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Lee, Jae-Sung,Cho, Seong-Jae,Park, Byung-Gook,Harris, James S. Jr.,Kang, In-Man The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2012 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.12 No.2
In this paper, we present the radio-frequency (RF) modeling for gate-all-around (GAA) junctionless (JL) MOSFETs with 30-nm channel length. The presented non-quasi-static (NQS) model has included the gate-bias-dependent components of the source and drain (S/D) resistances. RF characteristics of GAA junctionless MOSFETs have been obtained by 3-dimensional (3D) device simulation up to 1 THz. The modeling results were verified under bias conditions of linear region (VGS = 1 V, VDS = 0.5 V) and saturation region (VGS = VDS = 1 V). Under these conditions, the root-mean-square (RMS) modeling error of $Y_{22}$-parameters was calculated to be below 2.4%, which was reduced from a previous NQS modeling error of 10.2%.
Jae Sung Lee,Seongjae Cho,Byung-Gook Park,James S. Harris,In Man Kang 대한전자공학회 2012 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.12 No.2
In this paper, we present the radiofrequency (RF) modeling for gate-all-around (GAA) junctionless (JL) MOSFETs with 30-㎚ channel length. The presented non-quasi-static (NQS) model has included the gate-bias-dependent components of the source and drain (S/D) resistances. RF characteristics of GAA junctionless MOSFETs have been obtained by 3-dimensional (3D) device simulation up to 1 ㎔. The modeling results were verified under bias conditions of linear region (VGS = 1 V, VDS = 0.5 V) and saturation region (VGS = VDS = 1 V). Under these conditions, the root-mean-square (RMS) modeling error of Y₂₂-parameters was calculated to be below 2.4%, which was reduced from a previous NQS modeling error of 10.2%.
A study of ejection modes for pulsed-DC electrohydrodynamic inkjet printing
Lee, M.W.,Kang, D.K.,Kim, N.Y.,Kim, H.Y.,James, S.C.,Yoon, S.S. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2012 Journal of aerosol science Vol.46 No.-
For electrohydrodynamic-driven drop-on-demand printing techniques, either continuous- or pulsed-DC voltages can generate drops. To generate uniform micro-drops for high-resolution printing, the pulsed-DC voltage method is superior to continuous-DC voltage methods because of its controllability. Voltage amplitude and duration (or duty cycle or relaxation time, τ) are the primary parameters affecting the performance of drop-generation or ejection. When charge accumulates on the fluid meniscus at the nozzle, a drop is ejected. Charge density is the product of voltage (amplitude) and duration. In theory, charge densities from low-amplitude, long-duration voltages are equivalent to those of large amplitude and short duration. However, we demonstrate that drop-ejection mode differs significantly, despite equivalent products when voltage amplitude and duration change. At various voltage amplitudes and durations, four ejection main modes are identified: microdripping, spindle, string-jet, and spray modes. Longer voltage durations yield excessively large, spindle, string-jet, and spray modes. Conversely, no ejection is observed for short voltage durations. The microdripping mode, most desirable for uniform and high-resolution printing, appears for the narrowed range of duration under given pulsed-voltage. The identification map has been constructed for these modes; this map can be used as a guideline to yield a stable microdripping mode for high quality printing.
Lee, Kyung-Hoon,Bishop, Georgia A.,Tian, Jin Bin,Jang, Yoon-Jin,Bui, Bao Chi,Nguyen, Truong Le Xuan,Ahn, Jee-Yin,King, James S. Liss 2007 Journal of neuroscience research Vol.85 No.9
<P>Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and its cognate receptors, defined as Type 1 and Type 2 have been localized within the cerebellum. The Type 2 CRF receptor (CRF-R2) is known to have both a full length (CRF-R2α) and a truncated (CRF-R2α-tr) isoform. A recent study documented CRF-R2α primarily in Bergann glia and astrocytes, as well as in populations of Purkinje cells in the adult cerebellum. The goal of the present study is to determine if CRF-R2α is present in the postnatal cerebellum, and if so to describe its cellular distribution. RT-PCR data showed that CRF-R2α is expressed in the mouse cerebellum from birth through postnatal day 21. Between birth and P14, CRF-R2α-immunoreactivity was localized within the somata of Purkinje cells, and migrating GABAergic interneurons. GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes, including Bergmann glia, also expressed CRF-R2α-immunoreactivity from P3-P14. There is a change, however, in CRF-R2α immunolabeling within neurons as the cerebellum matures. Compared to its expression in the adult cerebellum, Purkinje cells, and GABAergic interneurons showed more extensive CRF-R2α immunolabeling during early postnatal development. We postulate that CRF-R2α could be involved in developmental events related to the survival and differentiation of Purkinje cells and GABAergic neurons, whereas in the adult, this isoform of the CRF receptor family is likely involved in modulating Bergmann glia that have been shown to play a role in regulating the synaptic environment around Purkinje neurons. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>
Strain Hardening of Red Blood Cells by Accumulated Cyclic Supraphysiological Stress
Lee, Sung S.,Antaki, James F.,Kameneva, Marina V.,Dobbe, Johannes G.,Hardeman, Max R.,Ahn, Kyung H.,Lee, Seung J. Blackwell Publishing Inc 2007 Artificial Organs Vol.31 No.1
<P>Abstract: </P><P>The effect of elevated shear stress upon cellular trauma has been studied for many years, but the effect of long-term cyclic stress trauma on hemorheology has never been explored systematically. This study investigated sublytic trauma of red blood cells (RBCs) caused by repeated exposure to shear stress. A suspension of bovine blood was throttled through a capillary tube (inner diameter 1 mm and length 70 mm) connected to a recirculating flow loop. Samples were withdrawn every 30 min to measure deformability and characteristic time. The deformability of the cell was measured microscopically by observing the shape of the cell during the shear flow. It was found that cyclic shear irreversibly stiffened the cell membrane while the effect was not so much as that of continuous shear. The cell deformability was dramatically reduced by 73% when the stress of 300 Pa was applied for 288 s, while it was 7% under 90 Pa. These results elucidate the need for improved models to predict cellular trauma within the unsteady flow environment of mechanical circulatory assist devices.</P>
Lee, Y. S.,Kim, W. S.,Kim, K. H.,Yoon, M. J.,Cho, H. J.,Shen, Y.,Ye, J.-M.,Lee, C. H.,Oh, W. K.,Kim, C. T.,Hohnen-Behrens, C.,Gosby, A.,Kraegen, E. W.,James, D. E.,Kim, J. B. American Diabetes Association 2006 Diabetes Vol.55 No.8
<P>Berberine has been shown to have antidiabetic properties, although its mode of action is not known. Here, we have investigated the metabolic effects of berberine in two animal models of insulin resistance and in insulin-responsive cell lines. Berberine reduced body weight and caused a significant improvement in glucose tolerance without altering food intake in db/db mice. Similarly, berberine reduced body weight and plasma triglycerides and improved insulin action in high-fat-fed Wistar rats. Berberine downregulated the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and upregulated those involved in energy expenditure in adipose tissue and muscle. Berberine treatment resulted in increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and L6 myotubes, increased GLUT4 translocation in L6 cells in a phosphatidylinositol 3' kinase-independent manner, and reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These findings suggest that berberine displays beneficial effects in the treatment of diabetes and obesity at least in part via stimulation of AMPK activity.</P>