급성기 요추간판탈출증에 있어 봉약침 치료의 효과에 대한 비교 연구

차정호,장소영,이태호,위종성,이은용,Cha, Jung-Ho,Chang, So-Young,Lee, Tae-Ho,Owi, Jong-Song,Lee, Eun-Yong 대한약침학회 2006 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.9 No.2

Objective : Herniation of Intervertebral Disc(HIVD) is the most common disease causing low back pain. Acupuncture and Bee Venom Acupuncture has been us ε d for treatment of HIVD. This study is to investigate the effective of Bee Venom Acupuncture for HIVD. Methods : We researched 18 patients who were diagnosed by CT and MRI as having HIVD, and treated them Acupuncture only or Acupuncture and Bee Venom Acupuncture. We compared the VAS and ROM angle of two groups. Results & Conclusions : 1. In admission date, no significant improvement between Acupuncture group and Bee Venom Acupuncture group 2. In variation of flexion and extension, Bee Venom Acupuncture group shows statistically significant improvement 3. In VAS, Bee Venom Acupuncture group shows statistically significant improvement for 1 week and discharge day

발생 중인 흰쥐에서 Losartan 투여 후 콩팥동맥계통내 Renin , α - smooth Muscle Actin 및 Aquaporin - 1 발현양상의 변화

임정미(Jung Mi Lim),김향(Hyang Kim),정주영(Ju Young Jung),임선우(Sun Woo Lim),김완영(Wan Young Kim),한기환(Ki Hwan Han),차정호(Jung Ho Cha),김진(Jin Kim) 대한신장학회 2002 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.21 No.1

목 적 : 발생 중인 흰쥐의 콩팥에서 AT 1 수용체 길항제를 임신 중 및 출생 후에 구강으로 투여하여 발생 중인 콩팥내 동맥계통에서 renin, α-smooth muscle actin (ASMA) 및 aquaporin-1(AQP1)의 발현양상 및 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 실험동물은 Sprague- Dawley계의 흰쥐를 사용하였고, 임신군과 출생후군으로 나누어 시행하였다. 임신군은 losartan (M.S.D, 10 ㎎/㎏/day s )을 임신 14일부터 4일간 투여하고 임신 17일날 희생시켰으며, 또한 임신 14일부터 8일간 투여한 후 출생 1일과 9일에 희생시켰다. 출생 후군은 losartan을 출생 직후부터 4일 및 9일 동안 투여하였다. 또한 각 군에 대한 대조군으로 losartan 대신 식염수를 같은 방법으로 투여하였다. 콩팥을 periodate- lysine- paraformaldehyde (PLP)로 고정한 후, renin (1 : 10,000), ASMA (1 : 1,000) 및 AQP 1(1 : 1,000)에 대한 항체를 각각 이용하여 포매 전 면역염색법을 시행하였다. 결 과 : Losartan을 임신 쥐에 투여한 경우 출생 전후 콩팥혈관동맥에서 AQP1, renin 및 ASMA의 발현양상에 큰 변화는 없었다. 그러나 losartan을 출생직후 새끼에 투여한 경우 4일군과 9일군 모두에서 동맥계통 혈관벽의 renin - 양성 세포의 수가 증가되었고 ASMA- 양성세포는 비대 및 증식되어 있었으나, AQP1 면역반응성에는 변화가 없었다. 결 론 : 혈관분화 과정에서 AQP1과 renin의 발현 사이에 직접적인 관련은 없는 것으로 생각 된다. Background : Recent studies have demonstrated that renin, α-smooth muscle actin(ASMA) and aquaporin-1(AQP 1) participate in the development of renal arterial system . The components of the reninangiotensin system have been shown to function as growth factors, apart from their classical roles in controlling blood volume and homeostasis. Interestingly, the vasoconstrictor angiotensin Ⅱ(ANG Ⅱ) appears to participate in the regulation of angiogenesis in various tissues. The present study examined the effect of ANG Ⅱ type-1(AT 1) receptor blocker losartan given during pregnancy or newborn rats on the expression of renin, ASMA and AQP 1 in the developing renal arterial system. Methods : Pregnant and newborn rats received losartan (10 ㎎/㎏/day) or saline for 4 and 8 days from E 14 to parturition, and for 4 and 9 days starting at day 1 after birth, respectively. Kidneys of 17-day-old fetuses and 1-, 4-, and 9-day-old pups were processed for immunohistochemistry using antibodies to renin (1 : 10,000), ASMA (1 : 1,000), and AQP 1(1 : 1,000). Results : In all pregnant groups, there were no differences in immunostaining for renin, ASMA, and AQP 1 between losartan treated groups and saline treated groups. In all newborn groups, however, blockade of AT 1 receptor with losartan found to increase expression of renin and ASMA but to have no effect on expression of AQP 1 in the developing renal arterial system. Conclusion : T hese results suggest that AQP 1 expression is not associated with renin or ASMA expression during development of renal arterial system.

Developmental Expression of eNOS in the Rat Renal Vasculature

임정미(Jung-Mi Lim),정주영(Ju-Young Jung),임선우(Sun-Woo Lim),한기환(Ki-Hwan Han),김완영(Wan-Young Kim),차정호(Jung-Ho Cha),김향(Hyang Kim),정진웅(Jin-Woong Chung),김진(Jin Kim) 대한해부학회 2002 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.35 No.1

NO가 성체 콩팥의 기능 조절에 관여함은 비교적 잘 알려져 있으며, 최근 발생 중인 콩팥에서도 NO가 혈류역학 조절 에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 생각하고 있으나, 아직까지 발생중인 콩팥에서의 eNOS 발현에 대한 형태학적 연구는 없다. 이 연구에서는 흰쥐를 대상으로 출생 전∙후의 콩팥에서 eNOS의 발현 양상을 관찰하고자 하였다. 실험동물로는 Sprague-Dawley계 흰쥐를 사용하였으며, 임신 14일, 16일, 18일 및 20일과 출생 후 1일, 4일, 7일, 14일 및 21일, 그리고 성체 흰쥐 콩팥에서 eNOS의 발현 양상을 포매전면역조직화학법과 Western blot을 통하여 관찰하였다. 성체 흰쥐 콩팥에서 eNOS는 수질내 곧은혈관과 활꼴동맥의 내피세포에서 발현되었으며, 사구체 모세혈관과 요세관 주 위 모세혈관의 내피세포에서는 미약하게 발현되었다. 그러나 근위세관을 포함한 요세관에서는 eNOS 면역반응성을 관찰할 수 없었다. 발생중인 흰쥐 콩팥에서 eNOS는 임신 14일부터 발생초기의 모든 모세혈관 내피세포에서 발현되었다. 사구체모세혈관에서 eNOS는 발생초기의 S-모양체 (II기 사구체)에서부터 관찰되기 시작하여 III기 사구체까지 비교적 강하게 발현되었으며, 성숙한 IV기 사구체에서는 미약하게 발현되었다. 콩팥발생층에 위치하는 이러한 S-모양체나 III기 사구체는 출생 후 7일까지만 관찰되었고, 출생 후 14부터는 관찰할 수 없었다. 콩팥 피질내 요세관주위 모세혈관에서는 eNOS가 출생전에는 비교적 강하게 발현하다가, 출생 후 점점 약하여져 출생 후 21일 부터는 성체에서와 같이 미약하게 발현될 뿐이었다. 활꼴동맥의 내피세포에는 eNOS 면역반응성이 임신 16일군부터 발현되었으며 모든 혈관 중에서 가장 강하였고, 출생 후부터는 약간 감소하나 성체까지 비교적 강하게 발현되었다. 수질내 모세혈관 내피세포에서는 eNOS 면역반응성이 출생 전에는 발생초기 수질집합관 주위의 거의 모든 모세혈관 얼기에서 발현되었으나, 출생 후에는 곧은혈관에서만 관찰되며, 14일 이후에는 eNOS-양성 곧은혈관이 다발을 형성하였다. 이상의 결과에서 eNOS가 발생초기의 거의 모든 혈관의 내피세포에서 강하게 발현되는 것으로 보아 콩팥 발생과정에 서 혈관발생 또는 혈류역학 조절에 중요한 역할을 하리라 생각한다. Nitric oxide (NO) has an important role in maintaining basal renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the developing kidney. However, renal endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) has not been localized in the developing kidney. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression and localization of eNOS in the developing rat kidney using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Kidneys from 14 (E14)-, 16 (E16)-, 18 (E18)- and 20-day-old (E20) fetuses, 1 (P1)-, 4 (P4)-, 7 (P7)-, 14 (P14)- and 21-day-old (P21) pups, and adult rats were extracted for immunohistochemistry, and western blot analysis. In the adult rat kidney, eNOS was expressed strongly in the endothelial cells of the arcuate artery and the vascular bundle in the medulla. Endothelial cells of the glomerulus and peritubular capillary network were weakly labeled for eNOS. There was no eNOS immunoreactivity in the uriniferous tubules, including the proximal tubules. In the developing rat kidney, eNOS appeared in the endothelial cells of the capillary network from E14. In the developing glomerular capillary, immunoreactivity for eNOS was observed in the S-shaped bodies (stage II glomeruli) and stage III glomeruli, whereas mature glomeruli (stage IV glomeruli) were faintly immunolabeled for eNOS. These eNOS-positive early-stage developing glomeruli were observed in the nephrogenic zone until seven days after birth. In the endothelial cells of the peritubular capillary network, eNOS was strongly expressed in the fetus and gradually decreased in intensity after birth. The endothelial cells of the arcuate artery were strongly immunoreactive for eNOS from E16 to the adult stages. In the renal medulla, eNOS was expressed in the endothelial cells of the capillary network surrounding the developing medullary collecting ducts of the fetal kidney. After birth, eNOS immunoreactivity gradually disappeared from the vasculature of the renal medulla and only remained in the vasa recta. In conclusion, the strong expression of eNOS in the early stages of the developing vasculature suggests that eNOS may contribute to angiogenesis and/or critically participate in the hemodynamics of the immature kidney.

교실응답시스템 활용에 대한 예비교사의 인식

오정숙(Jung Sook Oh),백상수(Sang Su Baek),차정호(Jeong Ho Cha) 중앙대학교 한국교육문제연구소 2013 한국교육문제연구 Vol.31 No.2

본 연구에서는 한 대학에서 예비교사를 대상으로 클리커(clicker)라는 교실응답시스템(classroom response system; CRS)을 수업에 활용하고, CRS에 대한 예비교사들의 인식을 조사하였다. 2012년 2학기에 교사양성과정으로 개설된 일반화학, 유아특수교육원론, 교육방법 및 교육공학을 수강한 총 104명을 대상으로 학기 초, 클리커의 교육적 활용방안과 사용 방법에 대해 안내한 뒤, 매 차시 수업 후 복습용 퀴즈(5-6개) 및 이해가 어려운 개념(muddiest point)의 목록을 파워포인트 슬라이드로 제시하고 클리커를 활용하여 학생들이 응답하도록 하였다. 학기 말에 클리커 활용에 대한 수강생들의 만족도, 학습효과, 참여도 등 다양한 인식을 조사한 결과, 예비교사들은 수업에서 CRS를 활용하는 것에 대해 만족도, 학습효과, 그리고 참여도 등의 측면에서 높은 수준의 긍정적 인식을 보였다. 이를 바탕으로 우리나라 대학 교육 및 교사양성과정에서 CRS 활용 방안과 후속연구에 대한 제언을 제시하였다. This study examined the preservice teachers’ perceptions of Classroom Response System (CRS) called Clicker. All 104 preservice teachers were from General Chemistry, Introduction to Early Childhood Special Education, and Educational Technology classes in the second semester of 2012. Participants were introduced to the Clicker in terms of its operation and class application, then the review quiz (five to six questions), and muddiest points were conducted at the end of each class. At the end of the semester, participants were asked to rate their level of satisfaction, learning effect, and participation. Preservice teachers perceived the CRS very positively as a learning tool, finding it very useful, effective, and fun. Based on the results, a discussion of application to Korean settings and directions for future research are suggested.

발생중인 흰쥐 콩팥에서 nestin의 발현

이정은(Jung-Eun Lee),김 진(Jin Kim),차정호(Jung-Ho Cha) 대한해부학회 2004 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.37 No.5

Nestin은 제4형 중간세사로서 중추신경계를 비롯한 여러 장기에서 발생과정 동안 줄기세포에 강하게 발현하는데, 일반적으로 발생초기에 발현이 증가하고 발생후기에는 발현이 감소하여 성체에서는 일부세포에서만 그 발현이 유지된다. 최근 본 연구자들은 nestin이 정상성체의 콩팥 토리에 강하게 발현하며 또한 혈관내피세포와 사이질의 일부 섬유모세포에 발현됨을 보고하였다. 본 연구는 아직까지 알려지지 않은 nestin의 콩팥 발생과정에서의 발현을 관찰하고자 하였다. 실험동물은 흰쥐를 사용하였으며, 성체 및 임신 16일에서부터 출생 후 21일까지 각 단계의 콩팥에서 면역조직화학법을 시행하였다. Nestin은 임신 16일군 콩팥단위발생구역에서 강하게 발현되었다. Nestin의 발현은 출생 전까지 높게 유지되었으며, 출생 후 조금씩 감소하였다. Nestin의 발현은 성체를 비롯하여 전 발생과정 중에 오직 토리와 사이질에서만 관찰되었으며, 콩팥세관에서는 전혀 관찰되지 않았다. 토리 발생과정에서 후콩팥발생모체는 강한 nestin 양성을 보이나 콩팥소포와 사구체의 S자 모양 단계의 상피세포에서는 nestin이 발현되지 않았다. 모세혈관 형성단계에서는 미성숙 발세포가 nestin 양성 반응을 나타내기 시작하였고 모세혈관내피세포와 같이 유입된 중간엽세포에서 모두 강한 nestin 양성반응이 유지되나 점차 감소하여 이 시기의 끝부분에 이르면 nestin 발현이 내피세포와 중간엽세포 모두에서 소실되었다. 성숙단계의 토리에서는 오직 발세포만이 nestin 양성 반응을 나타내었다. 토리 발생과정에서 vimentin의 발현은 nestin의 발현과 일치하였다. 콩팥유두를 제외한 콩팥사이질에서 nestin은 사이질세포와 혈관내피세포에 강하게 발현하였으며, 특히 출생 전에 강하며 출생 후 사이질에서는 점차로 감소하여 출생 후 21일군에서는 성체의 발현양상과 비슷하였다. 그러나 nestin은 사이질의 세포종류 중 ED-1에 양성인 대식세포와 MHC class II에 양성인 가지세포에는 전혀 발현되지 않았다. 콩팥유두의 사이질에서 사이질세포의 nestin 발현은 미약하였고 특히 성체에서 속질의 사이질세포인 지질함유세포에는 nestin이 전혀 발현되지 않았으나 vimentin은 강하게 발현하였다. Nestin is abundantly expressed in stem cells of the developmental stage of both central nervous system and some non-neuronal organs. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of nestin in the developing rat kidney. Kidneys from 16- (F16), 18- and 20-day-old fetuses, 1-, 3-, 7-, 14-, and 21-day-old pups (P21) and adult were preserved and processed for immunohistochemistry. The nestin was already expressed at all areas of kidney from F16, especially strong in nephrogenic zone. Throughout the development, nestin immunoreactivity was exclusively localized in both glomerulus and interstitium, not in renal tubules. In the vesicle and the S-shaped body stages of the glomerulogenesis, nestin was negative. In the capillary loop stage, the immature podocytes became positive for nestin. Aggregated mesenchymal cells at the root of immature glomeruli were nestin-positive, and then lost the immunoreactivity progressively. In the maturing stage, nestin was expressed only in podocytes. In the renal interstitium except renal papilla, nestin was positive and colocalized with vimentin in almost all the interstitial cells at the prenatal age except both ED-1-positive macrophages and in MHC class II-positive dendritic cells. After birth, the number of nestin-positive cells in the interstitium was decreased, and at P21 pattern of nestin expression in the interstitium was similar with that of adult kidney. In the renal papilla, lipid-laden cells show nestinnegative but vimentin-positive.

모아레 체형측정과 양하지 근육 발달비율의 상관관계에 관한 조사

장소영,차정호,정기훈,이태호,황희상,이은용,Chang, So-Young,Cha, Jung-Ho,Jung, Ki-Hoon,Lee, Tae-Ho,Hwang, Hee-Sang,Lee, Eun-Yong 척추신경추나의학회 2007 척추신경추나의학회지 Vol.2 No.1

Objectives : This study was performed to find the correlation between moire topography and muscle development ratio of both lower limbs. Methods : 88-general persons who examed general health checkup were enrolled this study. Who coincided the exclusion criteria were left out. The authors practiced Moire Topography by using IBS-2000 and measured difference of contour line and interval between vertical base line of neck and pelvis. We made use of X-SCAN to analyse body component and calculate muscle development ratio of both lower limbs. Results : In this study, we found out that the more interval between vertical base line of neck and pelvis grown large, the more muscle development ratio of both lower limbs got small. So, there was correlation between imbalance of the dorsum muscle and muscle development ratio of both lower limbs.(p>0.05). But others did not have. Conclusion : According to this results, we found out there was correlation between imbalance of lumbar and gluteal region and muscle development ratio of both lower limbs. Apply to clinic, we are able to improve the efficacy of diagnosis and medical treatment.

전환장애 위증 환자 1례에 대한 증례보고

전재천,황희상,차정호,정기훈,이태호,노정두,이은용,Jeon, Jae-Cheon,Hwang, Hee-Sang,Cha, Jung-Ho,Jung, Ki-Hoon,Lee, Tae-Ho,Roh, Jeong-Du,Lee, Eun-Yong 대한침구의학회 2009 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Objectives : This is a clinical report about the Conversion Disorder, Wei symptom patient. Methods : The patient was treated by acupuncture, herb medication, moxibustion, physical therapy and bio feedback. The improvement of the patient was judged by lower limb elevation test and gait condition test. Results : During the 1st duration, lower limb elevation angle of the patient had improved. And the patient's gait condition had improved. But he received stress so that same symptom appeared again. Then, after the second treatment, He could walk alone again. Conclusions : Oriental medicine treatment including Acupuncture, Herb medication was very effctive to improve the Conversion disorder patient's symptoms. It is necessary to have more observation and many cases of patients with Conversion disorder.

전환장애 위증 환자 1례에 대한 증례보고

전재천,황희상,차정호,정기훈,이태호,노정두,이은용,Jeon, Jae-Cheon,Hwang, Hee-Sang,Cha, Jung-Ho,Jung, Ki-Hoon,Lee, Tae-Ho,Roh, Jeong-Du,Lee, Eun-Yong 대한침구의학회 2009 대한침구의학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Objectives : This is a clinical report about the Conversion Disorder, Wei symptom patient. Methods : The patient was treated by acupuncture, herb medication, moxibustion, physical therapy and bio feedback. The improvement of the patient was judged by lower limb elevation test and gait condition test. Results : During the 1st duration, lower limb elevation angle of the patient had improved. And the patient's gait condition had improved. But he received stress so that same symptom appeared again. Then, after the second treatment, He could walk alone again. Conclusions : Oriental medicine treatment including Acupuncture, Herb medication was very effctive to improve the Conversion disorder patient's symptoms. It is necessary to have more observation and many cases of patients with Conversion disorder.

농촌과 중소도시지역 40세 이상 성인의 영양소 섭취 질의 평가

이지은,안윤진,이주영,차정호,박찬,김규찬,Lee, Ji-Eun,Ahn, Youn-Jhin,Lee, Ju-Young,Cha, Jung-Ho,Park, Chan,Kimm, Ku-Chan 대한지역사회영양학회 2004 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.9 No.4

To assess the quality of nutrient intake by area of Korean adults, a dietary survey with the 3-day record method was obtained from 324 subjects aged 40 years and older but younger than 70 (52.4 $\pm$ 8.7) living in a rural area (Ansung) and suburban area of a middle-sized city (Ansan). The quality of nutrient intake was assessed by analyzing Nutrient Adequacy Ratio (NAR), Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) and Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ). The average daily mean energy intakes were 1,832 ㎉ for Ansung and 1,842 ㎉ for Ansan, respectively. Daily intakes of fat for Ansung and Ansan subjects were 40.9 and 40.3 g, and those for protein were 75.1 and 73.1 g, respectively. The overall calorie: protein: fat ratio (CPF) of energy intake was 63 : 17 : 20. Daily mean intakes of protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, carotene, sodium, thiamin, and niacin were significantly higher in Ansung residents than in Ansan subjects (p < .05). The average intakes of energy, calcium, vitamin A were lower than Recommend Dietary Allowance (RDA) in both areas. Note, over 30% of the study subjects had less than 75% of RDA of calcium, vitamin A and riboflavin. The MAR was higher in Ansung than Ansan residents (0.86 and 0.85, respectively; p < .05). INQs were over 1 for most nutrients except calcium (0.87), and that of calcium and phosphorus was each significantly higher in Ansung than Ansan subjects. Based on these results, nutrient intake quality of subjects aged 40 to 69 years living in the surveyed rural area is comparable to that of semi-industrialized suburban area in Korea. Dietary deficiency in all of calcium, vitamin A, and riboflavin, however, was a common problem for both rural and suburban residents.

대안학교 교사의 생태중심주의 환경교육에 대한 인식 조사

김영주(Youngjoo Kim),차정호(Jeongho Cha),정철(Cheol Cheong),이정호(Jung Ho Lee) 한국환경교육학회 2011 環境 敎育 Vol.24 No.4

In this study, the Korean alternative school teachers perceptions of ecocentric environmental education were surveyed. A total of 80 teachers from 42 alternative schools across the nation answered to the survey. The results were as follows. Teachers were found to have a lot of interest in environmental issues and to practice some environmental actions inside and outside school. Over sixty percent teachers agreed with the ecocentric philosophy of environmental education. The most two important issues among 11 environmental education contents for teachers were natural environment and environmental ethics. Teachers used and preferred field work for teaching environmental issues, and got teaching materials mostly from the internet. However, many of them were not satisfied with environmental activity in their schools because of their lack of professionalism. They had not enough experience of professional development for environmental education, and strongly wanted to learn about field work.