GEANT4 Medical Linac2 예제를 이용한 6 MV 선형가속기 광자선속의 기초특성과 연구방법

김병용,김형동,김성진,오세안,강정구,김성규,Kim, Byung-Yong,Kim, Hyung-Dong,Kim, Sung-Jin,Oh, Se-An,Kang, Jung-Gu,Kim, Sung-Kyu 한국의학물리학회 2011 의학물리 Vol.22 No.2

본 연구에서는 GEANT4 toolkit을 이용하여 의료용 선형가속기에 대한 몬테칼로(Monte Carlo) 전산모사를 하였다. Medical Linac2 예제를 수정해서 사용하였다. 에너지스펙트럼, 최빈에너지, 평균에너지를 EGS4 결과와 비교 하였고 선속의 중심에서부터 반경에 따른 단위면적당 광자수, 단위면적당 에너지, 평균에너지를 분석하였다. 그 결과 EGS4 결과와 큰 차이를 보이지 않기 때문에 Medical Linac2 예제의 선속특성에 관한 전산모사에 큰 문제점은 없는 것으로 판단된다. 같은 헤드구조에서도 Physics List의 모델에 따라서는 결과에 차이가 발생하므로 연구 환경에 알맞은 Physics List 모델을 선택하는 것이 중요하다고 판단된다. 본 연구는 처음 몬테칼로 전산모사를 접하는 사용자가 선속특성에 대한 전산모사를 수행하고 6 MV 광자선속의 특성을 분석하는 과정에 많은 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다. In this study, Geant4 based Monte Carlo simulations were carried out for medical linear accelerator. Modified Medical Linac2 toolkit was used for calculation. The energy spectrum, most probable energy and the photon mean energy compared with the published results using the EGS4 code. The results well agreed with published results. The calculated results of photon fluence, energy fluence and mean energy according to the radius from the centre of the beam were analyzed. Monte Carlo simulation using Medical Linac2 code is considered to be useful for analysis of medical linear accelerator. Because the calculated results varies depending on Physics List model for same head structure. It it important to choose the right model for research purpose. Monte Carlo simulation using GEANT4 Medical Linac2 is a valuable for any novice to adopt this code to the study related to 6 MV photon fluence from medical linear accelerator.

119구급대 응급구조사에 대한 법의학교육의 필요성

김병용,이상한,Kim, Byung-Yong,Lee, Sang-Han 대한수사과학회 2007 대한수사과학회지 Vol.2 No.2

사건 사고현장에서 가장 먼저 접근하는 초동조치 활동은 원인을 규명하는데 결정적인 역할을 한다. 법의학적 지식이 부족한 자가 최초현장에 접근하여 결정적인 사건해결 증거를 멸실케 한다면 억울한 죽음은 물론이고 무고한 혐의자를 발생시키며 유사범죄의 발생을 막을 수 없을 것이다. 본 연구는 119구급대 응급구조사에 대한 법의학교육의 필요성을 제시하고자 전국 대학(교) 응급구조학과 및 2급 양성기관의 법의학교육 실태분석을 위한 조사를 시행하였으며, 119구급대원 중 1 2급 응급구조사 307명(1급 43%, 2급 57%)을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 업무 중 범죄와 관련된 경험 94.8%, 죽음(변사체)의 경험이 91.9%였고, 이러한 현장에 92.8%가 경찰보다 먼저 현장에 도착하였다. 응답자의 72%는 법의학지식이 부족하여 업무 중에 어려움을 겪은 경험이 있었고, 수사경찰관과 문제, 법적증언, 유가족과의 문제 등을 경험하였다. 90.9%는 응급구조사의 업무수행에 법의학관련 지식이 도움이 된다고 긍정적으로 밝혔으며, 법의학교수에 의해 정기적인 교육을 희망하고 있었다. 응급구조사들의 법의학적 검시관련 지식을 알아보기 위해 국가 및 지방자치단체가 억울한 죽음이 없도록 감시하고, 정책적 차원에서 법의학적인 검시가 필요한 것에 대한 질문에 1급 2급 응급구조사 두 군 모두 20개 항목 중 각각 8.86개와 7.99개만 인식하고 있어, 법의학교육이 절실히 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 법의학은 응급구조사에게 단순히 범죄와 관련된 상황에서만 필요한 것이 아니라 각종 대량재해 교통사고 보험관련 사고 산업재해 등의 죽음과 관련된 법률적 문제를 해결하는 데에도 연관되어 있다. 신고체계가 다원화 되어 있는 우리나라 현실에서 119구급대의 응급구조사들은 의학적 판단에 기초한 신속하고 정확한 응급처치와 더불어 현장을 보존하고 결정적 사건해결의 물적 증거 보존을 위한 법의학적 지식을 가지기 위해서는 체계적인 법의학교육이 시행되어져야 할 것이다. An Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) is a well-trained emergency responder to provide emergency medical services to the critically ill and injured patient. In various situations, EMT may destroy potential physical evidences associated with the crime scene or determination of real cause of death. This study was aimed to evaluate the educational need of forensic medicine in Korean EMT. Questionnaires were administered to 592 EMTs during March 2007. The response rate was 60.3%(357 EMTs). In questionnaires there were 13 questions regarding the general characteristics, 16 questions about roles of EMTs related with forensic circumstances, 9 questions about the education related to forensic medicine. Questionnaires rated on a 4-point Likert scale or 5-point Likert scale. Most of 119 rescue EMTs had experienced with situations related to crime or unexpected sudden death. EMTs had arrived to the scenes earlier than police and complained of some difficulties related with deficit of forensic knowledge. EMTs wanted to receive continuous educations about forensic medicine. In order to reduce dissatisfaction with EMTs roles and to improve crime scene preservations, Emergency Medical Services policies should provide regular educational curriculum by forensic pathologists and promote legal responsibilities for 119 rescue EMTs.

건설사업관리자 관점에서의 주요 사업비 초과 리스크 요인 분석 -시공 전(前)단계를 중심으로-

김병용,김예상,Kim, Byung-Yong,Kim, Yea-Sang 한국건설관리학회 2012 한국건설관리학회 논문집 Vol.13 No.2

최근 들어 많은 건설 프로젝트들이 대규모의 자본과 인력, 자원이 투입되고, 선진 건설사업관리 기법들이 도입되고 있지만, 사업비를 초과하는 사례가 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 이는 여전히 사업비 관리가 제대로 이루어지고 있지 않고 있다는 것과 사업비 관리 업무에 내재된 많은 리스크들이 관리가 되지 않고 있다는 것이라고 설명할 수 있다. 따라서 사업비 초과를 방지하고, 프로젝트의 성공을 거두기 위해서는 사업비관리와 관련된 리스크 요인을 발굴하고, 분석하는 것이 매우 중요할 것이다. 이와 같은 관점에서 본 연구는 건설프로젝트 전 단계에 걸쳐 참여를 하고, 사업비 관리 업무를 수행하고 있는 건설사업관리자의 관점에서 시공 전(前)단계의 사업비관리 업무에 내재된 리스크 요인을 도출하고, 그 요인들이 사업비 초과에 얼마나 영향을 미치는지를 FMEA 기법을 통해서 분석하였다. Recently, various construction projects are invested with plenty capital, manpower and resources. The advanced methods of the construction management is introduced to Korea. However, the cases which get involved in excessive cost frequently occur. We can explain it means that the cost management in the entire phases and the risk factors in its works has not been done yet as expected. Thus, it is necessary to unearth risk factors relative to cost management and analyse them for preventing cost-increasing and the success of projects. In this point of view, this study aims to identify the risk factors of the cost management focused on pre-construction stages from the perspective of construction management which is possible to take part in the whole phases and works in cost management. Also, the impact priority and grade of risk factors to cost-increasing are evaluated by using FMEA.

중세 말엽 유럽의 흑사병과 사회적 변화

김병용 ( Byung Yong Kim ) 대구사학회 2007 대구사학 Vol.88 No.-

백작, 교회, 도시민: 클레베(Kleve) 대성당(Collegiate-Church) 성직록을 중심으로

김병용 ( Byung Yong Kim ) 한국서양중세사학회 2013 西洋中世史硏究 Vol.0 No.31

In the High Middle Ages developed many cities trying to have their own parish church. But it was not easy, that a medieval city church founds an independent parish. For this, the city has mainly to be able to have to cope financially with the parish. The count intended to found a collegiate church at first in Monterberg and then to transfer to Kleve. After transferring the collegiate church should also play the role as the parish church. So this Study investigates the transfer of the collegiate church from Monterberg to Kleve, which consists of 13 praebendae. Above all we will deal with the question of why the count had to transfer the collegeate church. This may be seen one, that the count has carried out the transfer of the economic reasons. So he needed the economic power of citizens of Kleve. Besides, he wanted to a magnificent church as the cemetery seat for himself and his descendants. In order to realize his dream like this, he had to solve two problems. First, he had to handle the conflict with the archbishop of Cologne arising from the legal issues. Second, he has tried to harmonize with the citizens who dreamed upward mobility through economic power. All of this depended on the diplomatic ability of the count. This study therefore shows how the relationships between count, archbishop and citizens developed so that the collegiate church arises.

n-Capric Acid 또는 n-Capric Acid Methyl Ester 첨가와 저장온도에 따른 김치의 발효특성

김병용(Byung Yong Kim),김명환(Myung Hwan Kim),안태영(Tae Young Ahn) 한국응용생명화학회 1999 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.42 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of n-capric acid(CA) or n-capric acid methyl ester (CE) addition during salting process, and fermentation temperature on chemical and microbial changes of Kimchi. The pHs of control, CA and CE were 3.78, 4.28 and 4.35 after 6 days of storage at 20℃ and were 3.85, 5.14 and 5.10 after 42 days of storage at 4℃, respectively. The effects of CA or CE addition at 4℃ were higher than those at 20℃. The maximum edible acidity, 0.75%, was reached within 3 days at 20℃, 15 days at 12℃, and the acidity of 42 days at 4℃ was 0.62% which was still lower value than the maximum edible acidity. Total bacteria, Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus and yeast counts of the control were higher value than those of the treatments throught the whole fermentation period. The addition of CE at 4℃ had much affected the reduction of yeast count. As microbial counts and reduction rates of control and treated Kimchi increased with increasing the storage temperature.

논문 : 독일 중세 도시민 교육의 전개과정과 사회변화

김병용 ( Byung-yong Kim ) 역사교육학회 2016 역사교육논집 Vol.58 No.-

It is a study on the relation between medieval city and civiceducation, especially in late medieval Germany. This study shows the continuity and change in medieval education and the conflict between church and city. New urban schools tried to cater to the needs of an increasingly powerful merchant elite who was able to build the municipal council. Local officials of many cities established new schools for their members. The broader educational needs of their surrounding communities were served peacefully in some cases of new schools, especially in elementary schools. On the other hand, the confrontation between church and city in middle and high schools arose stronger than in elementary schools. As a result, while church exercised rights to recruit qualified masters and to operate middle and high schools by the end of the Middle Ages, city could exercise both rights in terms of elementary schools since the 13th century. Elementary schools provided education of german vernacular languages which contributed to flourishing the religious movement from the 12th to 15th century. Finally, this movement led to the Reformation.

인삼 뿌리썩음병에 길항력이 있는 Bacillus 균의 분리 동정 및 특성 조사

김병용(Byung-Yong Kim),안재형(Jae-Hyung Ahn),원항연(Hang-Yeon Weon),송재경(Jaekyeong Song),김성일(Sung-Il Kim),김완규(Wan-Gyu Kim) 한국농약과학회 2012 농약과학회지 Vol.16 No.4

중세 식민도시 브란덴부르크의 형성과 자치권 투쟁

김병용(Byung-Yong Kim) 한국독일사학회 2010 독일연구 Vol.- No.19

Brandenburg an der Havel ist ein sehr interessantes Beispiel fur die Entstehung und kommenale Entwicklung der mittelalterlichen Stadt. Diese Stadt entwickelte sich aus 3 zentralen Orten: 1. Dominsel, wo die zentrale Burg der slawischen Heveller lag und 928/29 vom Konig Heinrich Ⅰ. erobert wurde und ab 965 das Domstift und der Dom errichtet wurde, 2. Parduin, wo es eine alte Kaufmannssiedlung mit der St.-Gotthardt-Kirche gab und aus dem sich die Altstadt Brandenburg entwickelte, 3. ein deutsches Dorf(Stutzdort), wo sich der markgrafliche Grundbesitz befand und daraus sich die Neustadt entwickelte. So zeigt der Artikel, wie sich die jeweilige Ortschaft entfaltete und unter welchen Beziehungen sie miteinander standen. Fur die Herrschaft um die 3 zentralen Orten konkurrierten sich 3 Personen: 1. Markgraf, 2. Bischof, 3. Burggraf, durch deren Konstellation wurde die Stadtentwicklung gefordert. Die stadtischen Burger bildeten sich aus den Privilegien insbesondere von Markgrafen aus und versuchten die stadtische Regierung selbst zu ubernehmen. Sie entwickelten die Stadtverwaltung, die sie im Vergleich zur Ausubung der Gerichtsbarkeit durch den herrschaftlichen Richter eigentlich durch die burgerlichen Schulzen und Schoppen durchgefuhrt haben. Etwa seit 1230 lagen die Obergerichte in der Hand burgerlicher Schulzen und Schoppen. Es ist also hier zu recherchieren, in welchem Zusammenhang die stadtische Freiheitsbewegung zur stadtischen Herrschaft stand und inwieweit sie verwirklicht wurde.

천음속 날개골에 작용되는 항력을 다공질을 이용하여 수동적으로 감소시키는 방법에 관한 연구

김병용(Byung-Yong Kim) 한국항공우주학회 1992 韓國航空宇宙學會誌 Vol.20 No.3