 20 days. The result of this research is as follows. 1. Physique a) In height, the average height was 180.5±6.33㎝ for male and 167.1±2.86㎝ for female. In case of world’s best throwers, it was 193.9±4.51㎝ for male and 180.1±3.96㎝ for female. b) In body weight, the average was 88.2±9.35㎏ for male and 68.7±5.19㎏ for male and 68.7±5.19㎏ for female. In case of world’s best throwers, it was 114.1±9.27㎏ for male and 90.0±4.92㎏ for female. c) In stretch of arms, it was average 186.3±6.23㎝ for male and 170.0±3.45㎝ for female It indicates that development aspect is in direct ratio to height. d) In calf girth, it was average 45.6±2.48㎝ for male and 41.2±0.69㎝ for female. This indicates rate for male, and little increase rate for female.

投擲選手의 等速性 大腿筋力, 筋파워 및 筋持久力 에 관한 硏究

洪淳模,房廂植 韓國體育大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The purpose of this study was to suggest a new direction in muscular training by comparing specific throwing events that determine the performance factors; isokinetic strength, muscular power, and muscular endurance. The study was conducted on three groups of athletes (shotputters, discuss throwers and javelin throwers-eight athletes per group), and resulted in the following conclusions: 1. Muscular Strength o There was no statistical difference among the three groups with regard to isokinetic strength(60˚/sec), but the group of shotputters showed greatest superiority with regard to absolute strength whereas the group of discuss throwers showed greatest superiority with regard to relative strength. 2. Muscular Power o There was no statistical difference among the three groups with regard to muscular power at medium speed (180˚/sec). shotputters showed greatest superiority in absolute muscular power, whereas. o The group of shotputters showed greatest superiority of muscle power at high speed (240/sec) with regard to absolute power, whereas thee javelin throwers showed greatest inferiority in the left extensors(P<.05). the group of discuss throwers showe suoerior PTAE(peak torque acceleration energy) in quadriceps, while the group of hotputters showed superior PTAE in hamstrings. The group of javelin throwers showed lowestenergy expenditure rate (P<.01). 3. Muscular Endurance o Shotputters showed greatest superiority in total work capacity, while javelin throwers showed highest total work ratio for extensors)P<.01). o Shotputters showed greatest superiority in average power, whereas javelin throwers showed greatest inferiority. o With regard to endurance ratio, Shotputters showed greatest superiority of right extensors and left flexors, while javelin throwers in right flexors and left extensors. 4. Ratio of hamstrings to quadriceps o. The Shotputters showed superior hamstrings/quadriceps ratio of both legs at low speed, and the right leg ratio was superior at medium and high speeds(P<.05). One must plan a program of muscle training for each specific throwing event, and one must endeavour to promote the improvement of the hamstrings as well as the quadriceps.