춘향의 신분 정체성을 통해 본 이몽룡의 인물 형상 -완판본을 대상으로-

이상일 ( Lee Sang-il ) 한국고전문학교육학회 2011 고전문학과 교육 Vol.22 No.-

이 논문은 <춘향전>에서 여주인공 춘향에 비해 상대적으로 주목을 받지 못했던 남자 주인공 이몽룡의 인물 형상을 고찰하였다. 이를 위해 우선 춘향의 신분 문제를 중심으로 <춘향전>의 서사구조를 검토하고, 그 결과를 바탕으로 이몽룡의 인물 형상을 고찰하였다. <춘향전>에서 춘향의 신분은 작품의 주요 갈등과 관련되는 중요한 서사적 요소이다. 이때 문제시되는 춘향의 신분은 ‘기생이다, 기생이 아니다’라고 하는 명목적 신분이나 춘향 자신과 다른 인물들이 ‘인식하는’ 신분이 아니라 춘향이 일관되게 지켜내고자 하는 가치와 신념으로서의 ‘이념적 신분’이다. 춘향이 변학도의 폭압에 항거하면서 지켜내고자 하는 이몽룡에 대한 사랑과 절의는 여염집 여인이 갖추어야 윤리적 가치에 기반하고 있으며, 이러한 여염 여인으로서의 의식이 바로 춘향의 신분 정체성을 이룬다. <춘향전>은 춘향의 신분 정체성 인정 문제를 두고 춘향, 변학도, 이몽룡이 표면적 또는 심층적으로 대립하는 구조로 되어 있으며, 춘향의 신분적 정체성이 공인되어 가는 서사적 과정으로 진행된다. 이몽룡의 인물 형상을 살펴보면, 우선 이몽룡은 고전소설의 전형적 인물 유형인 재자가인의 이미지를 지닌 인물이며, 춘향과의 사랑에 있어서는 순진무구한 소년의 내면을 보여주는 인물이다. 그러나 이몽룡은 춘향의 신분 정체성에 대해서는 쉽게 인정하지 않는, 변학도와 유사한 입장을 취하는 인물이기도 하다. 춘향의 신분 정체성에 대하여, 변학도가 춘향을 직접적으로 탄압하면서 표면적인 갈등 관계를 형성하고 있는 인물이라면, 이몽룡은 그녀의 신분 정체성을 인정하지 않음으로써 심층적 갈등 관계에 있는 인물이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 <춘향전>의 남자 주인공 이몽룡은 변학도와 함께 작품의 주요 반동 인물이라 할 수 있다. 변학도가 춘향과 격렬하게 대립하는 표면적 반동 인물이라면, 이몽룡은 춘향의 신분 정체성에 대한 심층적 반동 인물인 것이다. 이렇듯 이몽룡은 춘향과의 개인적인 관계에 있어서는 연인이면서도, 신분 정체성의 문제에 있어서는 춘향과 대립하는 이중적 인물로서, <춘향전>의 서사구조에서 주요 갈등의 축을 이루는 인물이라는 점에서 남자주인공으로서 그 서사적 의미와 위상이 재고되어야 할 것이다. This paper aims to reveal Chunhyangjeon's hero, Lee Mongyong's character by investigating the structure of story. Johari window provide a point of view to study Lee Mongyong In Chunhyangjeon, heroin main character Chunhyang's position is important narrative element related to major conflict; the focused position is not Chunhyang's nominal position said 'she is a gisaeng', she is not a gisaeng', not the position that other characters accept, but her identity as a middle-class(or upper class) woman. Chunhyang's identity is the ideological position she is to adhere to. Her devoted love and chastity for Lee Mongyong is based on ethical creed as a middle-class woman, such a creed is a her identity. Chunhyangjeon is a story on accepting or rejecting Chunhyang's identity among three character, Chunhyang, Lee Mongyong, Byun Hak-do. Chunhyang comes into visible conflict with is Byun Hak-do and invisible conflict with Lee Mongyong. Chunhyangjeon's storyline is the narrative that Chunhyang's identity is recognized gradually. Let's examine into Lee Mongyong's character. He is a wit and beauty of Korean pre-modern novel and a naive boy in touch with his emotion. But on the other hand he is a conflictory character in that he doesn't accept Chunhyang's identity. In this regard he is similar to Byun Hak-do. So Chunhyangjeon's hero character, Lee Mongyong is a major conflictory characer like Byun Hak-do. Byun Hak-do create a outer, visibe conflict to Chunhyang, Lee Mongyong is in deep and invisible antagonistic relationship with Chunhyang. In short, Lee Mongyong is an invisible antagonist in Chunhyangjeon. He is a Chunhyang's lover in private but socially an antagonist about the matter of Chunhyang's identity. So we need to reexamine and revalue Lee Mongyong of Chunhyangjeon's hero character.

스포츠 웹사이트 이용자의 일반특성별 지각위험, 신뢰, 몰입, 만족에 관한 연구

이상일(Lee, Sang-Il) 한국체육과학회 2015 한국체육과학회지 Vol.24 No.2

The purpose of this research is to empirically investigate how sports website’s perceived risk, trust, flow, and satisfaction effect each other and what relationship they have each other classified by general characteristics. To accomplish the purpose, we analyzed the analysis of frequency, factor analysis, one-way anova from 287 copies of questionnaire. The result is as follows. First, from perceived risk by gender, there was a meaningful difference between security and privacy, and emotion, continuity, normative which are factors of flow, and trust, and satisfaction. Specifically, as we look security and privacy from perceived risk, women were significantly higher than men. In factors of flow, men were higher than women in every factor about emotion, continuity, and normative. Even in trust and satisfaction, men were higher than women. Second, from perceived risk by duration about delivery service, there was a meaningful difference in trust and satisfaction of emotional, continual and normative factor of flow. Third, in factors of flow according to visiting count, 5-6days in a week was more frequent than once in a 2-3month and etc. In trust and satisfaction, there were more users who visit 5-6days, and 3-4days than users who visit once more than 3 month. Fourth, in factor of flow by time, more than 3 hours was higher than less than 1 hour in factor of emotion and continuity. Fifth, in factor of flow by number of purchase, more than 6 times was higher than none in normative factor. Also, more than 6 times was higher than none in trust and satisfaction.

놀부 징벌의 양상과 그 의미 -권선징악 주제 교육의 측면에서-

이상일 ( Lee Sang Il ) 서울대학교 국어교육과 2022 先淸語文 Vol.51 No.-

In the current classical novel education, ‘good and evil(it means ‘poetic justice’)’ is treated incorrectly only as a rudimentary knowledge. This article examines the aspect and meaning of punishment for Nolbu, a villain in Heungbu-jeon, on the premise that the subject education of good and evil is very important in classical novel education. Punishment for Nolbu is mainly made up of direct retaliation for Nolbu by lower-class figures. And the specific contents of these retaliations are ‘economic confiscation’ and ‘physical pain cycle’. Punishment for Nolbu is directed in a festive atmosphere such as a festival. The punishment of Nolbu is romanticized by the implementation of the justice of the local community in the late Joseon Dynasty and the popular will and orientation for common good. The punishment of Nolbu is well harmonized in the exciting festival venue with two elements: collective violence and inclusion and co-prosperity. This article proposes three things in relation to the good and evil of Heungbu-jeon. First, understanding the subject of good and evil should be deviated from the preconceived notion of interpreting works at a rudimentary level. Second, the education of good and evil should be able to encourage learners' experiences of empathetic and critical reflection. Third, since the education on the subject of good and evill is not a content that can be completed at a specific stage of growth, it should be hierarchized into a spiral structure of repetitive deepening.

3·1정신과 21세기 한국교회 회중찬송곡

이상일(Sang Il Lee) 장로회신학대학교 세계선교연구원 2018 선교와 신학 Vol.46 No.-

3·1운동은 오늘날 대한민국을 있게 한 뿌리이고 출발점이다. 그리고 3·1운동은 제1차 세계대전이 끝난 후에 피압박 약소국이 거족적으로 독립운동을 일으킨 최초의 사건이다. 3·1운동은 한국교회의 역사에서도 중요한 의미를 지닌다. 이렇게 중요한 3·1운동이 100주년을 맞이하는 시점에 3·1운동의 정신을 되새기고, 그것을 어떻게 한국교회 회중찬송곡에 적용 할 수 있을지 고찰하는 것은 의미가 있다. 본 연구자는 우선 회중찬송곡과 관련 있는 3·1정신 세 가지를 살펴보았다: 애국신앙과 역사참여, 연대와 동참, 그리고 독창성과 문화 개발. 선교초기부터 한국 기독교인들이 강한 애국심과 역사참여의 정신을 갖고 있었고, 여기에 신앙의 동기가 더해졌기 때문에 기독교인들은 어느 종교인이나 집단보다 더 적극적으로 3·1운동에 참여했고 중심적인 역할을 했다. 그리고 3·1운동은 우리 역사에 유례를 찾아보기 힘든 연대와 단결의 상징이고 실현이다. 종교와 세대와 성별과 직업과 지역의 차이를 넘어서서 온 겨레가 연합하여 일어난 운동이다. 또한 3·1독립선언서에는 우리의 뛰어난 독창성을 발휘해 민족문화를 개발하여 세계에 기여하자는 주장이 담겨 있다. 본 연구자는 이 세 가지 3·1정신을 어떻게 회중찬송곡에 적용해야 할지도 고찰하였다. 선교 초기에는 한국교회가 교회마다 지역마다 다양한 애국가를 직접 만들어 불렀다. 그리고 3·1운동 당시 찬송가는 독립가의 역할을 하기도 했다. 그러나 그 후 오늘까지 애국적이거나 사회참여적인 가사의 찬송가가 거의 만들어지지 않았다. 앞으로 한국교회는 애국신앙과 공적신앙을 북돋는 노래를 더 많이 만들고 불러야 한다. 그리고 3·1운동 당시 선조들이 보여준 것처럼, 오늘날의 예배와 회중찬송에서도 연합의 정신을 강화시켜 나가야 한다. 특히 세대 간의 연합을 위해 다양한 유형의 노래를 분별력 있게 사용해야 하고, 누구나 부를 수 있고 공감할 수 있는 보편적인 곡을 선택해야 한다. 또한 독창적이고 한국적인 회중찬송곡을 발전시켜야 한다. 한국적이면서도 보편적이어서 지역교회에서 즐겨 부를 수 있는 찬송가와 현대 예배곡이 많이 나와야 한다. The March First Movement is the root and the starting point of Korea today, and it is the first event that an oppressed country caused a nationwide independence movement after World War 1. It is also important in the history of the Korean Church. It is meaningful to reflect on the spirit of the March First Movement when this important movement celebrates its 100th anniversary and to consider how it can be applied to the congregational songs of the Korean Church. I first looked at three spirits of the March First Movement related to the congregational songs: Patriotic Faith and Participation in History, Solidarity, and Originality and Cultural Development. From the early days of mission, Korean Christians had a strong spirit of patriotism and historical participation, and because they were motivated by faith, Christians participated more actively and played a central role in the March First Movement than any religious or group. And the March First movement is a symbol and realization of solidarity and unity that is unprecedented in our history. It is a movement that has occurred in conjunction with the people who have come beyond the differences between religion, generation, gender, occupation and region. In addition, the Declaration of Independence contains the claim that we should demonstrate our outstanding originality and contribute to the world by developing a national culture. I also discussed how to apply these three spirits of the March First Movement to the congregational songs. In the early days of the mission, Korean churches made various national anthems. And during the March First Movement, hymns were also sung as songs of independence movement. Since then, however, very few patriotic or social hymns have been made. From now on, Korean churches should make and sing more songs that encourage patriotic faith and public faith. And as our ancestors demonstrated during the March First Movement, we must strengthen the spirit of unity in today’s worship and congregational singing. Especially for the unity between generations, we have to use various types of songs discreetly and choose universal songs that anyone can sing and sympathize with. It is also necessary to develop original and Korean congregational songs. There should be many hymns and contemporary worship songs that are Korean and universal and can be widely sung in local churches.

알레르기 염증 - 개요 -

이상일(Sang Il Lee) 대한소아알레르기호흡기학회 1997 Supplement Vol.7 No.2

N/A

해상교통관제제도와 국가배상에 관한 연구

이상일(Sang-Il Lee) 한국해사법학회 2009 해사법연구 Vol.21 No.1

The safety of ship has always been a matter of the highest priority at sea. The risk elements of navigation have been increased due to the congestion of ship traffic which is attributable to the increase of ship traffic volume, expanded size of ship and increased speed of ship. There are Vessel Traffic Service system and navigational aids system such as lighthouse and buoy as a means of ship controlling system. However, there are some ambiguities on the responsibility that is occurred during the implementation of the systems. This dissertation examines whether State Compensation Act Article 2 which implies the compensation to the damage caused by public official's illegal action in his duty can be applied to the damage caused by VTS officer in relation to his duty. In case of damage occurred due to defective construction or management of lighthouse and buoy, it is examined that whether State Compensation Act Article 5 which means "In case any damage has been inflicted on another person due to defective construction or management of road, river or any other public structures, the State or local governments shall redress such damage" can be applied to the damage which is occurred due to defective construction or management of lighthouse and buoy installed in accordance with Navigational Aids Act and that whether the compensation system is proper to redress the victims. This dissertation would be a good starting point to systematize the marine related administrative laws on account of setting up law in relation to state compensation system into marine related administrative laws. 해상에서 선박의 안전은 가장 중요한 문제인데, 물동량의 증가로 인하여 해상교통량은 증가하고 선박이 대형화, 고속화 되면서 선박통행량이 밀집되는 특정수역에서는 항행위험요소가 증가하여 연안국들이 자국의 연안을 통항하는 선박을 통제하기에 이르렀고 이 제도가 해상교통관제제도이다. 해상교통관제제도는 공무원인 해상교통관제요원에 의해서 통제되는 제도와 등대․부표와 같은 항로표지를 설치․관리하는 제도가 있는데 실효성을 확보하기 위하여 공권력이 투입되는 과정에서 선박소유자에게 손해를 입혔을 경우 구제수단으로서 국가배상법의 적용여부를 살펴 볼 것이다. 해상교통관제제도의 경우, 공무원의 과실이나 부주의로 인한 선박이 충돌․좌초․해양오염 등의 사고가 발생하였을 때 국가배상법 제2조의 공무원의 위법한 직무행위로 인한 손해배상에서 국가배상이 성립하기 위한 요건이 충족되는지 확인하고, 국가배상법 제5조가 항로표지로 인한 손해가 발생하였을 경우 적용 가능한지 살펴 볼 것이다. 해상교통관제관련 손해배상을 국가배상법 제2조와 제5조를 적용하는 방법보다는 전문적인 해사행정법 체계 내에 특별법 규정을 둔다면 포괄적이고 추상적인 국가배상법상의 요건에 의한 적용보다 해상의 전문적이고 특수한 상황에 적합하여 진일보하는 계기가 될 것이고, 추가적으로 비교법적 고찰 등의 방법을 이용한 구체적인 연구에 의해 국가책임 및 고의․과실의 유형화 등의 입법론적인 미비점을 보완함으로써 해사 행정법의 발전을 도모할 수 있을 것이다.

지오컴퓨테이션 접근에 의한 주택시장지역의 설정: 우리나라 수도권에의 적용

이상일 ( Sang Il Lee ),김감영 ( Kam Young Kim ),제갈영 ( Jaegal Young ) 한국도시지리학회 2012 한국도시지리학회지 Vol.15 No.3

본 논문의 주된 연구 목적은 주택시장지역(HMA) 개념을 명료화하고, HMA를 확인할 수 있는 효과적인 기법을 지오컴퓨테이션 접근에 기반하여 고안하고, 제안된 방법론을 수도권의 주택시장지역 설정 연구에 적용하는 것이다. 주된 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, HMA는 공간적 아비트리지 개념에 근거하고 있는 것으로 드러났으며, 인구이동, 자족성, 노동시장지역이 궁극적인 구성 개념인 것으로 확인되었다. 이에 근거해 본 연구에서는 HMA를 "인구이동의 출발지와 도착지 대부분을 포괄하여 높은 수준의 주택시장 자족성을 보여주며, 통근지역과 상당한 수준의 중첩도를 보여주는 지리적 영역"으로 정의하였다. 둘째, 이러한 개념 하에서 기능지역을 설정할 방법론으로 지오컴퓨테이션 접근을 채택하였으며, 인트라맥스 기법의 한계를 극복하기 위해 AZP-기반 방법론을 고안하였다. 셋째, 이 방법을 우리나라 수도권 읍면동간 인구이동 데이터에 적용한 결과, 전역적 자족도 70% 기준에서 17개의 HMA로 구성된 주택시장 시스템이 도출되었다. 17개 HMA 모두 공급-측면과 수요-측면에서 국지적 자족도 60% 기준을 만족시켰다. AZP-기반 방법과 인트라맥스 기법에 의한 결과를 비교한 결과, 자율성과 동질성 규준 모두에서 AZP-기반 방법이 인트라맥스 기법보다 우세한 것으로 판명되었다. The main objectives of the paper include: (i) the clarification of the concept of HMA (housing market area); (ii) the development of an effective method of delineating HMAs based on a geocomputational approach; and (iii) the application of the method to the migration data of the Capital Region in South Korea. The main findings are as follows. First, it is recognized that the concept of spatial arbitrage plays a pivotal role in the conceptualization of HMA and is associated with three fundamental concepts, that is, migration, self-containment, and labor market areas which collectively constitute the concept of HMAs taken in the study. Therefore, HMAs can be defined as "geographical areas which are characterized by a high level of housing market self-containment in terms of migration flows and are overlapped with labor market areas to a large extent." Second, an AZP-based method is devised on the basis of the geocomputational notions and is expected to overcome some defects of the popular intramax technique. Third, by applying the method to migration flows among basic spatial units in the Capital Region, a housing market system consisting of 17 HMAs was delineated at the global self-containment criterion of 70% and the local self-containment criterion, both supply-side and demand-side, of 60%. A comparison revealed that the AZP-based method performs better than the intramax technique in terms of both the autonomy and homogeneity criteria.

삼국시대 등잔의 연료와 심지

이상일 ( Lee Sang-il ) 동서대학교 일본연구센터 2020 次世代 人文社會硏究 Vol.16 No.-

조명은 인간의 삶에 필수적인 요소로, 고대 조명에 대한 연구는 연료를 지속적으로 공급ㆍ소비하는 경제적 측면, 불을 통제하여 그릇 내부로 한정시키는 기술적인 측면 등 당시 사회의 복합적인 모습을 반영하고 있다. 본고에서는 고대 조명문화를 복원하기 위해 등잔이 본격적으로 보급되고 확산된 삼국시대 조명 연료에 대해 알아보겠다. 조명에서 가장 중요한 요소가 불을 피우기 위한 연료라는 점을 고려하면 이에 대한 연구는 필수적일 것이다. 고고자료와 문헌에서 확인되는 유지와 유료작물을 확인해본 결과 연료는 크게 상온에서 고체 또는 반고체인 동물성과 상온에서 액체인 식물성으로 분류할 수 있다. 동물성 연료는 사슴과 소기름이 주로 사용되었으며, 식물성 연료는 주로 들기름과 참기름이 사용되었을 것이다. 이밖에 돼지와 면, 삼의 기름도 사용을 가정해볼 수 있다. 또한 지금까지는 주목받지 못하였으나 삼국시대에 제한적으로 납(蠟)이 조명용 연료로 사용되었을 가능성도 추정해보았다. 효율적인 조명을 위해서는 연료와 그 매개체인 심지가 함께 조합되어야한다. 심지는 주로 식물성 섬유로 제작되었으며 다양한 종류가 존재했을 것으로 생각된다. 본고에서는 구체적인 분석과 실험은 실시하지 못하였으나, 앞으로 다양한 분석과 연소 실험을 통해 심화적인 연구가 진행되길 기대한다. It is supposed that in the ancient society, lighting was an economic act to consume fuel and a cultural act which was limited to some classes that could bear this cost. Also, lighting reflects complex social aspects of those days for its technique to control a fire inside the container and as an indicator that expanded human life till the night. However, it is considered that there is a shortage of studies on ancient lighting oil. It is hard to say that specific studies have been conducted, since there are only a wide range of suppositions that are based on analysis of part of residual fatty acids and folklore material-based suppositions. In order to get over this limitation of domestic research, this paper estimated lighting fuel of the ancient times, especially the Three Kingdoms Period when the oil lamp began to come into use and spread in earnest. According to archeological materials and literature regarding fat and oil and oil crops, fuel can be divided into animal fat and oil and vegetable fat and oil. Also, it can be classified into oil that is liquid at room temperature and fat that is solid or semisolid at room temperature. Mostly, liquid fat and oil contain vegetable oil and land animals contain a lot of solid oil. Deer oil and beef tallow were mainly used as animal fuel and it is estimated that yellow wax was used too limitedly. As vegetable fuel, perilla oil and sesame oil were mainly used. In addition, it is assumed that common hemp oil and cotton oil were used. This paper also estimated the wick for combustion of fuel. For efficient lighting in ancient times, fuel and its medium, wick should be combined together. Wick was mostly made with vegetable materials and it is thought that a variety of methods of using existed at that time. It is considered that research on the technique to control a fire that made it possible to light up and production and kinds of fuel is important to understand the ancienty society. In particular, research on fuel to restore the ancient lighting culture needs to be indispensably carried out, given that fuel for making a fire is the most crucial element in lighting.

길거리 농구대회 스폰서십이 기업이미지에 미치는 효과분석

이상일(Sang Il Lee) 한국사회체육학회 2004 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.21

This study is based on the survey of the 684 participants of the 2003 Adidas 3 to 3 outdoor basketball tournament. The purpose of this study is to understand how those participants` attitude toward event, involvement and the attitude toward brand affect on the image of the company. The conclusions from this study are as follows : First, the attitude toward brand has considerable dependence of effect on cause with the attitude toward event(0.49) and the involvement(0.16) by taking them as intermediate variables. Second, the image of company take direct effect from the attitude toward brand(0,25), take indirect effect from the attitude toward event(0,12) and take direct(0.44)·indirect(0.04) effect from the involvement. From these results we can notice that there is close relationship among the attitude toward event, involvement, the attitude toward brand and the image of the company. Companies need to try to develop the strategy of image between their own companies` identity(CI) and brand identity(BI) and also need to heighten the cooperation between the characteristics of the sports events when the companies choose the event for the sponsorship.

Surgical treatment of brain metastases: Review of 124 patients

이상복(Sang-Bok Lee),이정일(Jung-Il Lee) 대한두개저학회 2015 대한두개저학회지 Vol.10 No.1

Objective This study was performed to assess the outcomes and prognostic factors in the patientswith brain metastases who underwent surgery as the primary treatment. Materials and Methods Between January 1998 and June 2008, 124 patients were surgically treated for newly diagnosed brain metastases. Surgery was recommended as an initial treatment for the patients with Karnofsky performance scale(KPS) score not less than 60 and single accessible lesion or multiple lesions including at least one largesymptomatic lesion of superficial location. We assessed preoperative status, postoperative neurological outcomes, complications and survival through retrospective review of medical record and radiological data. Results Eighty five patients presented with single lesion and 39 patients with multiple lesions. Lung was the most common site of primary tumor(55, 44%) followed by breast (8, 6%), genitouninary(GU) system(renal, ovary and prostate) (21, 17%), gastrointestinal(GI) system(stomach, pancreas, rectal) (16, 13%), others(17, 14%), unknown primaries(7, 6%), and so on. Postoperatively, whole brain radiotherapy(WBRT) was performed in 112 patients(90%) and radiosurgery in 28 patients(23%). Compared with preoperative state, 103 patients(83%) showed improved neurological state during immediate postoperative period. Postoperative morbidity and mortality related to surgery developed in 15 patients (13.2%) and 2(0.9%) respectively. Overall median survival time was 34 weeks(range, 1- 380). Patients with single cerebral metastasis had a median survival time(MST) of 35weeks(range 1 380), whereas patients with multiple lesions had a MST of 33 weeks (range 2-131) showing no statistical difference between two groups(p = 0.13). Recursive partitioning analysis(RPA) class and status of extra-cerebral tumor were significant prognostic factors identified through univariate and multivariate analysis. Median survival of RPA class I patients was 53 weeks(range 2 380) significantly longer than 30 weeks(range 1 - 321) of RPA II or III patients(p = 0.001). Local recurrence of surgically treated lesions developed in 15 patients whereas recurrence at remote site from the operated lesion developed in 17 patients(14%) during the follow up period. So, local recurrence rate was 12% and 24% at 6 and 12 months after operation. Conclusion This analysis essentially confirms that surgical resection of symptomatic metastatic lesions relieve neurological symptoms rapidly with acceptable risk. Local control rate is seemingly better than that without surgery when compared with the data from the literature. The RPA class or extracranial disease activity are important prognostic factors of survival. Surgical excision of only symptomatic lesions followed by WBRT and radiosurgery resulted in median survival not worse than that of the patients with single lesion removed completely. Operative treatment of metastatic brain lesions should be tailored according to the clinical situation and traditional guide for surgical treatment needs to be refined.