비글견에서 캡슐 내시경의 위장관 이동분석 평가

장화석,양희택,김상영,우동철,박우대,용준환,최보영,김휘율,최치봉,Chang, Hwa-Seok,Yang, Hee-Taek,Kim, Sang-Youn,Woo, Dong-Cheol,Park, Woo-Dae,Yong, Joon-Hwan,Choe, Bo-Young,Kim, Hwi-Yool,Choi, Chi-Bong 한국의학물리학회 2008 의학물리 Vol.19 No.2

수의 임상에서 캡슐 내시경(capsule endoscopy, CE)의 사용에 기본적인 기준과 유용성을 정립하기 위하여 정상 중형견($7{\sim}13\;kg$)에서 캡슐의 위 통과시간(gastric transit time, GTT), 작은창자 통과시간(small intestinal transit time, SITT), 완전통과율(complete transit time, CTT)을 측정하고 통과율을 분석하였다. 1군(capsule 투여), 2군(capsule+water 투여), 3군(metoclopramide+capsule 투여) 그리고 (metoclopramide+capsule+water 투여)의 총 4군으로 나누어 방사선 촬영을 통하여 평가를 실시했다. GTT는 평균 $45{\sim}20\;min$ (group 1), $117{\pm}35\;min$ (group 2), $150{\pm}40\;min$ (group 3), $154{\pm}65\;min$ (group 4)였으며 SITT는 평균 $75{\pm}20\;min$ (group 1), $195{\pm}55\;min$ (group 2), $75{\pm}15\;min$(group 3), $76{\pm}15\;min$ (group 4)로 나타났다. 완전통과율(complete passage rate)은 각각 20% (group 1), 40%, (group 2), 20% (group 3), 50% (group 4)로 나타났다. 실험결과 캡슐이 유문부를 통과하기만 하면 내시경 캡슐 배터리 수명인 8시간 이내로 위장관을 모두 통과하였으며 물을 위내로 투여한 후 volume의 증가에 의한 위 운동성의 증가는 캡슐의 유문부 통과에 도움이 되었다. 그러나 metoclopramide의 투여는 유문부의 통과와 SITT의 시간에 대한 유의적인 효과가 나타나지 않았다. The object of this study is to measure the transit time and passage rate of capsule endoscopy (CE) in the gastrointestinal tract in medium sized beagle dogs ($7{\sim}13\;kg$). Animals were divided into four groups: only capsule (group 1, n=10), capsule+water (group 2, n=10), mettoclopramide+capsule (group 3, n=10), metoclopramide +capsule+water (group 4, n=10). The capsule transit times through the stomach and small bowel were evaluated by radiography findings. Gastric transit time (GTT), small intestinal transit time (SITT) and complete passage rate were measured in four groups. GTT's for each group were as follows; $45{\pm}20\;min$ (group 1), $117{\pm}35\;min$ (group 2), $150{\pm}40\;min$ (group 3), and $154{\pm}65\;min$ (group 4), while SITT's were $75{\pm}20\;min$ (group 1), $195{\pm}55\;min$ (group 2), $70{\pm}15\;min$ (group 3), and $76{\pm}15\;min$ (group 4). The complete passage rates were 20% (group 1), 40% (group 2), 20% (group 3), 50% (group 4). In all groups, if CE could pass through the pylorus, it passed all small intestinal tracts within 8 hours (battery life). Administration of water helped CE to pass pylori, except in case of metoclopramide administration. These results indicate that CE could be an useful tool for examining gastrointestinal diseases in the veterinary medicine.

광 촉매 이산화 티타늄의 개 피부에 대한 항균효과

장화석,김지은,정다정,이정선,최치봉,김휘율,Chang, Hwa-Seok,Kim, Ji-Eun,Chung, Dai-Jung,Lee, Jung-Sun,Choi, Chi-Bong,Kim, Hwi-Yool 대한수의학회 2006 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.46 No.3

Photo-catalytic products have been widely used at home and hospital to prevent bacteria, virus and fungus. Activities of anti-bacteria, anti-viruses and anti-fungi are based upon direct contact of crystals and particles of titanium dioxide with pathogens, into which titanium is catalyzed by photo. Those antimicrobial activities of the photo-catalytic titanium dioxide have been proved in vitro. However, in vivo tests of those activities have not been carried out on dog skin. Aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of the catalytic titanium dioxide in vivo. Ten beagle dogs were divided into two groups. One group was sprayed with 10ml of titanium dioxide(1 mg/ml) whereas the other was not. The treated dogs were exposed under the sunlight for 120 min. A set of three hairs was taken 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after the exposure and the bacteria contaminated in hairs were amplified in, Muller Hilton broth at $35^{\circ}C{\pm}1$ for 3 h. The supernatant of the bacterial culture was diluted 1 : 10 in phosphafe-buffered saline. One milliliter of the diluents was transferred into triphenyltetrazolium medium(TTC) and incubated at $35^{\circ}C{\pm}1$ for 2 days. The number of bacteria was counted. The number of bacteria colonies was decreased compared to control group. To further investigate the longevity effect of titanium dioxide, the dogs were kept in indoor without sun light for 6 and 12 h, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14 days after exposure of the chemical during each 15, 30, 60 min. The number of bacteria colony in 1ml was counted. The number of bacterial colonies was decreased. Treated group is exposured by sun light during 15 min, the longevity effect of titanium dioxide is continued by 1 week. Treated group is exposured by sun light during 30, 60 min, the longevity effect of titanium dioxide is continued over 2 weeks. These data indicated that the photo-catalytic titanium dioxide may be used for prevent bacteria on dog skin.

Isofourane으로 마취된 개에 medetomidine, medetomidine-buprenorphine, medetomidine-fentanyl의 경막외 투여 시 심혈관계 반응과 진통효과의 비교

장화석,김혜진,최치봉,이정선,김휘율,Chang, Hwa-Seok,Kim, Hye-Jin,Choi, Chi-Bong,Lee, Jung-Sun,Kim, Hwi-Yool 대한수의학회 2007 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.47 No.1

The aim of this study was to compare the reaction of the cardiovascular system, and the anesthetic effect among 3 experimental groups, epidural administration of medetomidine as a single agent, the combination of buprenorphine and medetomidine, and the combination of fentanyl and medetomidine. Twenty one dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane and allowed to breathe spontaneously. Epidural, arterial, and venous catheters were inserted. The tip of epidural catheter was positioned at the level of the space between the sixth and seventh lumbar vertebra. After a stable plane of anesthesia was achieved, these dogs were each administered one of the following treatments epidurally : medetomidine $10{\mu}g/kg$ (Group M), a combination of medetomidine $5{\mu}g/kg$ and buprenorphine $10{\mu}g/kg$ (Group M/B), and a combination of medetomidine $5{\mu}g/kg$ and fentanyl $10{\mu}g/kg$ (Group M/F). Heart rate (HR), Respiratory rate (RR), End-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), and arterial blood pressure were measured before drug administration (base line) and 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 min postinjection. Blood gas analysis was performed before injection and 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 60 min postinjection. Isoflurane was discontinued 80 min postinjection and pain/motor function were evaluated up to 260 min postinjection every 15 min. At the early stage of drug introduction (until 5 min), the HR was decreased significantly in all 3 groups compared with base line. In Group M, HR was significantly decreased compared with the other 2 groups. With time (starting 20 min after drug introduction), the HR was decreased significantly in Group M/B in respect to base line. However, no significant difference was seen number-wise in all 3 groups. During 60 min after drug introduction, the systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures were highest in Group M and lowest in Group M/F. Among 3 groups, drug action and motor loss duration were longest in Group M/F. Analgesic effect observed in the M/F group was the most prominent and long-lasting, compared to those seen in the other 2 groups. Given the fact that the recovery of motor function takes place in a short period of time after analgesic effects disappeared, additional use of M/F depending on the patient's condition would be a good way to achieve effective pain management. However, proper care should be taken to ensure the function of cardiovascular system in the patient because the administration of M/F under isoflurane anesthesia results in a significant decline in arterial blood pressure ($65{\pm}10mmHg$).

마취된 개의 자발호흡상태에서 일측폐환기 및 양측폐환기가 심순환기 및 호흡기계에 미치는 영향

송영성,장화석,김혜진,김순신,최준철,양희택,정다정,김휘율,Song, Young-sung,Chang, Hwa-seok,Kim, Hye-jin,Kim, Soon-shin,Choi, Joon-chul,Yang, Hee-taek,Chung, Dai-jung,Kim, Hwi-yool 대한수의학회 2005 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.45 No.2

One-lung ventilation (OLV) is the isolation and selective ventilation of one lung field. OLV allows the collapse of lung lobes on the side of the thoracic surgical approach to facilitate observation of intrathoracic structures and to achieve lung immobility. OLV be achieved by endotracheal intubation with double lumen tubes or bronchial blockers. In this study, cardiopulmonary consequences of two-lung ventilation (TLV), OLV and Re-TLV (TLV after OLV) were evaluated in 5 dogs. The dogs were anesthetized with mask induction and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Tidal volume and respiratory rates were set to maintain end-tidal $CO_2$ at $40{\pm}2mmHg$ during instrumentation. Following instrumentation, the dogs were placed in right lateral recumbency and induced spontaneously respiration state. Effect of TLV on hemodynamic and pulmonary variables were recorded. Then, the left bronchus was obstructed by endotracheal intubation with double lumen endotracheal tube to achieve OLV state and recording was continued. After OLV, double lumen endotracheal tube was extubated, and standard endotracheal tubes was intubated again. In this study, spontaneous OLV caused significant decrease in $PaO_2$, arterial oxygen saturation, mixed-venous oxygen saturation, and increase in $PaCO_2$. Especially, a significant elevation in $PaCO_2$ and respiratory acidosis were remarkable findings. So spontaneous ventilation in OLV affected gas exchange and hemodynamic function.

An Etiologic Study of Rabbit Dermatitis at Large Rabbit Farms in South Korea

Sung-Ho Kim(김성호),Jae-Hoon Lee(이재훈),Hwa-Seok Chang(장화석),Eun-Hee Kang(강은희),Dai-Jung Chung(정다정),Hwi-Yool Kim(김휘율) 한국생명과학회 2009 생명과학회지 Vol.19 No.11

본 실험은 2007년 8월에서 9월 동안, 집단 사육되는 토끼에서 피부병을 유발한 주 병원체를 확인하고 역학적인 특성을 조사하기 위해 실시되었다. 총 10개의 농장에서 임상적으로 피부병이 명확한 토끼들을 선별하여 실험에 공시하였다. 40마리의 토끼 피부병변에서 모발 및 피부 조직 520개를 채취하여 진균학적, 세균학적, 기생충학적으로 검사를 실시하였다. 피부사상균, 세균성 피부염 그리고 기생충성 피부염의 발병율은 각각 95%, 92.5% 그리고 7.5%로 나타났다. 진균 배양 결과에서 피부 사상균의 주된 원인체로 Trichophyton mentagrophyte (95%)가 가장 많이 검출되었고, 그 다음으로 Aspergillus spp. (5%)와 Cryptococcus humilocus (2.5%)가 순차적으로 검출되었다. 세균 배양 결과에서는 토끼의 세균성 피부염을 유발하는 원인체로 Staphylococcus coagulase가 가장 많이 검출되었고, Staphylococcus aureus가 두 번째로 많은 비율을 차지하였다. 이 연구에서는 외부 기생충의 검출은 낮게 나타났으며, Psoroptes cuniculi가 40마리의 토끼 중 3마리에서(7.5%) 검출되었다. 본 실험의 결과는 토끼 피부병 치료와 연구에 관련한 기초 정보를 제공할 것이라 판단된다. This study was carried out between August and September 2007 to determine the causative agents and epidemiologic features of rabbit dermatitis in Korea. Rabbits were shipped to the laboratory in the College of Veterinary Medicine from 10 rabbit farms. A total of 520 hair, blood, and skin specimens collected from skin lesions of 40 rabbits with suspected dermatopathy were examined mycologically, bacteriologically, and parasitologically. The positive rates of dermatophytosis, bacterial skin dermatitis, and ectoparasite dermatitis were 95, 92.5, and 7.5%, respectively. The etiologic agents of dermatophytosis were identified as Trichophyton mentagrophyte (95%), non-dermatophytic filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus spp. (5%), and Cryptococcus humilocus (2.5%). With respect to bacteria-related skin dermatitis, Staphylococcus coagulase negative was the most common etiological agent. Staphylococcus aureus was the second most frequent causative agent. Most of the pathogenic isolates were resistant to tetracycline, and aminoglycosides such as amikacin and gentamicin were the most effective drugs against the pathologic bacteria isolated. Ectoparasites were rarely detected in this study. Only Psoroptes cuniculis was detected in 3 (7.5%) out of the 40 tested rabbits. The role of ectoparasites as a causative agent of dermatitis in rabbits in this study was minimal. Our results provide important information related to rabbit dermatitis treatments and researches.