Effects of Energy Substrates on In Vitro Fertilization of the Mouse Oocytes with Cumulus Mass and their Developments

김충현,장은주,정경순,박소현,황도영,김기철,민응기,Kim, Chung-Hyon,Chang, Eun-Ju,Cheong, Kyung-Soon,Park, So-Hyun,Hwang, Do-Yeong,Kim, Ki-Chul,Min, Eung-Gi The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 1996 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.23 No.3

난구세포는 lactate와 pyruvate를 쉽게 생성하고, 이로 인해 배양액내 에너지원의 농도를 변화시켜 난자의 수정과 배양에 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있다. Glucose, lactate 및 pyruvate의 농도가 상이한 M16, MTF 및 CZB배양액에서 난구세포를 포함한 생쥐난자의 체외 수정과 발달을 관찰하여, 이들 기질의 영향에 대하여 살펴보고 배양액의 유용성을 재검토하고자 하였다. Glucose를 제거한 배양액 (CZ2 배양액)에서 수정율과 배반포 형성율은 다른 배양액에 비해 유의하게 감소되었으나 (p<0.05), 생쥐 난관액과 동일한 기질 농도로 조성된 MTl (난간액이 난구세포를 포함하고 있을 때) 및 MT2배양액 (난관액이 난구세포를 포함하고 있지 않을 때)과 glucose를 포함한 modified CZB배양액에서는 영향이 없었다. 이와 같은 결과로 기질의 농도를 생리적 수준으로 조정한 배양액의 이용은 난구세포를 포함한 생쥐 난자의 체외수정과 그 발달을 향상시키지 못하고, glucose의 제거는 악영향을 나타내는 것으로 사료된다. Cumulus cells have possibly influence on fertilization of mouse oocytes and their subsequent development in vitro, because they readily produce lactate and pyruvate and can modify the concentration of substrates in the medium. In vitro fertilization of mouse oocytes with cumulus mass and their developments in five media which were differently composed in concentrations of glucose, lactate and pyruvate were observed. In the absence of glucose (CZ2 medium) decreased (p<0.01) the percentage of fertilization and embryos reaching the blastocyst stage. But, in the same concentration of glucose, lactate and pyruvate as mouse oviductal fluid with (MT1 medium) and without (MT2 medium) cumulus mass and modified CZB medium containing glucose (CZ1 medium) had no effects (p>0.05). These studies indicate that the adjustments of energy substrates concentration to the physiological level did not improve the fertilization of mouse oocytes with cumulus mass and their development in vitro, and the deletion of glucose showed adverse effects.

ICR계 생쥐 1세포배를 이용한 수질의 평가

김충현,정경순,박소현,황도영,김기철,민응기,Kim, Chung-Hyon,Cheong, Kyung-Soon,Park, So-Hyun,Hwang, Do-Yeong,Kim, Ki-Chul,Min, Eung-Gi 대한생식의학회 1994 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.21 No.1

To confirm the overcome of in vitro 2-cell block, ICR mouse I-cell embryos were cultured in CZB media. All embryos in CZB were overcome in vitro 2-cell block and 92% of embryos were developed to the blastocyst at day 4. However, in m-KRB group(control) only 20% of embryos were developed over 2-cell. Any embryos in m-KRB did not develop to the morular stage. Developments and degenerations of ICR mouse I-cell embryos were compared in CZB medium prepared with water of three quality:(l) Milli-Q ultrafiltration water(UF);(2) Milli-Q reverse osmosis water(RO);(3) tap water(TAP). The objective was to evaluate the potential of quality control using ICR mouse 1-cell embryos. The more water was purified, the better embryo developments were supported and the less embryos were degenerated. As a quality control system, the culture of ICR 1-cell mouse embryos in CZB was useful.

앙리 4세의 개종 원인에 대한 고찰

김충현(Chung-Hyun Kim) 한국세계문화사학회 2007 세계 역사와 문화 연구 Vol.0 No.16

After four years of push-pulling domestic conflicts between Royal Army made up of Royalist Catholics and Protestants and Catholic League, Offenders, eventually, Henri Ⅳ performed the ceremony of conversion on 25th of July in 1593 at the Saint Denis Cathedral. Arch bishop of Bourges, Frenaud de Beanune conducted the ceremony. His conversion didn’t settle the conflicts, but the justice in the resistance of the Catholic League lost its approval. The important effect is that his conversion made the stable status. As Saint Denis Cathedral is the historical place, it was enough to approve the special relationship between God of France and the French and King’s divine authority. It was where King Clovis received the catechism from the bishop, St. Solime. Also souls of French kings were buried there. In Saint Denis, the conversion of Henry Ⅳ which means spiritual death and rebirth played a role to show the symbolic destination of him to inherit the heavenly God’s kingdom, tying King Henry Ⅳ with the preceding French kings. The Conversion of Henry Ⅳ was concerned for various reasons. Above all, political factions made Henry Ⅳ unfaithful for his consciousness. The excommunication of the Holy See for Henry and its support for the Catholic League, the union of the Catholic League and Spain King, the call for Estates-General of the Catholic League for king selection and the formation of the tiers parti of royalists and moderate leaguers etc. make Henry Ⅳ be afraid of losing throne. Therefore in this crucial moment, Henry Ⅳ decided to abjure his religion to get the throne and defeat foreign power and revolts. But there are a lots of problem in regarding conversion of Henry Ⅳ as ambition for the throne. Because it seems that his conversion is not hypocritical without religious sincerity or patriotism. Henry Ⅳ insisted education in Catholic religion before conversion and then practiced that. This means that he intended to abjure with religious conviction. And as Henry Ⅳ explained himself about reason of conversion, he wanted to finish cⅣil war and recover national peace. This means that he give priority to nation than his conscience. The most important reason for conversion must be the attributes which French throne has had. French throne can be succeeded to only french men by the salique law. And then according to the tradition which Clovis and Pepin had made, King of France must be sanctified by catholic ceremony. Henry Ⅳ was a legitimate successor by salique law, but he could not sanctified because he was protestant. Therefore Henry Ⅳ could not help abjure to be a perfect King.

기업 이슈광고의 시의성 유형과 소비자의 이슈 관여도에 따른 효과 연구

김충현 ( Chung Hyun Kim ),조재수 ( Jae Soo Cho ),이혜경 ( Hae Kyun Lee ) 한국PR학회 2010 PR연구 Vol.14 No.2

Recently, as differentiation of product quality diminishing, building differential association through positive corporate association or corporate image has been recognized as a key communication objective to be obtained, and corporate ads which deal with the corporate social responsibility activities become a limelight of practical and academical areas. Our study examines the effects of corporate ads(attention, attitude toward ads, attitude toward sponsors) on the assumption that they can be different by the timing of issue advertising(situational/continuous) and consumers` issue involvement(high/low). The results of the study showed that the attention to issue advertisements are higher for the situational issue advertising than for the continuous advertising and the effect was moderated by consumers` issue involvement. While there was no differences between the two timing types of issue advertising in terms of ad attitudes, however, the current research showed that consumers` attitudes toward advertisers were more favorable for the continuous issue advertiser than for the situational issue advertiser. Theoretical and practical implications are suggested and discussed.

영화고객 관리 및 관계 강화를 위한 통합 마케팅 커뮤니케이션(IMC) 접근 제안

김충현 ( Chung Hyun Kim ),최서희 ( Seo Hee Choi ) 한국PR학회 2007 PR연구 Vol.11 No.1

The current study suggests an IMC approach to the Korean theatres to capture the fair share of the motion picture industry which has been growing fast during last few years. The review of literature showed that vast of research in this area has been focusing on consumer motivation, value and lifestyle which has limitation in application for practical marketing. It explains why an IMC is an appropriate approach and how it can be developed and applied to the marketing for movie customers. To explain and demonstrate how an IMC approach can be applied to the management of movie customers, the authors generated customer data of 300 and classified them into four groups based on customer value in terms of CBV and RFM scores. The illustrations of IMC programs are developed and presented for each group to build customer relationship through differentiated communications. The implication of the study, limitations and problems are explained and discussed.

『明陵先生案』을 중심으로 본 조선후기 陵官의 변화와 운용

김충현(Kim, Chung-hyun) 한국학중앙연구원 2018 장서각 Vol.0 No.39

이 글은 明陵 관련 선생안을 분석하여 조선후기 능관제도의 변화를 규명하고자 했다. 명릉은 조선후기 중요한 왕릉 중 하나로 肅宗과 仁顯王后, 仁元王后를 모셨다. 숙종의 아들 중 경종과 영조 둘이나 국왕이 되었으며, 조선후기 르네상스를 이끌은 정조의 증조할아버지이기도 했다. 또한 서울에서 멀지 않은 곳에 위치하고 있어 후대 국왕들이 행행을 용이하게 할 수 있는 곳이기도 했다. 이에 한국학중앙연구원 장서각 소장 『明陵先生案』(K2-524)과 『明陵參奉先生案』(K2-4989)을 분석하여 조선후기 능관제도의 변화를 살펴보았다. 왕릉은 선대 국왕의 유택을 보전하는 공간이었으며, 현 국왕의 효성을 드러내는 공간이기도 했다. 또한 출사를 희망하거나 이미 관직생활을 시작한 이들에게는 자신들의 관로를 개척하는데 유용한 공간이기도 했다. 陵官職은 업무가 과중하지 않았으며, 경우에 따라서는 도성 안의 유력가와 친분을 맺을 수 있는 기회를 제공하기도 하였다. 또한 관품을 올리는데 필요한 시간을 단축시켜 지방관으로 진출할 수 있었다. 한편 능관직은 조선후기 적체된 인사를 풀어내기 위한 도구로도 활용되었다. 한정된 관직체계에서 능관은 비교적 일정하게 늘어났다. 조선후기의 인사 문제를 해결하기 위해 두 자리 중 한자리의 격을 올려 운영하였는데, 이는 초입사로를 제한하면서 기존 적체된 인력에 대한 불만을 해소시키기 위한 방편으로 활용된 것이다. 능관직은 蔭職의 淸職으로 인식되고 활용되었다. 관직을 시작하는 이들에게는 초입사의 기회를 제공하였고 이미 관직 생활을 하는 이들에게는 승진의 발판으로 활용하기도 하였다. 이처럼 능직은 하위관직에서 다음 단계로 넘어가는 중요한 역할을 하였음을 짐작할 수 있다. This thesis clarifies the Neungguan (陵官) system’s transition during the late Joseon Dynasty as evidenced through an analysis of The Myeongneung Seonsaengan (明陵先生案). Myeongneung (明陵) was one of the most important royal tombs during late Joseon Dynasty, and is the burial place for King Sukjong (肅宗, 19th King of the Joseon Dynasty) and his 2 wives Empress Yinhyeon and Yinweon. King Sukjong’s two sons, Gyeongjong ( 20th King of the Joseon Dynasty) and Yeongjo (英祖, 21st King of the Joseon Dynasty) ruled after their father Sukjong, and were subsequently followed by Sukjong’s great grandson, King Jeongjo (正祖 22nd King of the Joseon Dynasty), who led the renaissance during the late Joseon dynasty. Myeongneung is not far from Seoul, which enabled easy visits by Sukjong’s descendants. The Academy of Korean studies has investigated the late Joseon Dynasty’s Neungguan system (陵官制度) in great depth through studying The Myeongneung Seonsaengan (明陵先生案, K2-524) and Myeongneung Chambong Seonsaengan ( 明陵參奉先生案, K2-4989), both which are owned by Jangseogak. The royal mausoleum contains the ancestor king’s tombs and represented the service king’s filial devotion. In addition, the Neungguan’s role afforded him an opportunity to move up within the government bureaucracy, whether a new member of the bureaucracy or an existing member looking to take on a new position. The Neungguan’s role was not overly burdensome, and opened up opportunities to connect with influential people.It was also possible to quickly get promoted to the level of local government official. Futhermore, the Neungguan position was a means to reduce officer promotion backlog in the late Joseon dynasty bureaucracy given Neungguan openings were regularly available in comparison to other roles within the limited bureaucracy system. To allay hiring and promotion issues within the late Joseon dynasty, the governing body created a hierarchy system within the Neungguan position itself, allowing for the promotion of individual’s within the role to a higher status Neunguan.

뉴턴의 분할 차분법을 이용한 인구수 통계 조사의 추정 시스템의 설계 및 구현

김충현(Chung-Hyun Kim),이상곤(Sangkon Lee) 한국정보과학회 2013 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2013 No.6

프랑스 종교개혁과 종교전쟁에서 잔 달브레(Jeanne d`Albret)의 역할

김충현 ( Kim Chung-hyun ) 한국여성사학회 2015 여성과 역사 Vol.- No.23

본 논문은 전기 작가들에 의해 `위그노의 여왕`으로 불리는 잔 달브레의 역할을 중심으로, 프랑스 종교개혁과 종교전쟁에서 여성이 어떤 역할을 수행했는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 프랑스 종교전쟁은 프랑스가 가톨릭파와 위그노파로 나뉘어 1562년부터 1598년까지 8차례에 걸쳐 치룬 내전으로서, 프랑스를 초토화시켰지만 다른 한편으로는 프랑스적 가치, `톨레랑스`를 세우는 중요한 계기가 되었다. 인문주의의 보호자로 알려진 엄마 마르그리트 당굴렘 하에서 칼뱅주의의 영향을 강하게 받고 자랐던 잔은, 엄마와 달리 1560년 크리스마스에 공개적으로 칼뱅주의로 개종했다. 그리고 이후 잔은 직간접적으로 종교문제에 개입했다. 잔의 주된 업적은 자신의 독립적인 공국인 베아른에서 1563년부터 1571년까지 단계적으로 종교개혁을 완수했다는 것이다. 그러나 본 논문은 그 영역을 확대하여 프랑스 전체에서 벌어진 종교전쟁, 특히 제3차 종교전쟁에 잔이 적극적으로 개입했음을 살펴볼 것이다. 잔은 위그노 지도자들을 제거하려는 가톨릭의 음모에 대항하여 라 로셸을 중심으로 치러진 제3차 종교전쟁에 동참했다. 그러나 동참의 수준을 넘어서 재산과 우정을 이용하여 외국 군주들의 도움을 이끌어내는 외교관으로서, 위그노 지도자가 사망했을 때 새로운 지도자가 된 어린 아들을 도와 지도자로서, 그리고 전쟁을 종식시키기 위한 협상에서는 협상가로서 다양한 역할을 수행했다. 이러한 잔의 역할을 분석함으로써 엄마와 아들의 그늘에 가려진 한 여성의 인생을 재조명할 수 있는 좋은 계기가 될 것으로 생각된다. This thesis examines what kind of role the women performed in French Reformation and French wars of Religion focusing on the role of Jeanne d`Albret called as Huguenot Queen by the biographers. French wars of Religion were the civil infighting fought 8 times between French Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots) from 1598 to 1562. Even if France was turned into ruins, it was the significant chance to set up the value of `tolerance` in France. Jeanne was influenced strongly by the protestantism under the tutelage of her mother, Marguerite d`Angouleme who was known as the protector of the humanism. Jeanne converted to Calvinism on Christmas Day 1560 openly unlike her mother. After that, Jeanne intervened in the religion issues directly or indirectly. Jeanne`s main accomplishment was that she had established the religious reform movement gradationally in her own independent Principality of Bearn from 1562 to 1572. However, by expanding the research area, this thesis examined the French religious wars taken place all over France, especially Jeanne`s active intervention in the third religious war, which took place in all over France. Jeanne joined the third religious war mainly fought in La Rochelle against the catholic plot of killing protestant leaders. But exceeding the level of joining, she performed various roles such as the instructor to bring in foreign sovereign`s help using her property and friendship, the leader to help her son(later Henri IV), who became a new leader after the protestant leader died and the negotiator in the negotiation to end the wars. I assume it is the good chance to cast the light on the life of one lady who lived in the shadow of her son and her mother through analyzing her roles like those.

PPL 관련 정보 노출이 소비자의 브랜드 태도에 미치는 영향 소비자 설득지식의 점화를 중심으로

김충현 ( Chung Hyun Kim ),권영진 ( Young Jin Kwon ) 한국PR학회 2011 PR연구 Vol.15 No.1

The main premise of this study is that when consumers are exposed to PPL-related information, it primes the consumers` persuasion knowledge of PPL, causing a shift in brand attitudes. Specifically, it first investigates how PPL types (prominence/subtle) and the fit (high/low) between product/brand and programs influence consumer brand attitudes. And then, the current study also investigates how consumer attitudes on the PPL brands change after exposure to PPL-related information. The results reveal that subtle placement positively impacts brand attitude, while viewers shift brand attitude in a negative direction after exposure to a prominent placement. In case of high fit between PPL product/brand and program (drama), it was found that more positive shift to PPL product/brand attitudes than low fit. However, the positive shifts in brand attitudes under conditions of subtle placement and of high fit are reduced or disappeared when a persuasive intent prime precedes exposure to the placement. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

바위솔 추출물의 항산화활성 및 암세포 증식억제

김충현(Chung Hyun Kim),박재호(Jae Ho Park),임종국(Jong Kuk Lim),이건주(Kon Joo Lee),정규영(Gyu Young Chung),정형진(Hyung Jin Jeong) 한국약용작물학회 2003 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.11 No.1

The antioxidative activities and biological properties in the EtOAc extracts and purified extracts of Orostachys japonicus were measured by assay of DPPH, xanthine/xanthine oxidase and mammalian cells(2-12). Scavenging of DPPH radical and inhibition of xanthine/xanthine oxidase of EtOAc extracts were showed the highest activity in the arable land and in September. The S-4 fraction showed the highest activity among the silica-gel column chromatography fractions. LH-4 fraction showed higher activity than the other fractionsins in assay of DPPH and xanthine/xanthine oxidase. Fatty acids and phenolic compounds were identified by GC/MS and main compounds were 1,2,3-benzenetriol, alpha-androsta-7.14-diene in LH-4 fraction. The activities of POD and SOD in samples havested on different habitats were high such as arable land > intermountain > seashore. That of POD and SOD in crude extracts of late stage were higher than early stage. Isozyme bands of crude extracts samplinged in all habitats and all growing stage were higher than early stage. Isozyme bands of crude extracts samplinged in all habitats and all growing stages showed two bands and the signal intensity showed strongly according to passage of growing stage. The purified extracts of LH-4 fraction showed excellent inhibition effect in proliferation of HL- 60 cells and markedly suppressed colony formation in mouse fibroblast cells. Dose response between partially purified extracts(400ppm) and negative control did not produced statistically significant reduction in colony formation.