의암인공호의 (衣岩人工湖) 오염화에 관한 육수학적 고찰 - 도시하수가 의암인공호의 수질 및 plankton 에 미치는 영향 -

조규송,라규환 ( Kyu Song Cho,Kyu Hwan Ra ) 한국하천호수학회 1971 생태와 환경 Vol.4 No.3·4

1) This study is a comparision of two sample stations which are not directly affected by sewage to a station which is directly affected. 2) Water temperature, pH, disolved oxygen, NH₃-N, NO₃-N, Cl^-, COD, BOD, Total hardness, PO₄^(-3) and Transparency were measured. Also plankton fauna were studied with neccessary considerations being given to seasonal variations. 3) The sewage outflow sample station howed high Cl^-, COD, BOD over the entire study period with especially high values during the summer. 4) In the sewage area the primary productivity of phytoplankton was found to be very high and oxygen saturation levels were found to be maximum at all depths for all three stations, except at station 3 where it was low for the bottom sample only. The low level on the station 3 bottom sample was stributed to the decomposition of bottom organic materials. 5) In the plankton composition studies, the genus Rotifera was found to be very much more abundant at station 3 than at the others. 6) At station 3 the dominant species (intolerant species) were as follows Astasia sp., Eudorina elegans, Euglena tripleris of protozoa, Brachionus calyciflorus, B. quadridentatus, B. urceolaris, Filina longiseta, Monostyla sp., Notholca acuminata Plstyias patulus of Rotifera, Anabaena sp., Aphanizomenon ovalisporum, Lyngbya acuminata, Osillaforia sancta of Cyanophyceae, and Mougeotia scalaris of Chlorophyta.

Cluster analysis 에 의한 소양호의 (昭陽湖) 수체 (水體) 분석

조규송,안태석,김범철,이동훈 ( Kyu Song Cho,Tae Seok Ahn,Bom Chul Kim,Dong Hun Lee ) 한국하천호수학회 1987 생태와 환경 Vol.20 No.3

Cluster analysis was applied for the distinction of the water body in Soyang lake, whcih is the largest lake in Korea. For this analysis, the sixteen environmental parameters, such as water temperature, nutrient salts, organic materials, etc were used as the input data. The total data matrix was 16 parameters X 47 points (in 14 sites). After Standardization, the Euclidean distances between two points were calculate. By the results, main stream of Soyang lake can be classified with 5 groups in March, 10 groups in February. And two shallow tributaries, showed different grouping pattern from main stream. In March, and November, the vertical mixing was detected, and in August, the water body above 10 m was showed complex grouping pattern, and showed two water bodies in middle layer, and one in bottom layer.

소양호 동물성플랑크톤의 수직분포

조규송,박영춘,조성주 ( Kyu Song Cho,Young Chun Park,Seong Ju Cho ) 한국하천호수학회 1989 생태와 환경 Vol.22 No.3

The vertical distribution and the seasonal variation of zooplankton community and environmental factors were surveyed in Lake Soyang, a mesotrophic warm monomictic reservoir from March to September 1986. The vertical distributions of zooplankton seem to be affected by dissolved oxygen concentration, since zooplankton density was low in the intermediate oxygen minimum layer. Filinia logiseta however, Filinia logiseta sometimes appeared at deeper layer (ca. 15 m) of high dissolved oxygen. Species compositions did not show much difference with those reported in 1970s, early years of impoundment. Seasonal variation of density ranged from 5,000 individuals/㎥ in March and April to 40,000 in summer.

소양호의 식물플랑크톤 천이

조규송,김범철,허우명,조성주 ( Kyu Song Cho,Bom Chul Kim,Woo Myung Heo,Sung Ju Cho ) 한국하천호수학회 1989 생태와 환경 Vol.22 No.3

The phytoplankton community succession was surveyed in a mesotrophic reservoir, Lake Soyang, from 1984 to 1988. Asterionella was dominant in winter and spring blooms all through the study period. The dominant species in summer was Peridinium bipes in 1984 and 1985. However, it was replaced with a bluegreen alga, Anabaena microspora in 1986 late summer and after the first advent the period of blugreen algal dominance showed increasing tendency year by year through 1988. The standing crops of other major taxa, dinoflagellates, diatoms, and green algae, remained at the similar level during the study period except bluegreen algae. Local blooms of Peridinium were still observed at stream inlet sites after the advent of bluegreen algae in 1986. The species diversity decreased year by year, from average 0.81 of Shannon-Wiener index in 1985 to 0.55 in 1988 mainly due to the increasing dominance of Anabaena sp. Bluegreen algal bloom in a nitrogen-rich lake is the unique feature. Nitrate nitrogen was maintained always above 0.5 mgN/1 during the study period. The scarcity of heterocysts in trichomes of Anabaena implies that nitrogen fixation is not essential in Lake Soyang because of high nitrogen content. The mechanism of bluegreen dominance in this N-rich water is to be studied further.

영랑호의 (永郞湖) 육수학적 (陸水學的) 연구

조규송,박양생 ( Kyu Song Cho,Yang Saeng Park ) 한국하천호수학회 1969 생태와 환경 Vol.2 No.1·2

The study of typical brackish water, Yong-nang lake, which is situated at the east seaside of Korea had been done from March, 1964 to August, 1968. The results obtained are as follows. 1. The difference of water temperature between epilimnion and hypolimnion in the lake is deeply appeared in Aug., Sept., Oct., Dec., and Jan. The possible range of water temperature is average 14℃, and katotherm and thermocline is revealed in 2 -4m during the period toward autumn from summer, respectively. 2. Being accumulated the gyttia which is the source of non-organic salt at the bottom, anaerobic layer increasing take place in summer. The fact that the salinity of the lake in summer attained higher content at 2 -5m layers than annual average values is caused by the inflow of seawater. It is generally considered that a lots of residual salt at the bottom is connected with the decomposition of the bottom. The concentration of salt is unstable and is seasonally variable. So the lake belongs to mixo-mesobaline of the mixoeuhaline. 3. Because the range of pH value (6.6-7.2) is less than average pH value (7.0-8.0) that fishes are suitable to live in, it must be considered that the selection of fitter fish for raising is important. 4. The content of dissolved oxygen in the lake is 6.8cc/l in mid-summer and the condition is suitable to aquatic organisms or plankton for raising. 5. The content of N.P. and K salts is 0.2-0.35ppm, 0.02-0.05 ppm and 1.1-1.4 meq/l, respectively and the lake belongs to mesotrophic. 6. As the lake is brackish water, plankton flora of fresh water and sea water are mixed up each other. Chlorophyceae of phytoplankton is abundant in the lake because the species is often inflowed into the lake from around stream and paddy field. Bacillariophyceae is the abundant species of the Chlorophyceae and the species of fresh water and sea water is distributed in the peat. The fact that Rotifera, Clodocela and Copepoda of zooplankton is simmiliar with the content of fresh water ones but Notholca and Ceratium fusus is generally abundant is a characteristic of microfauna in brackish water.

치악산 (雉岳山) 계류에 서식하는 둑중개 ( Cottus poecilopterus ) 의 초기발생 및 생태

조규송,변화근,김종비 ( Song Cho Kyu,Hwa Kun Byeun,Jong Pil Kim ) 한국하천호수학회 1993 생태와 환경 Vol.26 No.1

This study was performed to investigate ecological and early embryonic development of Cottus poecilopterus Heckel which is found along Chiak mountain stream, Shinheung-Dong, Socho-Myon, Weonju-Gun, Kang worn-Do province, during the period from March, 1992 to September, 1992. The area studied has mainly cobble bottoms, and the water current of the river ranges from 70cm to 80cm per second under normal conditions. The sex ratio of the male to female was 1 : 1.6, and male was 10∼15mm larger than the female in body length. Through the investigation of length frequences, age and growth of C. poecilopterus was analyzed. In male, 50∼60mm fish group is a yearling, 60∼80mm is two years old and longer than 100mm is regarded as being over three years old, while 40∼50mm group of female is a yearling, 60-7Omm is two years old and longer than 80∼100mm is regarded as three years old. Based on the ratio of gonadal weight to body weight, the spawing peoriod in this population was concentrated in April, and become sexually mature in two years old. In March and April, the mean total egg numbers in ovary were 264 and the diameter of mature egg was about 1.5±0.015mm. The eggs began to hatch appriximately about 235 hours after artificial fertilization and reached the free swimming stage 18 days after artificial fertilization at water temperature 9±1˚C. The stomach contents were abundant with aquatic insects.

양수계하에 (兩水系下) 있는 의암호의 (衣岩湖) 육수학적 (陸水學的) 조건과 Plankton 에 관한 비교연구

조규송,수야수언 (水野壽彦) ( Kyu Song Cho,Toshihiko Mizuno ) 한국하천호수학회 1977 생태와 환경 Vol.10 No.3·4

N/A

동해안 (東海岸) 기수호군의 (汽水湖群) 육수조건과 (陸水條件) Plankton 상의 비교 연구

조규송,홍사욱,나규환 ( Kyu Song Cho,Sa Uk Hong,Kyu Hwan Ra ) 한국하천호수학회 1975 생태와 환경 Vol.8 No.3·4

The aim of this study is to elucidate the characteristics of brackish water by comparing the limnological conditions and the fauna of plankton at the Yeongrang Ho, which is selected as one of the typical brackish water, and five others, located along the east coast of Kangwon-do, Korea. Except the Yeong rang Ho, all of these lakes are coverd with aquatic plants, and the types are generally shallow ones. The results obtained are as follows: 1) During the summer season (July, Aug., Sept.), at the Yeong rang Ho, the thermocline was found in the vertical distribution of water temperature. Still in other seasons the phenomena of clinolimnion revealed in lower layer 3m depth. This phenomena is dominated by the coastal wind the differences of concentration of salinity. 2) The range of pH value is 7.1∼8.2, and no differences are found in between Clion of surface and bottom of shallow. Thus the range from 8,000 to 2,500 mg/L is distinguished at Yeong rang Ho. Therefore the surface of mesoholine differs from polyholine in bottom. In accordance with this condition, the accumulation of salinity in bottom gives the cause of H₂S and other minerals. . As a result, it is recognized that these reasons are the limitiong factors of habitat. 3) The plankton component is somewhat different from the other areas, but net plankton fauna is very simple, because the lake is conditioned as brackish water with unstable situation. 4) Dominant species are as follows: Oscillatoria sancta (May, Jun, Jul) Lyngbya majuscula (Jun, Jul) Melosira nummuloides (Oct, Dec) Cocconeis placentula (Jul, Oct) Sinocalanus tenellus (May, Jun) Nauplius of copepods (May, Oct) Canthocamptus pacificus (Jul, Oct) Brachionus calyciflorus (May) Cladocera is scarcely found in all the lakes but the interesting factor is to find out some Bosimina coregoni, Sinocalanus tenellus, Pseudodiaptomus inopinus and Canthocamptus of Copepoda are found in all the lakes and Ps. inopinus is found in only three of these lakes. Brachionus budapestinensis, B. calyciflorus and Keratella cruciformis are found in all areas.

금강산댐 (金剛山) 건설에 따른 북한강 상류 수역의 환경 모니터링에 관한 연구

조규송,김범철,안태석,전상호,이종범 ( Kyu Song Cho,Bomchul Kim,Tae Seok Ahn,Sang Ho Jun,Chong Bum Lee ) 한국하천호수학회 1988 생태와 환경 Vol.21 No.1

Aquatic ecosystem was studied in Lake Paro to monitor the effects of the Keumkangsan Dam construction in North Korea. Water quality, pirmary productivity, and microbes were surveyed bimonthly in 1987. The texture and composition of sediments, and meterological aspects were also investigated. The most remarkable change of water quality was the increase of turbidity. due to the dam construction. Overall chemical and biological aspects were greatly changed because of the high turbidity. The concentration of phosphate increased and subsequently phytoplankton standing crop increased. The effect of phosphate increase was compensated by the decrease of light penetration, and, therefore, areal primary productivity was not so high as expected from the chlorophyll concentration. From the standing crop of microbes, the trophic state of Lake Paro was evaluated as mesotrophy. As for the horizontal variation of microbial activity, the microbial heterotrophy was higher in the upstream regions than in the downstream regions. Sediment types are almost clayey silt and the mean sizes of sediments were homogeneous through the whole lake area. Organic carbon contents of the sediment seemed to be influenced by seasonal variation of primary productivity. Air temperature on Lake Paro was about 2 ℃ lower and the relative humidity was about 10% higher than that of Chuncheon. The evaporation from lake surface estimated from the comparison of air temperature and surface water temperature was highest in autumn.

춘천시 (春川市) 도시 하수에 의한 의암호의 (衣岩湖) 수질오염에 관한 생물학적 조사 및 정화방안에 (淨化方案) 관한 연구

조규송,조동현,윤경민 ( Kyu Song Cho,Dong Hyun Cho,Kyung Min Yoon ) 한국하천호수학회 1978 생태와 환경 Vol.11 No.3·4

Physicochemical examination of waters and survey on the plankton and benthos in the lake Uiam were performed from March 1978 to December 1978. 1) The water temperature was not variable with depth except the summer stagnation period. 2) In the waters polluted directly from wastes of Chuncheon city (St. 3, 4), high concentration of Cl^-, NH₃-N and NO₂-N was recorded. 3) The fauna of plankton was subject to change under the influence from Chuncheon and Soyang reservoirs. The characteristic species of polluted places were Rotifers such as: Rotatoria spp., Conochilus unicornis, Poyarthra euryptera, Asplanchna priodonta, Asplanchna sp., Brachionus calycilorus, Br. calycilorus var. anuraeiformis, Bir. calycilorus var. amphiceros, Br. budapastinensis, Br. anqularis, Br. anqularis var. brevispinus, Br. urceolaris, Br. rubens; Br. plicatilis, Keratella cochlearis var. macrocantha, K. cochlearis var. tecta, K. valga f. asymmetrica, Anuraeopsis fissa, Argonotholca foliacea, Plathyios quadricornis, Monostyla sinuata, Filinia longiseta, Hexarthra mira, Pompholyx complanata, Ploesoma trunctum. 4) Dominancy of Chironomus in the upper stream of St. 2 and Tubifex in St. 4 seems to be depend upon the detritus of the lake. 5) For the maintenance of water quality it is worth while to construct a waste water refinery and a tributary pipe system. 6) It is recommended that no buildings should be constructed by the lake shore (Ex. zoning legistration for Wisconsin.)