벼에서 캘러스 유기원와 계대배양 기간에 따른 재분화 계통의 주요 농업형질 변이

이기환,오병근,양세준,김순철,남민희,Yi, Gi-Hwan,Oh, Byeong-Geun,Yang, Sae-Jun,Kim, Soon-Chul,Nam, Min-Hee 한국식물생명공학회 2003 식물생명공학회지 Vol.30 No.4

벼의 미수분 자방배양으로부터 분화된 후대집단 (0$_2$)의 주요 농업적 형질특성을 조사하고 이를 약배양 및 현미배양으로부터 분화된 후대집단과 상호비교하여 본 바, 주요농업형질의 계통내 고정도는 자방배양에서 87.9%,약에서는 89.8%,현미배양은 82.6%로 나타나 약배양과 마찬가지로 자방배양에서도 고정도가 높았다. 주요 형질별 분리양상을 보면 자방배양에서는 엽색이 4.2%로 가장 빈도가 높았으며, 약배양에서는 임성 (6.1%),현미배양에서는 엽색 (4.9%),임성 (4.9%)순이었다. 또한 캘러스를 1달과 2달 계대배양한 후대의 경우 간장에서 각각 8.9%와 10.0%로 분리하는 형질의 계통비율이 높게 나타났다. 간장, 수장, 출수기에 대한 변이성 정도는 자방배양에서는 약배양과 비슷한 정도의 변이를 보인 반면, 현미배양에서는 크게 나타났으며 간장과 수장의 평균은 모두 모품종인 화영벼에 비하여 줄어들었고 출수기는 다소 지연되는 경향을 보였다. Variations of agronomic traits were evaluated on the progenies of regenerated rice plants of different callus origin and subculture period. From eighty-eight percent to ninety percents of ovary culture-derived plants (OCP) and anther culture-derived plants (ACP) were not segregated within the lines in major agronomic characters. Compare to ACP and OCP lines, the seed culture derived lines (SCP) showed more segregation (17%) in major agronomic traits among the lines. The most frequent segregating traits were grain fertility (6.1%) in ACP, leaf color (4.2%) in OCP and grain fertility (4.9%) and leaf color (4.9%) in SCP lines. The SCP line showed more variation in culm length, panicle length and heading date than those of OCP and ACP lines. The variation of agronomic traits in SCP lines was tended to increase with prolonged subculture. Culm and panicle length were shorter than those of original cultivar in all three types of tissue culture-derived lines (OCP, ACP and SCP).

벼 약배양에 효과적인 배지조성 및 저온처리 방법

이기환,원용재,고종민,박향미,조준현,오병근,양세준,김순철,남민희,Yi, Gi-Hwan,Won, Yong-Jae,Ko, Jong-Min,Park, Hyang-Mi,Cho, Jun-Hyeon,Oh, Byeong-Geun,Yang, Sae-Jun,Kim, Soon-Chul,Nam, Min-Hee 한국식물생명공학회 2003 식물생명공학회지 Vol.30 No.4

In spite of potential benefits of anther culture, low productivity of plant regeneration in some genotypes; e.g. tonsil and indica rice, is one of the major obstacles for practical use of anther culture. This study was conducted to improve cold shock method and carbohydrate source for increasing the efficiency of anther culture in rice. The most common carbon source, sucrose was replaced to maltose, which has two molecules of glucose. Maltose increased callus induction 1.4-to 1.8-fold higher in japonica rice, 3.2-to 11.6-fold in tongil types and 2.7-fold in indica rice IR50. Callus induction was increased from 0.2% to 12.5% in maltose medium compared to the medium supplemented with sucrose plus glucose in indica rice "Tetep". A simple procedure of vacuum packaging of panicles during cold shock treatment prolonged not only anther viability more than 15 days but also increased callus induction more than 2-fold compared to open-air storage (conventional method). Combining of above two methods, callus induction was increased 28 to 56% in japonica, 13 to 33% in tonsil type and 12 to 31% in indica rice. Plant regeneration was increased 14 to 35% in japonica, 10 to 20% in tonsil and 4 to 15% in indica rice, respectively.

벼 未受粉 子房培養에 의한 植物體 再分化

Gi Hwan Yi(李起煥),Jae Keun Sohn(孫再根),Byung Geun Oh(吳秉根),Ho Yeong Kim(金皓瑛) 한국육종학회 1996 한국육종학회지 Vol.28 No.2

Gynogenic calli and plants were induced from the unpollinated ovary culture of rice. The gynogenic callus were stimulated from early to mid-uninucleate pollen development stage. Ovary enlargement and callus formation were difficult without growth regulator. The ability of callus formation was higher on the medium with 2,4-D(1㎎/ℓ) than that of MCPA. The regenerated plants were mostly haploid or diploid and a few were polyploid.

형질전환 벼 이용 품종 조기개발 체계 확립

원용재,이기환,조준현,고종민,박향미,한창덕,양세준,김순철,남민희,Won, Yong-Jae,Yi, Gi-Hwan,Cho, Jun-Hyeon,Ko, Jong-Min,Park, Hyang-Mi,Han, Chang-Deok,Yang, Sae-Jun,Kim, Soon-Chul,Nam, Min-Hee 한국식물생명공학회 2004 식물생명공학회지 Vol.31 No.1

This study was carried out to establish a new breeding scheme which is connected with conventional breeding method and anther culture method. To develop a herbicide resistant and direct seeding rice, $F_1$ plants were subjected to anther culture and regenerated plants from 5 crosses were studied to confirm the introduction of bar gene. After PCR analysis, we selected 227 plants which were carrying herbicide resistance gene (bar) out of 1,508 regenerated plants from anther culture. Among 169 $A_2$ lines carrying herbicide resistant gene from 5 crosses including YR23235 (Dongjin Ds3(Ba $r^{R}$)/ Milyang165), 42 lines that had superior agronomic characters were selected for further research. Among them, YR23235Acp79 which showed herbicide resistance, direct seeding adaptability and superiority in major agronomic characters was named Milyang 204. This breeding scheme proved that the anther culture of $F_1$ plants crossed between transformant and cultivar or transform ant alone could be utilized in breeding programs for a rapid progeny fixation and development of a variety.y. 형질전환 식물체를 직접 이용하기에는 후대에 유전적인 고정 및 포장검정이라는 문제가 대두되는데, 이를 해결하기 위하여 본 연구는 바스타저항성 유전자가 도입된 벼와 직파적 응성 계통을 교잡한 후 약배양에 의한 형질전환체 고정 등 기존 육종체계와 연계하여 제초제 저항성 직파적응 계통을 조기에 육성할 수 있는 체계를 확립하고자 수행하였다. 제초제 저항성 직파적응 계통을 조기에 육성하고자 1999년 동계에 교배된 동진벼 Ds15(Ba $r^{R}$)/주남벼 등 5조합으로부터 2000년 $F_1$을 양성하고, 이들을 PCR분석으로 제초제 저항성 유전자 bar도입을 확인한 후 약배양을 실시하여 얻어진 1,508개의 재분화 식물체 중 제초제 저항성 유전자가 도입된 169개체 ( $A_2$)에서 채종하였다. 이들을 2001년 포장에 공시하여 42계통을 선발하고,2002년에 동진벼 Ds15 (Ba $r^{R}$)/주남벼 조합에서 수량 등 주요 농업형질이 우수한 7계통을 생산력 검정시험에 공시한 결과 제초제 저항성이면서 직파적응성 등 기타 농업형질이 우수한 YR23235Acp79를 선발하여 밀양 204호로 계통명을 부여하였다. 결과적으로 형질전환체를 이용하여 교배부터 계통선발까지 3년 만에 목적하는 계통을 조기에 육성할 수 있는 생력육종체계가 확립되었다.

형질전환 제초제저항성 벼 밀양 204호의 농업적 특성

정응기,이기환,원용재,박향미,전남수,최준호,구연충,한창덕,은무영,김태산,남민희,Jeong Eung-Gi,Yi Gi-Hwan,Won Yong-Jea,Park Hyang-Mi,Cheon Nam-Soo,Choi Jun-Ho,Ku Yeon-Chung,Han Chang-Deok,Eun Mu-Yeong,Kim Tae-Sas,Nam Min-Hee 한국식물생명공학회 2005 식물생명공학회지 Vol.32 No.2

밀양 204호는 작물과학원 영남농업연구소 생명공학연구팀이 직파적응 제초제저항성 벼 품종을 육성할 목적으로 '98년 bar 유전자를 동진벼에 아그로박테리움법으로 형질 전환하여 제초제저항성 벼를 양성하였다. '98/'99년 동계에 단간 내도복 양질인 주남벼를 인공교배하여 약배양 등 육종프로그램에 적용하여 우량계통을 선발하고 밀양 204호로 계통명을 부여하였다. GM 벼와 Non-GM 벼의 농업적 특성을 UPOV 및 국립종자관리소의 품종등록 기준에 따른 농업적특성 중 차이가 있었던 것은 엽색도, 지엽의 형태, 간장, 수당립수 등 이었다. This study was conducted to investigated the major characteristics of genetically modified rice of 'Milyang 204' originated from Dongjinbyeo compared to a non-transgenic rice varieties Dongjinbyeo and Jun-ambyeo. Basta resistant transgenic rice lines carrying bar gene produced by the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute were evaluated for their agronomic characters. The transgenic Japonica rice of 'Milyang 204' showed inferior phenotypic traits compared to a non-transgenic rice variety Dongjinbyeo and Junambyeo. On the basis of UPOV (Union Internationale Pour la Protaection des Obtentions Vegetables) and NSMO(National Seed Management Office) the transgenic 'Milyang 204' showed difference in some traits out of some agronomic traits, such as leaf color, angle of flag leaf, number of spikelets, culm length, white core and white belly compared to the non-transgenic varieties rice.

가나의 벼 생산성 증대를 위한 종자생산 환경 분석

강환우 ( Hwan Woo Kang ),이기환 ( Gi Hwan Yi ) 한국국제농업개발학회 2014 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.26 No.3

Rice is the second most important cereal after maize in Ghana. Rice consumption has been growing rapidly, mainly around towns such as Accra. However, self-sufficiency rate remains to be about 46% of the national consumption. Ghana depends largely on imported rice to augment the domestic deficit in rice supply. High level of dependence on imported rice causes financial burden to the country’s foreign currency reserves, as well as to food security accompanied by raising international grain price. This paper aimed at policy recommendation of seed system in Ghana to increase self sufficiency in rice. Ghana shows a number of findings to include non-certified varieties are all over the country, lack of capacity to develop domestic varieties, excessive work and fund resource shortages of national agricultural research institutions and its management institutions, low trust and poor information about certified seeds and modern varieties (MV), and difficulty in purchasing new varieties. In order to solve these problems, we suggest to utilize semi-informal system and information providing system using Social Networking System (SNS) for the improvement of seed promotion and fast dissemination of agricultural technologies. The main idea of semi-informal system is the multiplication of fresh certified seeds under the observation of the Agriculture Extension Agents (AEAs) and qualified core seed growers. In conclusion, certified seed production and distribution will greatly contribute to the rice productivity improvement and food self-sufficiency. In addition, fast dissemination of agricultural technology via SNS, farmers’ accessibility will be improved on new agricultural technology or new varieties.

보증기관의 모니터링에 관한 실증분석

김도영 ( Do Young Kim ),이기환 ( Gi Hwan Yi ) 서강대학교 시장경제연구소(구 서강대학교 경제연구소) 2011 시장경제연구 Vol.40 No.1

창업 및 중소기업 신용할당의 근본 원인인 정보 비대칭성 문제의 한 가지 해결방안으로 보증기관에 의한 모니터링을 들 수 있다. 본 논문은 보증기관의 모니터링 역할을 실증적으로 규명한다. 기술보증기금의 창업기업 자료를 이용하여 분석한 결과 보증여부, 보증업력 및 보증규모와는 별개로 보증개시여부가 고용 및 투자 등 보증관련 성과에 정(+)의 영향을 주고 있음을 확인하였다. 이는 보증기관으로부터 보증을 받았다는 사실이 추가적인 성과를 가져다 주는 것으로, 보증기관이 모니터링을 통해 정보의 비대칭성을 축소시켜 보증기업의 자금조달 능력을 향상시킨 결과에 기인한 것으로 판단할 수 있다. Asymmetric information is the main source of credit rationing for small and starting firms. One of the solutions for this asymmetric information problem is monitoring by institutions for credit guarantee. This article empirically investigates the role of monitoring by such institutions. For starting firms in the KIBO database, we find that the outcome of credit guarantee measured by the firm`s employment, investment, and others are positively correlated with whether the year is the starting year of the credit guarantee, in addition to the fact that whether the firm receives the guarantee, the history of the guarantee, and the size of the guarantee. As this finding indicates that credit guarantee improves the firm`s performance, it provides the evidence that monitoring by institutions for credit guarantee reduces information gap and therefore enhances the firm`s borrowing ability.

벼 세포배양에서 유래된 변이체의 유전

손재근(Jae Keun Sohn),이기환(Gi Hwan Yi),남민희(Min Hee Nam),오병근(Byeong Geun Oh),최해춘(Hae Chune Choi),김순철(Soon Chul Kim) 경북대학교 유전공학연구소 2000 遺傳工學硏究所報 Vol.14 No.-

벼 葯培養 後代의 主要 農業 形質 變異

Jae Keun Sohn(孫再根),Gi Hwan Yi(李起煥),Byong Geun Oh(吳秉根),Sang Jong Lim(林尙鍾) 한국육종학회 1995 한국육종학회지 Vol.27 No.4

Spontaneously doubled-haploid plants (A₀) were recovered from anther culture of japonica rice cultivar “Hwayeongbyeo” which developed by anther culture techniques. Culm length, panicle length, and 1,000-grain weight were compared with those of the donor plants for the determination of variability in A₁ and A₂ generation. Sixty-three percent of 52 A₁ lines were similar to the donor plants, while 21.1% were putative homozygous mutants that had no segregation within the lines and 15.4% showed heterozygous variants in one or more characters. One hundred and fifty seven A₂ lines derived from 33 A₁ lines which were simmilar to the donor plants in A₁ generation showed no significant difference in culm length, panicle length, heading date, and 1,000-grain weight. However, 114 descendents (A₂) of 19 lines varied in A₁ generation showed higher coefficient of variation than those of the donor cultivar “Hwayeongbyeo” in investigated characters, espacially in 1,000-grain weight.

GM 벼의 유전자이동 가능성 및 잡초 특성비교

이현숙(Hyun-Suk Lee),이기환(Gi-Hwan Yi),김경민(Kyung-Min Kim) 韓國雜草學會 2012 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.32 No.1

이 연구는 비타민 A 강화벼(GM 벼)와 모품종인 낙동 및 일반품종을 대조로 농업적인 생육특성과 잡초를 대상으로 유전자 전이 정도를 조사하였다. GM 벼의 농업적인 특성에서 모품종인 낙동과 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 우점 잡초군과 건물중에서 유의성이 보이지 않았다. GM 벼와 모품종인 낙동 재배구의 우점 잡초는 물달개비, 올방개, 좀개구리밥, 물피 등의 10여 종이었다. 잡초의 유전자 전이 정도를 PCR 분석 결과, GM 벼와 낙동 그리고 우점잡초 8종에서 유전자 전이가 나타나지 않았다. 그러므로 비타민 A 강화벼의 화분이 비래하여 비표적 다른 품종의 벼 또는 주변 잡초에 유전자 이동이 일어나 외래유전자가 함유된 잡초가 출현하는 경우는 거의 없을 것으로 사료된다 This study was carried out to investigate the agronomic traits, comparison of weed characteristics and possibility of gene flow in "vitamin A enforced GM rice" and the donor plant, "Nagdong". The GM rice was not significantly different agronomic traits compared to the donor plant, Nagdong. Weed population changes were investigated in the cultivation of the GM rice and the donor plant, Nagdong. Dominant weed species and their dry matter did not show the difference between GM rice and the donor plant, Nagdong in macro-GM crop field. Dominant weed species with the GM rice and the donor plant, Nagdong were Monochoria vaginalis, followed by Eleocharis kuroguwai, Echinochloa crus-galli and Lindernia procumbens. The detection of gene from the GM rice was done using PCR, gene flow can"t be detected by weed species. Results of this study on the agronomic traits, weed characteristics and possibility of gene flow has elucidated that GM rice might not be different from the donor plant, Nagdong.