<銀世界>의 상징성 연구

李銀卿,Lee, Eun Kyeong 한국외국어대학교 1987 우리어문학연구 Vol.1 No.1

A Reconsideration of Asymmetrical English Coordination

이은경 ( Eun-kyeong Lee ) 대한영어영문학회 2013 영어영문학연구 Vol.39 No.3

This paper sheds new light on how to explain the coordination asymmetry contingent on various syntactic standards. It is argued that the mirror-imaged coordination structure by building up the two separate criteria is accordingly driven: One is for binding, possessive with extraposition, substitution and insertion and the other is for Case, subcategorization and agreement. It follows in the flexible manner that while coordinator & is paired as one unit with the first conjunct for some occasions, coordinator & is combined with the second one for others. Thus, I propose that the former is under strong influence from head (T,V,P)'s locality and the latter is involved with the parametric conditions. Consequently, it is a reflection that the first-pair unit can be another potential configuration of the second-pair unit, which is caused by the head & parameter. (Chonbuk National University)

문제해결형 탐구 모듈 적용에서의 SWH 활용 효과에 대한 학생들의 인식 조사

이은경 ( Eun Kyeong Lee ),강성주 ( Seong Joo Kang ) 한국과학교육학회 2006 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.26 No.4

충북의 설화를 통한 문화콘텐츠 활용방안

이은경(Lee, Eun-kyeong) 충북연구원 2006 충북학 Vol.8 No.-

학생-학생 언어적 상호작용 분석을 통한 문제 해결형 탐구 모듈에서의 SWH활용 효과

이은경 ( Eun Kyeong Lee ),강성주 ( Seong Joo Kang ) 한국과학교육학회 2008 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.28 No.2

(E)-2-(substituted benzylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]naphthalen-1-one 유도체들의 tyrosinase 활성억제 효과

이은경(Eun Kyeong Lee),김주현(Ju Hyun Kim),문경미(Kyoung Mi Moon),하수경(Sugyeong Ha),노상균(Sang-Gyun Noh),김대현(Dae Hyun Kim),이봉기(Bonggi Lee),김도현(Do Hyun Kim),김수정(Su Jeong Kim),울라술탄(Sultan Ullah),문형룡(Hyung Ryong Moo 한국생명과학회 2017 생명과학회지 Vol.27 No.2

본 연구에서는 (E)-2-(substituted benzylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]naphthalen-1-one 유도체들을 합성했으며, 합성된 유도체들이 멜라닌 생성과정의 주요 효소인 tyrosinase 활성을 저해할 수 있는지에 대하여 확인하였다. 19종류의 유도체들의 tyrosinase 저해활성을 측정해본 결과, MHY3655 (IC50 = 0.1456 μM)가 가장 큰 저해활성을 나타냈으며 이는 대조군인 코직산(IC50 = 17.2 μM) 보다 큰 효능을 보였다. 게다가, Lineweaver-Burk 분석법을 이용하여 MHY3655가 경쟁적 저해 기전으로 tyrosinase 활성을 저해하였고, docking simulation으로 MHY3655가 tyrosinase에 직접 결합함을 재확인하였다. 마지막으로, B16F10 melanoma 세포에서 MHY3655의 세포독성을 평가한 결과 1-20 μM 사이의 MHY3655는 세포독성을 나타내지 않았다. 이상의 결과에서, 신물질 MHY3655은 우수한 tyrosinase 저해활성을 나타내며, 이는 미백 화장품 소재로서 활용할 가치가 있으리라 사료된다. The inhibition of tyrosinase, a key enzyme in mammalian melanin synthesis, plays an important role in preventing skin pigmentation and melanoma. Therefore, tyrosinase inhibitors are very important in the fields of medicine and cosmetics. However, only a few tyrosinase inhibitors are currently available because of their toxic effects on skin or lack of selectivity and stability. Therefore, we synthesized a novel series of (E)-2-(substituted benzylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]naphthalen-1-one derivatives and evaluated their inhibitory effects on mushroom tyrosinase, with the aim of discovering a novel tyrosinase inhibitor. Among 19 derivatives, MHY3655 (IC50 = 0.1456 μM) showed the strongest inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity compared to kojic acid (IC50 = 17.2 μM), a well-known tyrosinase inhibitor. In addition, MHY3655 showed competitive inhibition on Lineweaver-Burk plots. We confirmed that MHY3655 strongly interacts with mushroom tyrosinase residues through the docking simulation. Substitutions with a hydroxy group at both R2 and R4 in the phenyl ring indicated that these groups play a major role in the high binding affinity to tyrosinase. Further, MHY3655 did not show cytotoxicity at the concentrations tested in B16F10 melanoma cells. In conclusion, the novel compound MHY3655 potentially shows tyrosinase inhibitory activity, and it could be used as an ingredient in whitening cosmetics.

호로파와 야관문 복합추출물이 과산화수소로 산화적 스트레스가 가해진 TM3 세포의 테스토스테론 합성에 미치는 영향

이은경 ( Eun Kyoung Lee ),최수영 ( Soo Young Choe ),이경수 ( Kyeong Soo Lee ),서윤희 ( Yoonhee Seo ) 한국응용생명화학회(구 한국농화학회) 2016 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.59 No.4

본 연구는 야관문과 호로파 복합추출물인 YHM이 과산화수소 (H₂O₂)로 산화적스트레스를 가한 TM3 세포의 테스토스테론 발현에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 수행되었다. 세포독성 시험을 수행하여 YHM의 경우 40 μg/mL을 최고 농도로 중농도 20 μg/mL, 저농도 10 μg/mL 처리군을 설정하였고, TM3 세포에 산화적 스트레스를 주기 위해서는, serum free 배지에 50 μM의 과산화수소를 4시간 동안 처리하였다. 산화적 스트레스가 가해진 TM3 세포에 YHM 시료를 처리하여 세포 생존률에 미치는 영향을 평가하였을 때 모든 농도 처리군에서 세포증식이나 독성이 없었다. 테스토스테론은 과산화수소를 처리하였을 때 감소하였다가 YHM 시료를 처리하였을 때 control 수준으로 회복되거나, control 보다 더 증가하였다. 또한 시료에 의한 테스토스테론 양의 증가원인을 확인하기 위하여, 테스토스테론 합성 및 분해에 관여하는 효소들의 발현량을 ELISA와 Real-time PCR을 통해 알아보았다. 테스토스테론 합성에 관여하는 3β-HSD4와 17,20-desmorase는 과산화수소 처리 시 감소하였다가, YHM을 처리하였을 때는 control 수준으로 회복하였다. 테스토스테론을 estradiol 및 dihydrotestosterone로 변환시키는 aromatase와 5α-reductase2는 과산화수소를 처리하였을 때 증가하였다가 YHM 시료를 처리하면 control 수준이나 그 이하로 감소하였다. 이 결과들로 보았을 때 YHM 시료는 TM3 세포의 증식에는 영향을 미치지 못 하지만, 산화적 스트레스에 의해 감소된 테스토스테론 합성 효소의 발현을 증가시키고, 반대로 증가되는 테스토스테론 분해 효소의 발현은 감소시켜, 결국 산화적 스트레스에 의해 저하된 테스토스테론의 양을 회복시키거나 증가시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다. This study investigated the effects of a mixture of fenugreek seeds and Lespedeza cuneata extracts on testosterone synthesis in TM3 cells that were oxidatively stressed with H2O2. In order to oxidatively stress TM3 cells, the cells were treated with 50 μM hydrogen peroxide for 4 hr in serum-free media. Yagwanmun-horopa mixture (YHM) showed neither cytotoxicity nor increment of cell proliferation in the oxidatively stressed TM3 cells in any concentration. When the cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide, testosterone levels decreased, but the testosterone level was returned to that of the control level in the presence of YHM. In order to find out the reasons for the increase of testosterone, the expression of the genes involved in the synthesis or disintegration of testosterone. On the other hand, the levels of 3β-HSD4 and 17, 20-desmorase, which are involved in testosterone synthesis, were decreased through the use of hydrogen peroxide and were recovered through YHM treatment. Aromatase and 5α-reductase2, which convert testosterone to estradiol and dihydrotestosterone, respectively, were increased through the use of hydrogen peroxide, and were returned to control level through YHM treatment. These results suggest that YHM does not affect TM3 cell proliferation. However, YHM increases the expression of testosterone-synthesizing enzyme, which was decreased through oxidative stress, and decreases the expression of testosterone- converting enzyme, which was increased through oxidative stress. Therefore, it is reasonable that YHM has strong recovery activity on testosterone to normal level, even in the oxidatively stressed TM3 cells which mimics the andropause state.

중고령자의 건강이 노동시장 참여에 미치는 영향

이은경 ( Eun Kyeong Lee ) 한국사회보장학회 2014 사회보장연구 Vol.30 No.3

본 연구는 고령자패널 3차 및 4차 자료를 이용하여 중고령자(50~64세)의 건강수준이노동참여에 미치는 영향을 실증분석 하였다. 주요 설명변수는 주관적 건강상태, ADL, IADL, 만성질환 수이고, 종속변수는 중고령자의 경제활동 참여여부이다. 주요 추정방식은 프로빗과 IV 프로빗 모형이나, 도구변수의 적절성을 테스트 하기 위해 OLS와 2SLS 방식을 병행하였다. 프로빗 모형의 추정 결과, 주관적 건강상태가 좋음 혹은 매우좋음으로 응답한 중고령자는 노동시장에 참여 확률이 약 7% 높았다. 악력지수와 정상체중 여부를 도구변수로 사용하여 주관적 건강상태의 내생성을 교정한 IV 프로빗 모형에서는, 건강상태가 좋을수록 노동시장에 참여할 확률이 51%까지 증가하였다. 실증분석 결과를 종합해보면, 소득이나 자산효과보다도 중고령자의 건강상태가 노동시장 참여여부를 결정하는데 큰 영향을 미치며, 다양한 건강지표들을 통해 중고령자의 건강수준 악화가 노동공급을 위축시킴을 확인하였다. 또한 중고령자의 성별, 직업의 종류, 자산 규모, 재취업 효과 등을 고려한 강건성 테스트를 시행한 결과, 추정결과에 일관성이 있음을 입증하였다. Using the 3rd and 4th waves of the KLoSA (Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing), this paperempirically examines the impact of health on labor force participation among adults aged 50 to 64. The main independent variables include self-assessed health, ADL, IADL, and number of chronicdiseases, while the dependent variable is an indicator that denotes whether a person is currently working or not. We find that improved health of older workers (50~64 years old) does increase their labor force participation by 7% in probit models, and 51% in IV probit models. Endogeneity of the self-assessed health measure is corrected by using two instrument variables (grip strength and BMI). Several robustness tests are conducted, which examine potential confounding effects of gender, occupation, wealth, and re-employment. The main results are consistent after considering these various factors. Also, our findings suggest that health conditions, rather than wealth or income, have more significant impacts on the labor force participation decision among older Koreans.

L2 Acquisition of English (Un)likes Coordination

이은경 ( Eun Kyeong Lee ) 대한영어영문학회 2015 영어영문학연구 Vol.41 No.3

This study explores Korean learners' acquisition pattern on English (Un)likes Coordination learning: there are three items such as identical Likes(IL), C-selected Likes(CL) and pragmatic Likes(PL) based on the situational occasions. After giving the students twenty-one samples applicable to three items in advance, this paper conducted the survey to catch how much Korean learners understand coordination's identity and in what field they recognize the real challenge. The results are as follows; first, in terms of IL, it seems that the subjects show the relatively high acquisition compared to the two other items, secondly, CL notes that they have trouble distinguishing each verbs' property and as the last item, PL raised L2 learners' realization sharply by pairing semantic and nonsemantics. Besides, to see the distribution of coordination (Un)likes in textbooks, this paper analyzed two high school English textbooks and a Toeic book, which verifies that severe unbalance between Likes and Unlikes coordination influences L2 English learners' incomplete development process. (Jeonju University)

Effectiveness of Story Grammar Training in Nurturing Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies

Eun Kyeong Lee(이은경) 언어과학회 2020 언어과학연구 Vol.0 No.93

This study investigated the effectiveness of Story Grammar instruction in enhancing EFL college students" metacognitive awareness of reading strategies. 64 participants took part in the study: 32 students were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups respectively. Although Story Grammar training was given to the experimental group, the control group was taught using regular reading classes without Story Grammar. After treatment of 12 weeks, in general, the results showed that while no significant difference was detected at the higher level of English proficiency, there was statistically significant difference in the overall use of post strategies between the two experimental and control groups at the lower proficiency level.