효소처리 스테비아를 전처리한 동결건조 사과의 품질특성

이동한 ( Dong-han Lee ),이정재 ( Jung-jae Lee ),김동규 ( Dong-kyu Kim ),김강민 ( Kang-min Kim ),한솔 ( Sol Han ),이동일 ( Dong-il Lee ),이훈수 ( Hoon-su Lee ),이정현 ( Jung-hyun Lee ) 한국농업기계학회 2023 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.28 No.2

최근 국내에서 건조과일의 수요가 증가하고 있다. 또한 건강에 대한 관심이 꾸준히 증대되고 있어 대체당을 이용하여 과일의 당도를 높이지만 체내에는 흡수되지 않아 맛과 건강을 챙길 수 있는 기술에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 효소처리 스테비아는 최근 주목받고 있는 대체당 중 하나로 스테비아 추출물에 α-글루코실전이효소 등을 이용하여 글루코스를 부가시켜 제작된다. 효소처리 스테비아도 다른 대체당과 마찬가지로 단맛을 내지만 체내에 흡수되지 않고 배출되기 때문에 저칼로리 식품에 많이 사용되고 있다. 그러므로 효소처리 스테비아를 이용한 건조 사과의 제작에 대해 실험하여 사과의 갈변현상을 방지하고 당도를 높여 향상된 품질의 건조 사과를 제조할 수 있는 기술로서의 검토가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 효소처리 스테비아를 사과에 침지 전처리하고, 동결 건조하여 건조 품질특성을 확인하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 건조시료로서 한 변이 15mm인 정육면체 형태로 절단된 사과를 스테비아 20g, 60g, 100g을 각각 증류수 200ml와 혼합한 10%, 30%, 50%의 희석액에 2시간 동안 침지하였으며 침지한 시료를 21시간 동안 동결건조하여 침지용액의 농도에 따른 시료의 당도, 색도, 중량의 차이를 확인하였다. 당도는 증류수 40ml에 시료 20g을 넣고 80,000RPM으로 혼합한 뒤 당도측정계(PAL-1)을 이용하여 측정하였으며 색도는 색도계(CM-2600d)를 이용하여 시료 3면의 L, a, b 값을 측정하였다. 실험 결과 효소처리 스테비아 용액에 사과를 침지한 후 건조를 하였을 때 전처리 없이 건조한 사과보다 갈변현상이 적게 발생하였고 당도도 증가한 결과를 보였다. 또한, 효소처리 스테비아 용액의 농도가 높을수록 중량, 당도, 색도의 L 값이 증가하였고 색도의 a 값이 감소하였다. 따라서 건조 사과를 제조할 때 효소처리 스테비아 전처리하는 과정을 거친다면 갈변현상은 감소시키고 당도를 증가시킨 건조 사과를 제조할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

붕소- 중성자 포획치료를 위한 미세 속중성자 선량 특성 연구

이동한(Dong Han Lee),지영훈(Young Hoon Ji),이동훈(Dong Hoon Lee),박현주(Hyun Joo Park),이석(Suk Lee),이경후(Kyung Hoo Lee),서소희(So Heigh Suh),김미숙(Mi Sook Kim),조철구(Chul Koo Cho),류성렬(Seong Yul Yoo),유형준(Hyung Jun Yu),곽호신( 대한방사선종양학회 2001 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.19 No.1

목 적 :붕소-중성자 포획치료법(Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, BNCT)을 위해 원자력병원 싸이클로트론에서 발생되는 최대에너지 34.4 MeV의 속중성자(Fast neutron)를 70 cm 파라핀으로 감속시킨 후 선량 특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과를 토대로 열외중성자(Epithermal neutron) 선량 측정법에 대한 프로토콜을 확립하여 원자로에서 방출되는 열외중성자 선량 특성 평가의 기초를 삼고, 가속기를 이용한 BNCT 연구에 대한 타당성 여부를 조사하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 :공기 중 선량 및 물질 내 선량 분포 측정을 위해 Unidos 10005 (PTW, Germany) 전기계와 조직 등가 물질인 A- 150 플라스틱으로 제작된 IC- 17 (Far West, USA) 및 IC- 18, EIC- 1 이온함을 사용하였고, 감마선의 측정을 위해서는 마그네슘으로 제작된 IC- 17M이온함을 이용하였으며 조직등가 기체와 아르곤 기체를 분당 5 cc 씩 주입하며 측정하였다. 중성자, 광자, 전자가 혼합된 장의 모의 수송 해석을 위해 이용되는 Monte Carlo N- Particle (MCNP) transport code를 사용하여 2차원적 선량 분포 및 에너지 분포를 계산하였으며 이 결과를 측정값과 비교하였다. 결 과 :BNCT에서의 유효 치료 깊이인 물 팬텀 4 cm에서의 선량은 치료기 1 MU 당 6.47×10- 3 cGy로 미세하였으며, 이때 감마 오염도(contamination)는 65.2±0.9%로 중성자보다는 감마선에 의한 선량 기여분이 우세하였다. 깊이에 따른 선량 분포 특성에서는 중성자 선량은 선형적으로 감쇠 되었고, 감마선량은 지수적으로 보다 급격히 감쇠되는 경향을 보였으며 전체 선량의 D20/D10은 0.718 이었다. MCNP에 의한 에너지 분포 전산 계산의 결과 2.87 MeV 이하에서 중성자 피크가 나타났으며, 저에너지 영역에서는 감마선이 연속적으로 분포되는 양상을 보였다. 결 론 :벽 물질이 서로 다른 두 개의 이온함을 사용한 직접 선량 측정과 MCNP 전산 시뮬레이션을 이용한 공간선량분포 계산으로 미세 속중성자 빔에 대한 선량 특성을 파악할 수 있었으며, 원자로 열외중성자 주(Epithermal neutron column)에 대한 선량 평가 자료로 확보하였다. 아울러 가속기에 대한 연구가 진행되어 고전압, 고전류를 발생시키는 전원 공급장치와 표적핵(Target) 물질이 개발되고 비스무스나 납 등에 의해 감마 오염도를 줄일 경우, 싸이크로트론에 의한 보론-중성자 포획치료도 가능해질 것으로 판단된다. Purpose : For the research of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT), fast neutrons generated from the MC- 50 cyclotron with maximum energy of 34.4 MeV in Korea Cancer Center Hospital were moderated by 70 cm paraffin and then the dose characteristics were investigated. Using these results, we hope to establish the protocol about dose measurement of epi- thermal neutron, to make a basis of dose characteristic of epi- thermal neutron emitted from nuclea r reactor, and to find feasibility about accelerator- based BNCT. Method and Materials : For measuring the absorbed dose and dose distribution of fast neutron beams, we used Unidos 10005 (PTW, Germany) electrometer and IC- 17 (Far West, USA), IC- 18, EIC- 1 ion chambers manufactured by A- 150 plastic and used IC- 17M ion chamber manufactured by magnesium for gamma dose. There chambers were flushed with tissue equivalent gas and argon gas and then the flow rate was 5 cc per minute. Using Monte Carlo N- Pa rticle (MCNP) code, transport program in mixed field with neutron, photon, electron, two dimensional dose and energy fluence distribution was calculated and there results were compa red with measured results. Results :The absorbed dose of fast neutron beams was 6.47×10- 3 cGy per 1 MU at the 4 cm depth of the water phantom, which is assumed to be effective depth for BNCT. The magnitude of gamma contamination intermingled with fast neutron beams was 65.2±0.9% at the same depth. In the dose distribution according to the depth of water, the neutron dose decreased linearly and the gamma dose decreased exponentially as the depth was deepened. The factor expressed energy level, D20/D10 , of the total dose was 0.718. Conclusion :Through the direct measurement using the two ion chambers, which is made different wall materials, and computer calculation of isodose distribution using MCNP simulation method, we have found the dose characteristics of low fluence fast neutron beams. If the power supply and the target material, which generate high voltage and current, will be developed and gamma contamination was reduced by lead or bismuth, we think, it may be possible to accelerator- based BNCT.

볼바 시스템을 이용한 공작기계의 측정 좌표계 분석

이동목(Dong-Mok Lee),차영택(Young-Taek Cha),양승한(Seung-Han Yang) 한국기계가공학회 2008 한국기계가공학회 춘추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

The double ball-bar system is widely used to assess the performance of machine tools because of easy setup, low cost and fast measurement. Due to the volumetric error of machine tools, tool cannot be moved exactly to the desired position during circular test. Moreover, despite a careful setup, there remains some slight eccentricity of the balls relative to the circular trajectory. Thus the double ball bar cannot be coincided with nominal position of centers of balls. and the position and orientation of a measurement coordinate system are not same that of nominal coordinate system. This paper clarifies the relation between nominal and measurement coordinate system. After identifying and assessing the geometric error using the solution of ball-bar equation with least squares, the eccentricity and radius of measured circular trajectory based on measurement coordinate system are calculated.

지역사회 고혈압 환자에서 고혈압 조절 및 항고혈압제 복용에 관련된 요인

이동한,최연희,이강희,강대룡,지선하,남정모,서일,Lee, Dong-Han,Choi, Youn-Hee,Lee, Kang-Hee,Kang, Dae-Ryong,Jee, Sun-Ha,Nam, Chung-Mo,Suh, Il 대한예방의학회 2003 예방의학회지 Vol.36 No.3

Objectives : The main objectives of this study are to identify the factors associated with hypertension control and to determine the influencing factors associated with antihypertensive therapy. Methods : The study was conducted on 107 subjects who participated in the 1999 and 2002 Gwacheon Study and who had had uncontrolled hypertension (systolic$\geq$140 or diastolic$\geq$ 90mmHg) in 1999, We compared the characteristics of the controlled and uncontrolled hypertensive group and investigated the characteristics of those taking antihypertensive medication. Univariate associations between hypertension control and its characteristics and the association between antihypertension treatment and its characteristics were tested with $x^2$-test. We also peformed logistic regression analysis. Results : The participants who had their blood pressure checked within 6 months before their first measurement and those who had taken the antihypertensive medication showed significantly better hypertension control during the follow-up. The multivariate analysis showed that baseline antihypertensive therapy was the most important determinant factor of hypertension control during the follow-up. Socioeconomic level and life style did not affect hypertension control when controlled by the treatment variable in this study. The factors associated with antihypertensive therapy at follow-up were previous antihypertensive therapy, old age, and high educational level. Conclusions : Those who received antihypertensive therapy and those who had their blood pressure re-checked within 6 months both showed well controlled hypertension. The subjects with high educational level complied well with the antihypertensive regimen, but those in their forties did not.

동해남부 대마난류계에서의 염소화 Biphenyls 의 분포특성

이동인(Dong In Lee),옥곤(Gon Ok),양한섭(Han Seob Yang),장윤석(Yoon Seok Chang) 한국수산과학회 1997 한국수산과학회지 Vol.30 No.4

In order to investigate the distribution characteristics of polychlorinated Biphenyls(PCBs) at the southern of Korean East Sea, vertical measurements of temperature, salinity, DO and PCBs were performed by each depth of 5 stations during August-October 1996. Thermocline and salinocline were generally existed at depth of 30m and wafer mass current of midwater in the southern of Korean East Sea was distributed below 30m depth. The distribution of surface water mass in this area was extended to Tsusima area from the southern offshore of the Korean East Sea. In August 1996, concentration range of PCBs had 0.22-0.36ng/ℓ at surface layer and their concentrations at near Tsusima offshore were relatively decreased. Total mean concentration of PCBs was 0.29ng/ℓ in the sea surface and 0.31ng/ℓ in the middle layer. PCBs seemed to correlate well with suspended particles. And vertical and horizontal distribution of their concentrations showed comparatively uniform pattern. Relatively high compositional ratio of Di- and Tri-PCBs could be found at the sea surface, while compositional ratio of Penta-PCBs dominates over other congener at deep layer.

Flipped Learning을 통한 영화 활용 영어 수업 모형 개발 방안 연구

이동한 ( Dong Han Lee ) 한국중등영어교육학회 2016 중등영어교육 Vol.9 No.1

A rising teaching and learning method, Flipped Learning, has recently received a lot of attention in the various fields of school classroom environments. The application of Flipped Learning in the classroom has shown to have a positive educational effect on a variety of areas such as academic achievement, attitude, collaborative learning, and self-directed learning. However, a variety of limitations of applying Flipped Learning in school environments, especially in English classroom environments, has also been the topic of much discussion. As a way of resolving the limitations of applying Flipped Learning to English teaching, it is suggested that a combination of Movie and Flipped Learning be introduced into English lessons. The purpose of this study is to develop an English class model that uses movies through Flipped Learning. To do this, English class modules are introduced by blending movie-watching methods and Flipped Learning class procedures. Three steps of English class procedures are provided: the pre class, the in class, and the post class. Moreover, the in class procedure is divided into three stages that include the opening, central, and closing stages. In each stage, the contents of class activities and interactions between teacher-student and student-student are presented as class modules.

시간-비용 최적관계 분석용 정확해 추정기법

이동은,곽한성,이창용,Lee, Dong-Eun,Gwak, Han-Seong,Yi, Chang-Yong 大韓建築學會 2015 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.31 No.2

This paper presents a computational method that computes exact solution for activity overlapping involved in project time-cost tradeoff analysis. The method introduces a concept of rework cost-slope and identifies optimal overlap rate between preceding and succeeding critical activities. The mathematical concepts relative to the exact method are clearly defined and the procedures to formulate the variables are explained in detail. The method identifies the activities and their exact overlapping rates to meet a job site specific needs exactly. It maximizes usability of schedule data obtained from commercial CPM softwares(e.g., P3, SureTrak). Decision makers(i.e., project manager etc.) may make the appropriate decision in accordance with the site-specific conditions involved in the overlapping rates among critical activities. Case studies verify the usability and the validity of the system.

소아에서 발생한 S상 결장 염전증 1예

이동한,위주희,박현석,김해영,박재홍,Lee, Dong-Han,We, Ju-Hee,Park, Hyun-Seok,Kim, Hae-Young,Park, Jae-Hong 대한소아소화기영양학회 2010 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.13 No.2

본 증례는 1년 전부터 갑작스럽게 복부팽만과 복통이 반복하다 내원 10일 전부터 심한 복통과 복부팽만, 구토가 발생하여 내원한 9세 남자 환자이다. 복부 X-선 촬영과 바륨 관장 등의 검사로 S상 결장 염전증을 진단하고 내시경적 염전 정복과 감압술 시도하였으나 실패하였다. 수술 시야에서 심하게 확장되고 비정상적으로 긴 S상 결장과 굵은 혈관이 포함된 결장간막이 관찰되었고 S상 결장의 원위부 및 근위부에서 좁아진 부위를 확인하여 이 부분을 포함한 S상 결장 절제술을 시행하였다. 이후 환자는 5년 동안의 추적관찰에서 증상의 재발이 없었다. Sigmoid volvulus may cause acute or subacute colonic obstruction. Excessive length of the sigmoid colon may be a contributing factor. Typically, the patient develops bilious vomiting and marked gaseous abdominal distension. We report a case of sigmoid volvulus in a 9-year-old boy who presented with recurrent, sudden onset abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and vomiting for 1 year, which was diagnosed by simple abdominal X-ray, barium enema, computed tomography, and colonoscopic examination. Colonoscopic reduction failed and a sigmoid colectomy with primary repair was performed. The intra-operative findings showed that the sigmoid colon was noted to be dilated, and redundant with a lax mesentery. Two clear areas of compression (proximal and distal) were present. After sigmoidectomy, the symptoms resolved. After 5 years of follow-up, he had no new symptoms.

정부의 신종인플루엔자 A(H1N1) 대응

이동한,신상숙,전병율,이종구,Lee, Dong-Han,Shin, Sang-Sook,Jun, Byung-Yool,Lee, Jong-Koo 대한예방의학회 2010 예방의학회지 Vol.43 No.2

The World Health Organization (WHO) announced the emergence of a novel influenza on April 24, 2009, and they declared pandemic on June 11. In Korea, the proportion of influenza-like illness and the consumption of antiviral agents peaked in early November. The government established the Central Headquarters for Influenza Control and operated the emergency response system. In the quarantine stations, we checked the body temperature and collected quarantine questionnaires from all the arrivals from infected countries. We also isolated the confirmed cases in the national isolation hospitals. However, as the community outbreaks were reported, we changed strategy from containment to mitigation. We changed the antiviral agent prescription guideline so that doctors could prescribe antiviral agents to all patients with acute febrile respiratory illness, without a laboratory diagnosis. Also the 470 designated hospitals were activated to enhance the efficacy of treatment. We vaccinated about 12 million people and manage the adverse event following the immunization management system. In 2010, we will establish additional national isolation wards and support hospitals to establish fever clinics and isolation intensive care unit (ICU) beds. We will also make a computer program for managing the national isolation hospitals and designated hospitals. We will establish isolation rooms and expand the laboratory in quarantine stations and we will construct a bio-safety level 3 laboratory in each province. In addition, we plan to construct a bio-safety level 4 laboratory at a new Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) facilities in Ossong.

WLAN 실내 위치인식 시스템에서 효율적인 RP의 분배방법과 활용법에 관한 연구

이동한(Dong-Han Lee),정연근(Yeon-Keun Jung),백광렬(Kwang Ryul Baek) 제어로봇시스템학회 2017 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.23 No.6

Recently, as the wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) environment has expanded, various studies on wireless local area network (WLAN) indoor localization using Wi-Fi signal strength have been actively conducted. Of the various methods, the fingerprinting method is widely used because of its high accuracy. However, in a larger measurement space, the number of reference points (RPs) increases exponentially, which increases the computation, time, and effort required for measurement. Thus, the number of RPs has to be limited. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that can assign the position for a limited number of RPs more precisely by combining the advantages of the fingerprinting algorithm and the signal strength prediction model. In the process, clusters are formed for model parameter calibration and area detection. We also propose a new RP distribution method suitable for the algorithm. After RP distribution, we modify the model parameters appropriate for the environment by using the data measured by the corresponding RPs. Then, the final position is estimated using both the signal intensity data measured from the RPs and the value predicted through the signal intensity model. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is more accurate than the existing fingerprinting method or only model-based estimation.