대두의 품종에 관한 연구 -제4보 파종기별 수량과 제특성과의 관계-

장권열,Kwon-Yawl Chang 한국작물학회 1964 Korean journal of crop science Vol.- No.2

대두품종의 파종기별 수량과 제특성간의 관계, 그리고 파종기별 수량의 품종간의 차이를 알고자 1962년과 1963년의 각 파종기에 대하여 실험한 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 파종기별 수량과 몇가지 생태적 특성과의 상관관계는 Table 1과 같이 대체로 개화일수와 생육일수는 극만파(7월파종)의 경우를 제외하고 수량과 정의 상관을 보이고 그 정도는 조기파종구에 있어서 더욱 높았다. 그리고 개화기간은 수량과 부의 상관의 경향이 보이고 결실일수는 년차나 파종기에 따라서 그 관계가 명료하지 아니 하였다. 2. 파종기별 수량과 몇가지 형태적 특성과의 상관관계는 Table 2와 같이 대체로 분기수 경직경 1주중량, 1주맥수 그리고 1주입수는 수량과 어느 파종기에 있어서도 정의 상관관계를 보이고 경장과 수량 그리고 100 입중과 수량간에는 년차 파종기에 따라서 그 관계가 명료하지 아니하였다. 따라서 수량에 영향하는 특성은 개화일수, 생육일수의 두 생태적 특성과 함께 분기수, 경직경, 1주중량, 1주맥수 그리고 1주입수의 제형태적 특성이라고 할 수 있겠다. 3. 품종수량순위가 파종기에 따라 변동하는 경향을 보면 Table 3과 같이 대체로 공시품종중 울산, 상두, 장단백자, 익산, 함안, 반청두, 안전대입은 어느 파종기에 있엇도 높은 수량을 나타내고 이들은 성숙군이 IV, V, VI에 해당하는 중, 만생종으로 우리나라 중요재래품종들이며 극조생종이나 극만생품종은 수량은 떨어지나 극조생 또는 조생종중에서도 Black Hawk, 충북백 등은 만파의 우연에, 만생종인 동산006 등은 조파의 경우에 높은 수량을 보이는 품종들이었다. 4. 품종별 수량이 파종기에 따라서 변동하는 경향을 보면 Table 4와 같이 대체로 조생종에 있어서는 파종기 연장에 따라 수량 감소의 정도가 낮고 도리어 조파보다 만파의 경우에 좋은 성적을 나타 내었으나 중생종, 만생종일수록 파종기 연장에 의한 수량 감소의 정도가 높았다. 옥면과 같은 극만생종 품종은 조반의 경우라도 상해 등으로 본실험지의 기후조건 하에서는 경제적 재배가 곤란하다고 믿는다. 따라서 조생종에 있어서는 5월 이후의 만파의 경우에, 중, 만생종에 있어서는 4월보다 도리어 5월 파종의 경우에 좋은 성적을 나타내는 경향이 있으나 품종별 파종 최적기 등의 결정문제는 앞으로 해결되어야 할 한 과제가 될 수 있을 것이라 하겠다. Experiments were carried out to clarify the relationships between seed yields and some ecological characteristics, seed yields and some morphological characteristics, and the relationships among the varietal yields on the several sowing plots when grown under different climatic conditions. Twenty-four soybean varieties were used as the material, selected at random from 138 varieties which were cultivated the year before. These varieties were grown in the Experimental Farm, Chinju Agricultural College, Kyung Sang Namdo, Korea, and seed sowing was conducted at 5 times, from April to July, in 1962 and 1963. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Correlations between seed yields and some ecological characteristics on the sowing date bases are shown in Table 1. Among some ecological characteristics, it was observed that there wert close relationships between seed yields and days to flowering, and between seed yields and the total growing length, except on the late sowing, i.e. July sowing plots, However, there was no clear correlation between seed yields and durations of flowering, and between seed yields and days from flowering to maturity. 2. Correlations between seed yields and some morphological characteristics on the sowing date bases are shown in Table 2. From this table, it was also observed that there were some close relationships between seed yields and branch number for plant, stem diameter, plant weight, pod number per plant, and grain number per plant, but there was no clear relationship between seed yields and stem length, and between seed yields and 100 grain weight, on every sowing plot. 3. Relations between varietal yields and the sowing dates are shown in Table 3. Our leading varieties such as Ulsan, Sangdoo, Changdan Backmok, Iksan, Haman, Barchongdeo, and Anion Daerip, which belong to the maturity groups of IV, V, and VI, have been significantly high in yield at each sowing date plot, but the extreme early varieties, that frequently are damaged by insects, moisture and diseases, and the extreme late varieties, that frequently are caught by frost suffering reduced yield, are showed a lower yield than the others. However, extreme early varieties, for instance, Black Hawk, an American variety, and Chung Buk Baek, a Korean early variety, showed high productivity on the late sowing, June and July sowing plots, and Do san No. 6, which is late Japanese variety, showed a high yield on the extreme early sowing, i.e. April sowing plots. 4. Relations between seed yields and the sowing dates on the varietal bases are shown in Table 4. It was observed that, the early varieties did not differ much in yields at the various sowing dates while the yields of late varieties decreased progressively with subsequent dates. However, the extreme late varieties, such as Tamanishiki, that frequently are caught by frost suffering reduced yield, may be difficult to harvest at this location. The results in these experiments showed that in most cases maximum yields were obtained when leading varieties, which are medium or late varieties, were shown in Mid-May, and progressively lower yields were produced from June and July sowings. On the other hand, the late sowings of the early varieties, such as Black Hawk and Chung Buk Baek, in these experiments showed favorable yields compared with the others. From these results, we can predict that our local medium or late varieties produce higher yields at this location than was produced by early varieties in most of the sowing dates, especially the May sowing, and early varieties such as Black Hawk and Chung Buk Baek should be used in the late sowing, June sowing time.

대두의 근계에 관한 연구 제 1 보 지상부와 근계와의 관계

장권열,Kwon-Yawl Chang 한국작물학회 1973 Korean journal of crop science Vol.- No.13

The experiment was carried out to make clear the root characters and relationships among some quantitative characters of soybeans. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Stem diameter was shown the greater growing in thickness after one month from sowing than the earlier stage, and the greater growing was shown in fertile bed soil than in sand soil. 2. The elongation of plant top in soybean plant was also shown the greater rate in bed soil than in sand soil 3. The length of plant root was longer than the length of plant top in the earlier stage of growing, and the length of root was much greater in sand soil than in fertile bed soil. 4. Weight of plant top was shown more in bed soil than in sand soil, but this tendency was shown more greater rate in the length of plant top than in weight of plant top. 5. Weight of root was more compared with weight of plant top in the earlier stage of growth, and also more greater rate was shown in sand soil than in fertile bed soil. 6. Highly significant correlations were shown among five quantitative characters, namely stem diameter, length of top, weight of top, length of root and weight of root, etc. 대두의 근계에 관한 연구의 제1보로 3개품종을 상토와 모래의 2개토양에서 각시기별로 재료를 채취하여 몇 개형질에 대한 조사측정을 하고 통계처리를 한 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 경직경의 비대는 발육초기 1개월까지는 완만하며 8월하순이후부터 급격하여지고 모래보다 상토에서 그 비대정도가 높았다. 2. Top의 길이의 신장도 발육 1개월이후부터 급격하여지고 모래보다 상토에서 더욱 신장이 잘된다. 3. Top길이보다 Root길이가 발육초기 1개월까지는 길고 Root의 길이는 반대로 상토보다 모래에서 신장이 잘된다. 4. Top무게도 발육초기 1개월까지는 완만히 증가하고 모래보다 상토에서 무겁게 나타나나 Top길이보다 Top무게의 경우에 그 증가의 정도가 완만하다. 5. Top무게보다 Root무게는 발육초기 1개월까지는 무거우며 상토에서 모래보다 무겁게 나타난다. 6. 5개형질 상호간에는 모래, 상토, 전체에 있어서 어느것이나 높은 상관관계를 보이고 Root길이와의 관계를 보면 Top무게, Top길이, Root무게, 경직경의 순서로 높은 상관계수를 나타내었다. 7. Root무게와의 관계를 보면 경직경, Top무게, Top길이, Root길이의 순서로 상관계수가 높았다.

대두엽형에 관한 유전연구 제 1보 엽부위별 각형질의 평균치, 분산, 유전력 그리고 상관

장권열,김석현,Kwon-Yawl Chang,suk-hyeon Kim 한국작물학회 1979 Korean journal of crop science Vol.24 No.1

대두의 엽부위별 각 형질의 평균치, 분산, 유전력을 추정하고 각 형질 상호간의 상관관계를 본 바. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1 엽병장, 주소엽엽병장, 주소엽장, 주소엽폭, 주소엽면적, 측소엽장, 측소엽폭, 측소엽면적 등 제형질은 품종에 따라 평균치가 다르며 이들 형질도 품종의 한 특성이 될 수 있었다. 2. 엽형을 구성하는 제형질 중에서 엽병장의 유전력은 낮고. 엽장보다 엽폭의 유전력이 높았으며, 엽면적에 있어서는 주소엽과 측소엽의 엽면적의 유전력은 모두 높았다. 3. 각형질 상호간의 상관관계를 본바 엽병장과 타형질간에는 정의 상관관계가 보이지 않고, 주소엽이나 측소엽에 있어서 엽장과 엽폭 간에는 정의 상관관계가 없었으나. 엽장과 엽면적간, 엽폭과 엽면적간에는 주소엽, 측소엽을 불문하고 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과를 미루어 보아 대두의 복엽중 1수의 주소엽의 면적과 2수의 측소엽의 면적간에 높은 상관관계가 있고. 엽면적은 엽장과 엽폭에 의해서 결정되므로, 엽면적의 광협, 엽장과 엽폭의 장단은 품종의 특성으로서도 중요하므로, 이들 형질에 관여하는 유전자의 수, 유전자의 지배가에 대한 유전연구는 남은 중요과제가 될 수 있다고 믿는다. Eight characters namely stalk length of trifoliate, stalk length of terminal leaflets, length of terminal leaflets, width of terminal leaflets, area of terminal leaflets, length of laternalleaflets, width of laternal leaflets, area of laternal leaflets in leaf parts of soybeans were measured to estimate the heritability values in percentage and relationships between those characters. Five parents and six different $_{x}\textrm{F}_2 generations and two backcross generations were used as the materials. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Eight quantitative characters were differ from varieties. and hybrids from different cross combinations. 2. Heritability values of stalk length were showed the lowest, values of leaf length were lower than those of leaf width in both of main leaflets and laternal leaflets, and other values of leaf area in main and laternal leaflets were showed the highest values. 3. It was also recognized that there were close relationships between leaf length and leaf area, leaf width and leaf area in main leaflets and laternal leaflets, and area of main leaflets and laternal leaflets. There was, however, no any relationship between stalk length and other characters, and between length and width of main leaflets and laternal leaflets.

이면교잡에 의한 수도의 양적형질의 유전분포 제 1 보 세대별 각형질의 Heterosis정도의 차이

장권열,전병태,곽용호,Kwon-Yawl Chang,Byung-Tae Jun,Yong-Ho Kwak 한국작물학회 1978 Korean journal of crop science Vol.23 No.2

7 X 7이면교잡에 의한 수도의 양적형질에 대한 Heterosis정도와 조합능력을 검정하기 위하여 몇가지 실험을 한바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 출수일수에 있어서는 교배친의 평균치에 비하여 F_1세대의 전조합의 평균치가 105%의 Heterosis정도를 보이고 BL-1과 밀양1005의 품종이 교배친으로 되어 있는 $_{x}\textrm{F}_1세대에서는 현저한 Heterosis를 나타내었다. 2. 간장에 있어서는 교배조합에 따라서 Heterosis 정도가 다르나 장간종인 Columbia II와 단간종인 Waito가 교배친으로 되어 있는 조합은 Heterosis정도가 높고, Waito가 교배친으로 되어 있는 $_{x}\textrm{F}_1세대에서는 초우성이 나타났으며, 어느조합에 있어서도 $_{x}\textrm{F}_2세대보다 $_{x}\textrm{F}_1세대에서 Heterosis정도가 크게 나타났다. 3. 수장에 있어서도 $_{x}\textrm{F}_1세대에서의 Heterosis정도가 $_{x}\textrm{F}_2세대보다 현저하고 Columbia II, Waito, BL-1, 밀양1005, YR675-153-2-2등이 교배친으로 되어 있는 조합에서는 Heterosis정도가 현저하고 또한 이들 조합의 $_{x}\textrm{F}_1세대에서는 대부분 초우성으로 나타났다. 4. 수수에 었어서도 $_{x}\textrm{F}_1세대에서의 Heterosis정도가 $_{x}\textrm{F}_2세대보다 현저하고, BL-1, Waito, YR67S-153-2-2, 밀양1005가 교배친으로 되어 있는 $_{x}\textrm{F}_1세대와 BL-1과 Waito가 교배친으로 되어 있는 $_{x}\textrm{F}_2세대에서 초우성으로 나타난 조합이 많았다. 5. 지엽장에 있어서는 조합에 따라 Heterosis 정도가 매우 다르나 BL-1과 Waito가 교배친으로 되어 있는 $_{x}\textrm{F}_1, $_{x}\textrm{F}_2세대에서 Heterosis정도가 높고, Waito가 교배친으로 되어 있는 $_{x}\textrm{F}_1세대에서는 초우성으로 나타났다. 6. 지엽폭도 지엽장과 같이 BL-1과 Waito가 교배친으로 되어 있는 조합에 한해서 Heterosis정도가 현저하다. 7. 추출도는 어느 조합에 있어서도 현저한 Heterosis 정도를 나타내었으며, $_{x}\textrm{F}_1세대에서 현저한 초우성을 나타내었다. 8. 천입중에 대한 Heterosis정도는 어느 조합에 있어서도 현저하지 아니하였다. 9. $_{x}\textrm{F}_2세대에서의 입중의 Heterosis정도는 영남조생과 Waito가 교배친으로 되어 있는 조합에 한해서 현저한 Heterosis를 보이고 그중에서도 영남조생\timesIR24 영남조생 \timesColumb II에서는 초우성을 나타내었다 7 parent varieties and 21 $_{x}\textrm{F}_1 and $_{x}\textrm{F}_2 hybrids from 7 X 7 partial diallel crosses were used as the materials, and degree of heterosis was studied in 9 agronomic characters of rice. Degree of heterosis was more remarkable in $_{x}\textrm{F}_1 hybrids than $_{x}\textrm{F}_2 hybrids. and significant differences were showed in many hybrid generations. and also over dominance could be shoo wed in eight characters except 1000 kernel weight of rice.

이면교잡에 의한 수도의 양적형질의 유전분포 제2보 각형질별 세대에 따른 유전자 분포상태의 차이

장권열,전병태,곽용호,Kwon-Yawl Chang,Byung-Tae Jun,Yong-Ho Kwak 한국작물학회 1978 Korean journal of crop science Vol.23 No.2

수도의 7개품종과 이들 품종을 교배친으로 하여 9개형질에 대한 7$\times$7, 5$\times$5이면교잡의 경우에 $F_1$ 세대와 $F_2$세대에 따라서 각형질에 관여하는 유전자의 분포상태를 본바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 출수일수, 수장, 수수, 지엽장, 천립중의 5개형질은 7$\times$7, 5$\times$5 이면교잡의 $F_1$세대에서 불완전우성을 나타내었다. 2. 간장, 지엽폭, 추출도는 $F_1$세대에서 초우성을 나타내었고 수중에 있어서는 $F_2$ 세대에서 초우성을 나타내었다. 3. 간장은 $F_1$ 세대에서는 초우성이었으나 $F_2$ 세대에서는 불완전우성으로 나타내었고 대체로 불완전우성을 나타낸 형질에 있어서도 교배조합에 따라서 교배친에 따라서 초우성을 나타낸 조합이 많으며, 특히 수중의 $F_2$ 세대에서 초우성을 나타낼 본실험의 결과는 수도의 다수품종 육성을 위하여는 교배조합의 결정이 매우 중요하고, 다수품종의 육성의 가능성을 말해주고 있는 것이 다. Partial dominance was exhibited by flowering(heading), panicle length, panicle numbers, $F_1$ag leaf length, 1000 kernel weight in $F_1$ and $F_2$ hybrids by 7 \times 7 and 5 \times 5 diallel crosses. Over dominance was exhibited by culm length, flag leaf width, appearance degree of panicle in $F_1$ generation of the crosses, and also over dominance was exhibited by kernel weight in $F_2$ generation of the crosses.

이면교잡에 의한 수도의 양적형질의 유전분포 제3보 일단조합능력과 특정조합능력의 세대별 차이

장권열,전병태,곽용호,Kwon-Yawl Chang,Byung-Tae Jun,Yong-Ho Kwak 한국작물학회 1978 Korean journal of crop science Vol.23 No.2

Degree of dominance for culm length, panicle numbers, flag leaf fwidth and panicle weight showed higher values than the others, and additive protions in variance components were more greater than heterosis protions for many characters. Average gene frequency showed low values for all characters, GCA were more greater than SCA, and the effects of GCA and SCA were differ from parents, crosses, generation and characters.

小豆育種에 있어서의 選拔指數의 應用과 選拔効率

Kwon Yawl Chang(張權烈) 한국육종학회 1969 한국육종학회지 Vol.1 No.1

小豆의 多收系統 選拔에 관한 基礎的 材料를 얻고자 小豆의 8個形質을 對象으로 各形質 相互間의 表現型共分散, 遺傳共分散, 環境共分散 등을 計算하고 여러가지 選拔指數를 作成하여 選拔實驗을 한 바 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. (1) 各形質相互間의 表現型共分散의 값보다 遺傳共分散의 값이 大體로 크고 環境共分散은 그 값의 變動이 甚하다. (2) 各形質을 選拔對象 形質로 하여 選拔指數를 作成한 바 第2表 및 第3表와 같이 形質의 組合에 따라서 選拔에 관여하는 各形質의 加重値(weight)는 다르나 符號는 大體로 同一하다. (3) 選拔指數에 依한 遺傳的 進展과 그의 關係效率을 본바 單一形質에 있어서는 莢數, 1株重量, 100粒重의 效率이 높고 單一形質보다 2個形質을, 2個形質보다, 3個 形値을, 選拔對象形質로 하여 選拔하는 것이 效果的이라는 것은 알 수 있다. 지금까지의 結果를 綜合하면 小豆에 있어서는 莖長(X₂), 莖直徑(X₃), 莢數(X_5) 100粒重(X_7)의 4個形質中에서 2-3 形質을 選拔對象形質로 하여 選拔指數를 作成하여 選拔에 應用하는 것이 時間과 勞力 그리고 選拔效果面에 있어서 效果的일 것으로 믿는다. The studies were intended to clarify the effects of selection in Adzuki bean breeding. F₄ progeny populations in an Adzuki bean cross were used as the materials, and eight characters, namely days to flowering, stem length, stem diameter, number of branch per plant, number of pods per plant, total plant weight, 100 grain weight, and grain weight per plot were measured or an individual plant basis. Selection indexes were calculated by phenotypic and genotypic covariances between the characters, and genetic advances and relative efficiency were also calculated for these characters. The results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) The values of genotypic covariances were slightly higher than those of phenotypic covariances between the characters. (2) Many selection indexes which contain 1-7 characters in calculation were obtained as shown in Tables 2 and 3, and they show the genetic advances and relative efficiency which were calculated with various selection indexes. These results suggest, selection index technique is useful in Adzuki bean breeding. In reality, however, as the selection index varies with population and environment in which the population is located. Inspire of the expected usefulness of selection index technique in Adzuki bean breeding, unsolved problems such as the expense, time and labor involved in calculating the selection index remain. For these reasons and from these studies, it was realized that the selection index for the selection should be calculated on the basis of the data of some 3-4 characters stem length, stem diameter, number of pods per plant, and 100 grain weight, etc. These characters should be very useful agronomic characters in the selection of Korean Adzuki beans, as they could be measured or counted easily thus saving time and expense, and have a greater effect on more Adzuki bean yield than the other agronomic characters.

大豆의 密植適應性品種「慶南3號」

Kwon Yawl Chang(張權烈),Mi Suk Ko(高美錫),Zhin Ryong Choe(崔震龍) 한국육종학회 1972 한국육종학회지 Vol.4 No.2

As a result of research efforts to produce more higher yielding variety with the adaptative ability to higher plant density, a new soybean variety named Kyung Nam No.3 was developed. It was produced through the pedigree method and the cross of Ulsan (Korean local variety) and Tamaoki Wase (Japanese variety) was conducted at Chinju National Agricultural College in 1963. 113.6% of higher yielding ability was recorded compared with the control variety, Kyung-Nam No.1, under various conditions for plant density in yield trial. It was also recognized that this variety showed the good result for many environmental conditions as an adaptative variety in Finlay’s adaptation test.

우리나라의 古農書 Ⅲ. 荳科作物의 種類와 品種의 變遷(1492-1886)

Kwon Yawl Chang(張權烈) 한국육종학회 1988 한국육종학회지 Vol.20 No.4

10 kinds of leguminous crops were illustrated in 21 books among those old publications published before 1886. I could find that 9 kinds of legumes, i.e. soybean, Adzuki bean, mungbean, cowpea, pea, broad bean, kidney bean, hyacinth bean, and peanuts, and also could find that soybean, Adzuki bean, mungbean, cowpea and pea were cultivated more than 500 years in Korea, but broad bean, kidney bean, hyacinth bean, Yokohama bean and peanuts were introduced during 1787-1886. Several other leguminous crops, lima bean, jack bean, scarlet bean, pigeon pea and winged bean were also introduced during 20 century into Korea. Variety names and their characteristics of varieties were recorded on soybean, Adzuki bean and mungbean in old books published during 1492-1886. 8 soybean varieties and their characteristics of soybean were illustrated in old books published during 1492-1799, and 14 soybean varieties and their characteristics of soybean were illustrated in old books published during 1825-1845. 7 varieties names and their characteristics of Adzuki bean were illustrated in old books published during 1492-1799, and 11 varieties and their characteristics of Adzuki bean were also illustrated in old books published during 1825-1845. Just two variety names and their characteristics of mungbean were illustrated in old books published in 1492-1845, in Korea. No varietal name of other leguminous crops was illustrated except soybean, Adzuki bean and mungbean in old books published during 1492-1845. Futhermore, leguminous crops were illustrated in 21 kinds of old books, and names of soybean varieties, Adzuki bean varieties, and mungbean varieties were ilustrated in 9 kinds of old books published during 1492-1845. Among those many old publications concerned with agriculture, Kumyang Jamrok published in 1492, Sanlim Kyungje in 1700, Kosasinseo in 1771, Haedong Nongseo in 1798-1799, Hyaengpoji in 1825, Nongjung Hyeoyo in 1830, and Yimwon Kyongjeji published in 1825-1845, are more worthful old publications concerned with agriculture to evaluate the ancient farming, crops and varietal recognizations.

우리나라의 古農書 Ⅶ. 果樹類의 種類, 名稱과 品種名(1400-1886)

Kwon Yawl Chang(張權烈) 한국육종학회 1989 한국육종학회지 Vol.21 No.3

More than 230 kinds of old books concerned with agriculture were published during of Chosun-dynasty(Yi-dynasty) in Korea. Thirty-one kinds of fruit trees were described in 16 kinds of old books among those 230 kinds of old books concerned with agriculture published from 1500 to 1886. Six old books, samlim-kyungje, Jungbo-Sanlimkyungje, Kosasinseou, Haengpoji and Yimyon-Kyungieji were very important old books to recognized the names of kinds and varieties of fruit trees, and in which 58 variety names of 16 kinds of fruit trees, namely pear, persimmon, chestnut, peach, plum, jujube, apricot, pomegranate, oranges, citron, grape, cherry, Oriental pear, wild apple and apple, etc., were described. It could be recognized that older fruit trees more than 600 years were jujube, chestnut, pear, pine nut, peach, Oriental apricot, plum, walnut, pomegranate, persimmon, citron and oranges, and also could be recognized that grape were described in 1400, cherry were described in 1600, apple in 1700, and fig were described in 1842-1845 in old books, related to agriculture, respectively.