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SP-ICP-MS 및 ICP-MS를 이용한 HepG2 세포 내 금 나노물질 축적 평가
김은정 ( Eunjeong Kim ),성화경 ( Hwa Kyung Sung ),유선경 ( Sun Kyoung Yoo ),조은혜 ( Eunhye Jo ),김현미 ( Hyun-mi Kim ),김필제 ( Pilje Kim ),유승도 ( Seung Do Yu ) 한국환경분석학회 2018 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.21 No.2
The cellular uptake of gold nanomaterials (AuNPs) was investigated in human liver HepG2 cells exposed to 0.5 or 1 μg/mL of AuNPs for 24 hours. After the exposure period, the total gold concentration in the medium and cells was observed to have increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner; gold nanomaterials were mainly present in the medium, while some were present in the cells. SP-ICP-MS showed that the AuNPs concentration increased in the medium and cells, but the results were lower in comparison to the total gold concentration measured by ICP-MS. This difference was presumably due to the fact that AuNPs were ionized and aggregated, and only a part of them retained a shape that is detectable by SP-ICP-MS. The median size of AuNPs remained similar after 24 hours to that at initial exposure. In conclusion, this study confirmed the applicability of SP-ICP-MS for the analysis of the concentration and size of AuNPs and the distribution pattern of AuNPs in HepG2 cells.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles dispersion in media including natural organic matter for ecotoxicity test
Sun-Young Park(박선영),Kyung-tae Kim(김경태),Yu-jin Shin(신유진),Ji-eun Kim(김지은),Jae-woo Lee(이재우),Eunhye Jo(조은혜),Hwa Kyung Sung(성화경),Pil-je Kim(김필제),Kyung-hee Choi(최경희),Ig-chun Eom(엄익춘) 환경독성보건학회 2015 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2015 No.10
생물시험법을 이용한 중금속 물질의 급성 및 피부독성 평가
조은혜 ( Eunhye Jo ),유선경 ( Sun Kyoung Yoo ),성화경 ( Hwa Kyung Sung ),김은정 ( Eunjeong Kim ),엄익춘 ( Igchun Eom ),김필제 ( Pilje Kim ) 한국환경분석학회 2017 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.20 No.2
Cadmium chloride(CdCl<sub>2</sub>), copper(II) chloride(CuCl<sub>2</sub>), potassium dichromate(VI)(K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>), zinc chloride (ZnCl<sub>2</sub>) and nickel(II) chloride(NiCl<sub>2</sub>) are found in a wide range of products. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute toxicity and skin irritancy of the five chemicals using in vitro systems, and compare the results with in vivo endpoints. In this study, BALB/c 3T3 cells were exposed to several concentrations of CdCl<sub>2</sub>, CuCl<sub>2</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> ZnCl<sub>2</sub>, and NiCl<sub>2</sub>,and the neutral red uptake (NRU) assay was used to analyze cell viability. In addition, the chemicals were applied to the EpiDerm human skin model (EPI-200) to determine which of them causes significant cytotoxicity. Compared with the UN GHS and EU risk phrases, the assay results exhibited a high prediction rate (100%) in the skin bioassay. In contrast, the acute toxicity bioassay results were more similar to the lethal dose, 50% obtained from rat experiments than GHS and R-phrases. In summation, these findings indicate that acute toxicity and skin irritancy bioassays can be utilized as an alternative to the use of animals in evaluating chemical toxicity.
김은정(Eunjeong Kim),이재우(Jae-woo Lee),조은혜(Eunhye Jo),성화경(Hwa Kyung Sung),유선경(Sun Kyoung Yoo),김경태(Kyung-tae Kim),신유진(Yu-jin Shin),김지은(Ji-eun Kim),박선영(Sun-Young Park),엄익춘(Ig-chun Eom),김필제(Pilje Kim) 한국환경보건학회 2017 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.43 No.3
Objectives: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used in various commercial products, but they are exposed to the environment and can induce toxicity. In this study, we investigated the environmental fate and bioaccumulation of ZnO NPs in a microcosm. Methods: The microcosm was composed of water, soil (Lufa Soil 2.2) and organisms (Oryzias latipes, Neocaridina denticulata, Semisulcospira libertina). Point five and 5 mg/L of ZnO NPs were exposed in the microcosm for 14 days. Total Zn concentrations were measured using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) and intracellular NPs were observed using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Results: In the initial stages of exposure, the Zn concentrations in water increased in all exposure groups and then decreased, while the Zn concentration in soil increased after three hours for the 5 mg/L solution. Zn concentrations also showed increasing trends in N. denticulata and S. libertina at 0.5 and 5 mg/L, and in O. latipes at 5 mg/L. Accumulation of NPs was found in the livers of O. latipes and hepatopancreas of N. denticulata and S. libertina. Conclusions: In the early stages of exposure, ZnO NPs remained in the water, and then were transported to the soil and test species. Unlike other species, total Zn concentrations in N. denticulata and S. libertina increased for both 0.5 mg/L and 5 mg/L. Therefore, ZnO NPs were more easily accumulated in zoobenthos than in fish.
의류 브랜드 이미지에 관한 질적 연구 : A Qualitative Approach
김민경,정인희,성화경 한국의류학회 2002 한국의류학회지 Vol.26 No.11
Two components of brand image are brand association related to brand properties and brand persona which is measured by descriptive words. The purpose of this study is to analyze the brand image of apparel by qualitative approach including natural grouping method suggested by Aaker. For this, face-to-face interviews were carried out in March and April _(2001. 11) interviewees were respectively asked to classify pre-selected several tens of apparel brands based on their image differentiation, and then to explain the reason of grouping and to describe resultant brand groups. In this process, many brand image associations and brand persona-descriptive words were collected. 9 types of brand association wr\ere identified, and these were summarized as three factors suggested by Keller attributes, benefits, and attitudes/evaluations. And 3 words which used to refer brand image frequently -dokteukhan (unique), simple, and yeosungseureowoon (feminine)- were interpreted in their meaning. Brand persona-descriptive words implied diverse meaning which were dependent on context.