The Isolation and Identification of Soybean Pod and Stem Blight in Taiwan

Min-Jung Seo,Chien-Hua Chen,Kil Hyun Kim,Seuk-Ki Lee,Hong-Tae Yun,Yeong-Hoon Lee,Beom-Young Son,,Jung-Tae Kim,Jin-Seok Lee,Hwan-Hee Bae,Chang Hwan Park,Seong-Bum Baek,Jeom-Ho Lee 한국국제농업개발학회 2015 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.27 No.3

미이라병은 Diaporthe/Phomopsis complex에 의해 유발되는병으로 콩 재배기간 중 따뜻하고 습한 환경에서 종자가 성숙되면 감염률이 높아지며 감염된 콩 종자는 외관상 품질뿐만아니라 종자 활력이 저하된다. 미이라병에 대한 연구를 수행하기 위하여 대만에 위치한 아시아채소개발연구센터(AVRDC)의 콩 시험포장에서 미이라병 병징을 보이는 콩 줄기를 채집하고 이로부터 3개의 곰팡이 균주(isolate)를 분리하였다. 배지위에서의 곰팡이 균사의 생육특성, 현미경하에서 관찰된 알파,베타 분생자(conidia)의 모양 그리고 PCR-RFLP 분석으로, 3개의 균주는 Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae 으로 확인되었다. 한편, 미이라병 저항성 육종을 위해서는 유전자원과 계통의 검정이 선행되어야 하는데, 인공접종을 위해서 분생자의최적 배양조건을 탐색하였다. 그 결과 배지는 PDA, 온도는24oC에서 잘 배양되었으며, 일장은 암조건에서는 균사체만 유도되고 분생자는 유도되지 않았으며, 24시간과 15시간의 일장에서는 균사체 유도 및 분생자의 유도 정도에 차이가 없었다.또한 잎-줄기와 꼬투리, 두 개의 접종 부위에 따른 미이라병감염률을 조사하였는데, 두 접종 부위에 따른 미이라병 감염정도는 통계적인 유의차는 나타나지 않았으나 잎-줄기에 접종한 개체 보다 꼬투리에 접종한 개체의 종자 감염률이 높은 경향을 보였다. Phomopsis seed decay (PSD) caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae (Lehman) Wehmeyer, Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cooke & Ellis) Sacc. var. caulivora Athow & Caldwell, and Phomopsis longicolla Hobbs reduces quality of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seed when it is wet and warm condition during seed maturation period. To study of the PSD in Taiwan in March 2008, three unidentified fungal isolates (isolate1, isolate2 and isolate3) were isolated from soybean stems infected with pod and stem blight which is associated with seed decay. Based on their morphological and genotypic characteristics, three isolates were regarded as Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae. For PSD assay, we found that the best condition for the fungal isolates growth was on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media at 24°C temperature for 24 or 15 hr photoperiod. Leaf- stem and pods of soybean were inoculated by an atomizer with two isolates among three isolates to investigate PSD infection. In the result of two inoculation parts with two isolates, there was no significant difference in degree of pod infection and seed infection rate (%) between isolate2 and isolate3, but there was a tendency that pod inoculation than leaf- stem inoculation caused higher level of seed infection. These isolates obtained in this study would be applicable to screening of PSD resistant soybean germplasms in the breeding program.

Two New Corticolous Buellioid Species from South Korea

( Dong Liu ),( Sergey Y. Kondratyuk ),( László Lőkös ),( Josef P. Halda ),( Min-hye Jeong ),( Jung-shin Park ),( Jung-jae Woo ),( Jae-seoun Hur ) 한국균학회 2019 Mycobiology Vol.47 No.2

Several buellioid specimens were collected from South Korea during field surveys and two new species are described based on morphology, chemistry, and molecular phylogeny. Buellia boseongensis sp. nov. is similar to B. polyspora but differs in having a UV+orange thallus and cryptolecanorine apothecia. Sculptolumina coreana sp. nov., resembles S. japonica, but differs in having a smooth entire continuous thallus, which reacts K-, a narrower excipulum, thicker epihymenium, narrower subhymenium, and in containing secondary metabolites other than flavo-obscurin and myeloconone. A key to the buellioid lichens reported from Korea is also presented.

NOVEL ANTICARCINOGENIC COMPOUNDS ISOLATED FROM ARTEMISIA CAPILLARIS

Bahn, Kyeong N.,Lee, Eun J.,Lee, Jung M.,Byun, Jae I.,Park, Sook J.,Yang, Min S.,Ha, Yeong L. Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology Research C 1994 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.1994 No.

Chloroform fraction of hot-methanol soluble materials from Artemisia capaillaris, which inhibited DMBA-induced mouse skin carcinogenesis (Bahn et al., 1993), was further fractionated into F1 fraction by combination of solvent partition and TLC procedures. From the F1 fraction exhibited a strong cytotoxicity (ED_(50):<0.08vg/ml) for both L1210 and S- 180 mouse cancer cells, achillin and its isomer were identified as the major anticarcinogenic compounds.

The anti-diabetic drug dapagliflozin induces vasodilation via activation of PKG and Kv channels

Li, Hongliang,Shin, Sung Eun,Seo, Mi Seon,An, Jin Ryeol,Choi, Il-Whan,Jung, Won-Kyo,Firth, Amy L.,Lee, Dae-Sung,Yim, Mi-Jin,Choi, Grace,Lee, Jeong Min,Na, Sung Hun,Park, Won Sun Elsevier 2018 Life sciences Vol.197 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Aim</B></P> <P>Considering the clinical efficacy of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 DM and the pathophysiological relevance of Kv channels for vascular reactivity. We investigate the vasodilatory effect of dapagliflozin and related mechanisms using phenylephrine (Phe)-induced contracted aortic rings.</P> <P><B>Material and methods</B></P> <P>Arterial tone measurement was performed in aortic smooth muscle.</P> <P><B>Key findings</B></P> <P>Application of dapagliflozin induced vasodilation in a concentration-dependent manner. Pre-treatment with the BK<SUB>Ca</SUB> channel inhibitor paxilline, the K<SUB>ATP</SUB> channel inhibitor glibenclamide, and the Kir channel inhibitor Ba<SUP>2+</SUP> did not change dapagliflozin-induced vasodilation. However, application of the Kv channels inhibitor 4-AP effectively inhibited dapagliflozin-induced vasodilation. Application of the Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> channel inhibitor nifedipine and the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>-ATPase (SERCA) pump inhibitor thapsigargin did not alter the vasodilatory effect of dapagliflozin. Moreover, the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ 22536 and the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor KT 5720 had no effect on dapagliflozin-induced vasodilation. Although guanylyl cyclase inhibitors, NS 2028 and ODQ, did not reduce the vasodilatory effect of dapagliflozin, the protein kinase G (PKG) inhibitor KT 5823 effectively inhibited dapagliflozin-induced vasodilation. The vasodilatory effect of dapagliflozin was not affected by elimination of the endothelium. Furthermore, pretreatment with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME or the small-conductance Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>-activated K (SKCa) channel inhibitor apamin did not change the vasodilatory effect of dapagliflozin.</P> <P><B>Significance</B></P> <P>We concluded that dapagliflozin induced vasodilation via the activation of Kv channels and PKG, and was independent of other K<SUP>+</SUP> channels, Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> channels, intracellular Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>, and the endothelium.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Effect of γ-aminobutyric acid producing bacteria on in vitro rumen fermentation, growth performance, and meat quality of Hanwoo steers

Mamuad Lovelia L.,김선호,Ku Min Jung,이상석 아세아·태평양축산학회 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.7

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing bacteria (GPB) on in vitro rumen fermentation and on the growth performance and meat quality of Hanwoo steers. Methods: The effects of GPB (Lactobacillus brevis YM 3-30)-produced and commercially available GABA were investigated using in vitro rumen fermentation. Using soybean meal as a substrate, either GPB-produced or commercially available GABA were added to the in vitro rumen fermentation bottles, as follows: control, no additive; T1, 2 g/L GPB; T2, 5 g/L GPB; T3, 2 g/L autoclaved GPB; T4, 5 g/L autoclaved GPB; T5, 2 g/L GABA; and T6, 5 g/L GABA. In addition, 27 Hanwoo steers (602.06±10.13 kg) were subjected to a 129-day feeding trial, during which they were fed daily with a commercially available total mixed ration that was supplemented with different amounts of GPB-produced GABA (control, no additive; T1, 2 g/L GPB; T2, 5 g/L GPB). The degree of marbling was assessed using the nine-point beef marbling standard while endotoxin was analyzed using a Chromo-Limulus amebocyte lysate test. Results: In regard to in vitro rumen fermentation, the addition of GPB-produced GABA failed to significantly affect pH or total gas production but did increase the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration (p<0.05) and reduce total biogenic amines (p<0.05). Animals fed the GPB-produced GABA diet exhibited significantly lower levels of blood endotoxins than control animals and yielded comparable average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and beef marbling scores. Conclusion: The addition of GPB improved in vitro fermentation by reducing biogenic amine production and by increasing both antioxidant activity and NH3-N production. Moreover, it also reduced the blood endotoxin levels of Hanwoo steers.

Liposomal Texaphyrin Theranostics for Metastatic Liver Cancer

Lee, Min Hee,Kim, Eun-Joong,Lee, Hyunseung,Kim, Hyun Min,Chang, Min Jung,Park, Sun Young,Hong, Kwan Soo,Kim, Jong Seung,Sessler, Jonathan L. American Chemical Society 2016 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.138 No.50

<P>Reported here is a new theranostic agent, 1, which consists of a Gd3+-texaphyrin core conjugated to a doxorubicin prodrug-via a disulfide bond. Conjugate 1 was designed to undergo cleavage in the presence of glutathione (GSH), a species typically upregulated in cancer cells. As prepared, conjugate 1 displays no appreciable fluorescence. However, when exposed to excess GSH an increase in the fluorescence intensity at 592 nm is observed that is ascribed to release of free doxorubicin. To improve the solubility and enhance the tumor targeting of 1, it was loaded into folate-receptor-targeted liposomes to produce FL-1 (for folate liposome loaded with 1). As inferred from both fluorescence turn on studies and independent HPLC analyses, FL-1 was found to undergo selective uptake and cleavage to release free Dox in the KB and CT26 cell lines, which express folate receptors on the cell surface, relative to the HepG2 and NIH3T3 cell lines, which show low expression of those receptors. FL-1 was found to produce a greater antiproliferative effect in the case of the KB and CT26 cell lines as compared to that in the HepG2 and NIH3T3 cell lines. FL-1 was also found to provide enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in vivo under conditions of T-1 contrast in the early stage of metastatic cancer progression. Finally, time-dependent tumor regrowth studies involving both subcutaneous and metastatic liver cancer mouse models revealed that FL-1 is capable of reducing the tumor burden in vivo.</P>

Reprogramming of the Activity of the activator/Dissociation Transposon Family during Plant Regeneration in Rice

Kim, Chul-Min,Je, Byoung-Il,Piao, Hai-Long,Park, Soon-Ju,Kim, Min-Jung,Park, Sung-Han,Park, Jin-Young,Park, Su-Hyun,Lee, Eun-Kyeong,Chon, Nam-Soo,Won, Yong-Jae,Lee, Gi-Hwan,Nam, Min-Hee,Yun, Doh-Won,L Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2002 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2002 No.-

Many aspects of epigenetic phenomena have been elucidated via studies of transposable elements. An active transposable element frequently loses its ability to mobilize and goes into an inactive state during development. In this study, we describe the cyclic activity of a maize transposable element dissociation (Ds) in rice. in rice genome, Ds undergoes the spontaneous loss of mobility. However, and inactive state of Ds can be Changed into an active state during tissue culture. The recovery of mobility accompanies not only changes in the methylation patterns of the terminal region of Ds, but also alteration in the steady state level of the activator (Ac) mRNA that is expressed by a constitutive CaMV 35S promoter, Furthermore, the Ds-reactivation process is not random, but stage-specific during plantlet regeneration. Our findings have expanded previous observation on Ac reactivation in the tissue Culture of maize.

Tanshinone IIA Induces Mitochondria Dependent Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells in Association with an Inhibition of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/AKT Pathway

Won, Suk-Hyun,Lee, Hyo-Jeong,Jeong, Soo-Jin,Lee, Hyo-Jung,Lee, Eun-Ok,Jung, Deok-Beom,Shin, Ji-Min,Kwon, Tae-Rin,Yun, Sun-Mi,Lee, Min-Ho,Choi, Seung-Hoon,Lü,, Junxuan,Kim, Sung-Hoon Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2010 Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin Vol.33 No.11

<P>Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA; 14,16-epoxy-20-nor-5(10),6,8,13,15-abietapentaene-11,12-dione), a phytochemical derived from the roots of <I>Salvia miltiorrhiza</I> B<SMALL>UNGE</SMALL>, has been reported to posses anti-angiogenic, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and apoptotic activities. However, the cancer growth inhibitory/cytocidal effects and molecular mechanisms in prostate cancer cells have not been well studied. In the present study, we demonstrate that Tan IIA significantly decreased the viable cell number of LNCaP (phosphate and tensin homolog (PTEN) mutant, high AKT, wild type p53) prostate cancer cells more sensitively than against the PC-3 (PTEN null, high AKT, p53 null) prostate cancer cells. Tan IIA significantly increased TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) positive index and sub-G1 DNA contents of treated cells, consistent with apoptosis. Tan IIA treatment led to cleavage activation of pro-caspases-9 and 3, but not pro-caspase-8, and cleavage of poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP), a caspase-3 substrate. Additionally, Tan IIA treatment induced cytochrome <I>c</I> release from the mitochondria into the cytosol and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and suppressed the expression of mitochondria protective Bcl-2 family protein Mcl-1<SUB>L</SUB>. Tan IIA reduced the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) p85 subunit, and the phosphorylation of AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the combination of Tan IIA and LY294002, a specific PI3K inhibitor, enhanced PARP cleavage of LNCaP and PC-3, but not in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells which do not contain detectable active AKT. The findings suggest that Tan IIA-induced apoptosis involves mitochondria intrinsic caspase activation cascade and an inhibition of the PI3K/AKT survival pathway.</P>

eIF4E phosphorylation by MST1 reduces translation of a subset of mRNAs, but increases lncRNA translation

Min, K.W.,Davila, S.,Zealy, R.W.,Lloyd, L.T.,Lee, I.Y.,Lee, R.,Roh, K.H.,Jung, A.,Jemielity, J.,Choi, E.J.,Chang, J.H.,Yoon, J.H. Elsevier Science 2017 Biochimica et biophysica acta. Gene regulatory mec Vol.1860 No.7

Post-transcriptional gene regulation is an important step in eukaryotic gene expression. The last step to govern production of nascent peptides is during the process of mRNA translation. mRNA translation is controlled by many translation initiation factors that are susceptible to post-translational modifications. Here we report that one of the translation initiation factors, eIF4E, is phosphorylated by Mammalian Ste20-like kinase (MST1). Upon phosphorylation, eIF4E weakly interacts with the 5' CAP to inhibit mRNA translation. Simultaneously, active polyribosome is more associated with long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Moreover, the linc00689-derived micropeptide, STORM (Stress- and TNF-α-activated ORF Micropeptide), is triggered by TNF-α-induced and MST1-mediated eIF4E phosphorylation, which exhibits molecular mimicry of SRP19 and, thus, competes for 7SL RNA. Our findings have uncovered a novel function of MST1 in mRNA and lncRNA translation by direct phosphorylation of eIF4E. This novel signaling pathway will provide new platforms for regulation of mRNA translation via post-translational protein modification.

Quantitative Compositional Profiling of Conjugated Quantum Dots with Single Atomic Layer Depth Resolution via Time-of-Flight Medium-Energy Ion Scattering Spectroscopy

Jung, Kang-Won,Yu, Hyunung,Min, Won Ja,Yu, Kyu-Sang,Sortica, M. A.,Grande, Pedro L.,Moon, DaeWon American Chemical Society 2014 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - Vol.86 No.2

<P>We report the quantitative compositional profiling of 3–5 nm CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) conjugated with a perfluorooctanethiol (PFOT) layer using the newly developed time-of-flight (TOF) medium-energy ion scattering (MEIS) spectroscopy with single atomic layer resolution. The collection efficiency of TOF-MEIS is 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional MEIS, enabling the analysis of nanostructured materials with minimized ion beam damage and without ion neutralization problems. The spectra were analyzed using PowerMEIS ion scattering simulation software to allow a wide acceptance angle. Thus, the composition and core–shell structure of the CdSe cores and ZnS shells were determined with a 3% composition uncertainty and a 0.2-nm depth resolution. The number of conjugated PFOT molecules per QD was also quantified. The size and composition of the QDs were consistent with those obtained from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. We suggest TOF-MEIS as a nanoanalysis technique to successfully elucidate the core–shell and conjugated layer structures of QDs, which is critical for the practical application of QDs in various nano- and biotechnologies.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancham/2014/ancham.2014.86.issue-2/ac402753j/production/images/medium/ac-2013-02753j_0007.gif'></P>