수종 (數種) 수질오염물질이 활성오니중의 (活性汚泥) 효소활성에 미치는 영향

나규환,심정섭,이장훈 ( Kyu Hwan Ra,Jeong Seop Shim,Jang Hoon Lee ) 한국하천호수학회 1989 생태와 환경 Vol.22 No.4

The activity of β-galactosidase and dehydrogenase present in activated sludges has been meausred in order to determine the effects of pollutants such as Pb, Zn, phenol and AOS on the enzymes. The activities of β-galactosidase and dehydrogenase in the activated sludge were 57.44 unit and 450 unit, respectively when they were measured in the absence of the pollutants. At the same concentration, Pb has shown higher inhibition for the two enzymes than Zn. The activities of β-galactosidase and dehydrogenase were decreased by 54.51% and 52.0%, respectively when they were measured in a solution containing 5 ppm of Pb. Among the pollutants tested, phenol has shown the highest inhibition for the enzymes and then Pb, Zn and AOS in a decreasing order. The degradation capacity of the activated sludge for a lactose solution has been significantly reduced when Zn was added to the solution. However, the lactose removal efficiency was determined to be about 50% after a thiole compound, cysteine was introduced to the solution at a concentration 4 times of Zn.

금강하구의 (錦江河口) 이화학적 (理化學的) 수질환경과 저서생물에 (底棲生物) 관한 연구

조현영,나규환,홍사욱 ( Hyun Young Cho,Kyu Hwan Ra,Sa Uk Hong ) 한국하천호수학회 1978 생태와 환경 Vol.11 No.1·2

1. Seasonal variation of water and the influence of tidal current have investigated in the lower Keum river from Kang kyeong to Ung po, the period from July 1977 to April 1978. 2. The value of DO in this area didn`t found any difference in each site but according to the seasonal variation of DO in this area in the Spring it found 10.5∼11. lppm as almost higher value. The values of NH₃-N, NO₃-N and NO₂-N were not 0.05∼.0.09ppm, 0.1∼0.24ppm and 0.02∼0.13ppm respectively and didn`t found any difference in each site and each season. In generally the value of PO₄^(-3) and COD was 0.03∼0.07ppm and 0.02∼0.13ppm and also didn`t found any difference in each site and season. Judging from the value of PO₄^(-3) and COD it was not yet so pollution. 3. Due to the difference between the rise and fall of tide, the influence of a tidal current show a much disparity. But this investigation was proceed markly the time of low tide and the begining of low tide when the tidal current in the Kang kyeong area of Keum river was severely influenced, The value of Cl^- show 3224.4ppm and the value of K, Na and total hardness show also higher values, such as 71.3ppm, 1085.7ppm and 1228.0ppm respectively. In the Ung po area of this Keum river, the value of those were more higher than in Kang kyeong area. The each value of Cl^- and Na were 9084.8ppm and 4957.7ppm respectively, so it was received severely in the influence of tidal current in this area. Judging from the value of SAR, the value was 43.8 and not suitable for agricultural use. In the time when value of Cl^- was most low the value of Cl^- were 27.3ppm and 44.3ppm in the Kang kyeong and Yong du respectively, and also 61.6ppm and 374.3ppm in each of Kat gae and Ung poareas respectively. In this time the value of Na were 36ppm and 42.5ppm in the water of Kang kyeong and Yong du areas and 43.2ppm and 234.3ppm in the water of Kat gae and Ung po areas respectively. According to the SAR value the value was 7.9 in the water until Kat kae area it is suitable for agricultural use. 4. In view of aquatic creature the plankton that found in the north ocean or brackish areas such as Cosinodiscus anguste-lineatus, Melosira octogona, and Mestagloia sp, are dominant in this area but almost did not found any benthos.

도료공장폐수에 (塗料工場廢水) 관한 연구

김남천,나규환 ( Nam Cheon Kim,Kyu Hwan Ra ) 한국하천호수학회 1980 생태와 환경 Vol.13 No.3·4

A study on the treatability for waste water from the paint manufacturing plant by activated sludge process proved to be hopeful with following results: 1. The study revealed that highly concentrated suspened solid, colour, and composition of the paints can be removed through activated sludge process following primary chemical coagulation treatment. 2. It would appears that the same effect may be effected by batch feeding activated sludge process. 3. 41% of COD removal was achieved during coagulant demand Jar Test with chemical dose of 300mg/l. 4. Under continuous feeding, the following results were obtain ed; COD removal 75.7%, BOD 92.6% with detention time of 60 hours; in the aeration reactor COD 87.3%, BOD 95% removal, with detention time of 107 hours; respectivly COD 92.2%, BOD 96% removal, with detention time of 160 hours. respectivly. 5. Above result shows that time reguired for the aeration can be reduced for the existing plants, to a much lesser than that of 120 hours so that O& M costs may be saved. 6. 90% of COD, BOD removal can be achieved under the condition of 0.144 F/M ratio. 7. The substrate removal coefficient (km)was calculated as 0.46/hr.

남한강의 (南漢江) 수질 (水質)

홍사욱,나규환 ( Sa Uk Hong,Kyu Hwan Ra ) 한국하천호수학회 1978 생태와 환경 Vol.11 No.1·2

The water qualities of the south Han river investigated for 8 areas between the upper flows near the Yeo ryang to the middle flows near the Yang pyeong and also for 6 tributaries for a week from on May 31 during 1977. The value of the DO in this river have reduced gradually as the river flows were down along to the low course. But on the contrary the value of the BOD have a tendency to increase along to the low course consquentially it show a tendency to be slightly pollution. The value of hardness and Na were a little superior in these areas near the Chungju city which was many cement factories than the others upper flows and the mining of lime stone. But in the lower course from these areas these values decreasing gradually, and the pollution by the mine seweage slightly found in this area. The value of hardness and Na were especially higher in these tributaries which have polluted by the seweage of mine such as Okdong stream, Gijang stream and Golji stream than in the others streams for the many region of lime stone lies to the upper flow of south Han river. In generally, the value of pH and alkalinity in this south Han river were higher than in the north Han river.

화진포의 수질과 Plankton 에 관한 연구

홍사욱,조규송,나규환 ( Sa Uk Hong,Kyu Song Cho,Kyu Hwan Ra ) 한국하천호수학회 1969 생태와 환경 Vol.2 No.3·4

Water properties and plankton fauna in Hwajin-po which is located at the northern edge of eastern sea in the Kangwon province Korea, were investigated during the period of Aug. 14 and Oct. 7, 1969. respectively. The results obtained from which compared water characteristics with plankton fauna that composed of both exterior and interior lakes are as follows: ① The content of nitrogen compound in both lakes was similar with each other, and COD, alkalinity, total hardness, Cl, Ca and Mg hardness were appeared higher content in the exterior lake than in the interior lake. As for sea water inflow frequently into the external lake, so the large amount of these compounds considerably existed higher in the exterior. ② The fact that the content of PO₄^(-3) and Fe found similar with in both lakes were principally caused by geological nature. And the anount of SiO₂ in the interior lake was considerable higher value than that of the exterior lake, because of the several stream waters arounding the lake inflow frequently into this lake. ③ The authors could not abserve Cladocera of zooplankton in both lakes. The fact that the genus was not counted in the lakes agreed with the fact that the Cladocera did not observed in brackish water. ④ The number of Copepoda was found similar with both lakes, many amount of the common species that found in brackish or fresh water were observed in both lakes. ⑤ It is consumed that Mastigophore of protozoa was a main species in brackish water situated at external edge of the Hwajin-po.

동해안 (東海岸) 기수호군의 (汽水湖群) 육수조건과 (陸水條件) Plankton 상의 비교 연구

조규송,홍사욱,나규환 ( Kyu Song Cho,Sa Uk Hong,Kyu Hwan Ra ) 한국하천호수학회 1975 생태와 환경 Vol.8 No.3·4

The aim of this study is to elucidate the characteristics of brackish water by comparing the limnological conditions and the fauna of plankton at the Yeongrang Ho, which is selected as one of the typical brackish water, and five others, located along the east coast of Kangwon-do, Korea. Except the Yeong rang Ho, all of these lakes are coverd with aquatic plants, and the types are generally shallow ones. The results obtained are as follows: 1) During the summer season (July, Aug., Sept.), at the Yeong rang Ho, the thermocline was found in the vertical distribution of water temperature. Still in other seasons the phenomena of clinolimnion revealed in lower layer 3m depth. This phenomena is dominated by the coastal wind the differences of concentration of salinity. 2) The range of pH value is 7.1∼8.2, and no differences are found in between Clion of surface and bottom of shallow. Thus the range from 8,000 to 2,500 mg/L is distinguished at Yeong rang Ho. Therefore the surface of mesoholine differs from polyholine in bottom. In accordance with this condition, the accumulation of salinity in bottom gives the cause of H₂S and other minerals. . As a result, it is recognized that these reasons are the limitiong factors of habitat. 3) The plankton component is somewhat different from the other areas, but net plankton fauna is very simple, because the lake is conditioned as brackish water with unstable situation. 4) Dominant species are as follows: Oscillatoria sancta (May, Jun, Jul) Lyngbya majuscula (Jun, Jul) Melosira nummuloides (Oct, Dec) Cocconeis placentula (Jul, Oct) Sinocalanus tenellus (May, Jun) Nauplius of copepods (May, Oct) Canthocamptus pacificus (Jul, Oct) Brachionus calyciflorus (May) Cladocera is scarcely found in all the lakes but the interesting factor is to find out some Bosimina coregoni, Sinocalanus tenellus, Pseudodiaptomus inopinus and Canthocamptus of Copepoda are found in all the lakes and Ps. inopinus is found in only three of these lakes. Brachionus budapestinensis, B. calyciflorus and Keratella cruciformis are found in all areas.

의암호의 (衣岩湖) 이화학적 환경조사

홍사욱,조규송,나규환 ( Sa Uk Hong,Kyu Song Cho,Kyu Hwan Ra ) 한국하천호수학회 1969 생태와 환경 Vol.2 No.1·2

Limnological studies of the Uiam artifical lake located in the Chun chon city, in the chemical and physical point of view, chemical components and physical factors in this water, were made during a half year round from May to November in 1968. In the seasonal variation of water quality, amount of each component estimated in this lake was increased in a small measure in June in the Summer season, decreased a little in August after the rainy season, however, in October, slighthy increased again and in November gradually decreased according to the change of the atomosphoric temperature. Juding from seasonal and vertical variation of water quality, the Uiam lake can be seen one of the artifical reservios which shows a ordinary river`s nature. The order of rate of water pollution at three stations studied in the Uiam lake is as follows: St.2>St.l>St.3.

동기의 (冬期) 강원도계류의 육수학적 연구

임기흥,홍사욱,나규환 ( Ki Hung Rim,Sa Uk Hong,Kyu Hwan Ra ) 한국하천호수학회 1968 생태와 환경 Vol.1 No.1

In this paper investigated the kind of aquatic insects as well as aquatic algae and also detected water quality of mountain stream in Kang Won-Do during winter season and discussed the relation between water pollution and aquatic organisms.

한강수계의 (漢江水系) MBAS 오염에 관한 연구

홍사욱,손기수,나규환 ( Sa Uk Hong,Kee Soo Sohn,Kyu Hwan Ra ) 한국하천호수학회 1974 생태와 환경 Vol.7 No.3·4

Studied on the monthly variation of water quality in the Han river between Kwangjang bridge to Nanji island from May to September during 1973. Comparing with the water quality in each area, the concentration of COD and MBAS in Chyeong gae stream and Anyang stream was more higher than that of the Han river. And it was considered that the streams were very polluted for the waste water influence of from Seoul city. Comparing the Han river to upper site(Kwangjang bridge) of it the upper site was not polluted but the Han river was going to polluted for the wastewater influence from Seoul city. In this experiment, the MBAS analytical value was compared statiscally with the value of DO and COD, it showed that there was the relationship between MBAS and DO, COD.

이리시 (裡里市) 일원 정수의 위생화학적 (衛生學的) 연구

홍사욱,안영식,나규환,안연형 ( Sa Uk Hong,Young Gun Ahn,Kyu Hwan Ra,Youn Hyoung Ahn ) 한국하천호수학회 1973 생태와 환경 Vol.6 No.3·4

Hygienic and chemical research were proceed in the several wells among the 4 areas of I-Ri city, such as Mokchun-dong near the Man gyoung bridge, Dongsan-dong upper side of Mokchun-dong along the Man gyoung river, Namchung-dong in the north side of this city and Mohyun-dung in the northwest side of this city in August during Summer, 1970. Compare with the drinking water standard in our country, nearly all the wells water in this 4 areas was unsuitable for drinking water. In especially the concentration of Cl^- in those wells water of 4 areas are higher than those of most another county in our country. The concentration of Fe, NH₃-N and KMnO₄ consumed in the wells water of Mokchun-dong and the concentration of Fe and KMnO₄, consumed in the wells water of Dongsan-dong are higher value than that of the drinking water standard. In some of the wells, both of Nam chun and Mohyun-dong, the concentration of KMnO₄, consumed, Fe were found also higher value than that of standard.