리눅스 클러스터를 이용한 비행환경 다중모니터 병렬 그래픽 처리

김병수,김기영,Kim, Byoung-Soo,Kim, Ki-Young 한국군사과학기술학회 2006 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.9 No.3

In this paper, our research efforts and activities for displaying flight simulation graphics on multi-monitors connected to a Linux cluster is introduced. In this pilot system graphics rendering as well as view calculation including LOD implementation for each monitor is peformed on each sub-node computer connected to the monitor rather than using an expensive main server. The Linux cluster is constructed by combining general-purpose desktop computers, and MPI library Is used for communication between sub-nodes. It could be concluded from our experience that it is possible to construct a massive multi-monitor display system by adding to the cluster as many sub-node computers and monitors as possible with economic efficiency.

충격성 잡음에서 최적 갈퀴수신기와 준최적 갈퀴수신기의 성능

김병수,최상원,권형문,배진수,송익호,Kim, Byoung-Soo,Choi, Sang-Won,Kwon, Hyoung-Moon,Bae, Jin-Soo,Song, Iick-Ho 한국통신학회 2005 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.30 No.9C

이 논문에서는 충격성 잡음 감쇄 채널에서 가장 비슷함을 바탕으로 최적 갈퀴수신기를 이끌어 내고, 얼개가 간단한 준최적 갈퀴수신기를 얻는다. 잡음이 충격성이면 충격성 환경을 고려한 갈퀴수신기가 정규 잡음에 최적화된 갈퀴수실기보다 성능이 좋다는 것을 모의실험으로 보인다. 또한, 갈퀴수신기의 가락 수가 늘어날수록, 충격성 환경에 알맞게 만든 갈퀴수신기는 성능이 나아지지만, 정규 잡음에 최적화된 갈퀴수신기는 충격성 환경에서 성능이 떨어짐을 보인다. In this paper, the optimum maximum-likelihood rake receiver for impulsive, fading channel is derived, and a sub-optimun rake receiver with reduced complexity is obtained for practical purposes. Numerical results show that, when the noise is impulsive, the rake receivers designed for impulsive noise offer performance improvement over those optimized for Gaussian environment. It is also observed that, as the number of fingers increases, the performance of the rake receivers designed for impulsive environment improves while the rake receiver optimized for Gaussian environment experiences performance degradation in impulsive environment.

하도(河圖)${\cdot}$락서(書洛)${\cdot}$선천팔괘(先夭八卦)${\cdot}$후천팔괘(後夭八卦)의 상호 유기적 관계 연구

김병수,Kim, Byoung-Soo 대한동의생리학회 2007 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Hado(河圖) and Laks${\u{\lrcorner}}$(書洛) are the diagrams composed of the symbols of numbers from one to ten. And the eight-trigrams, P'al-gwoe divide into two types one is a priori eight-trigrams (先夭八卦) or the Bok-Hui's eight trigrams(伏羲八卦); and the other is a posterior eight trigrams (後夭八卦) or the king Mun's eight trigrams (文王八卦). Relating these two diagrams of Hado and Laks${\u{\lrcorner}}$ with the two types of eight trigrams, they are said to be a term of Ha-Lak-Hui-Mun (HLHM). Each of HLHM represents the process of creating and changing of 'heaven and Earth' and every beingby the symbols of numbers and trigrams. In other words, each of HLHM symbolizes the origin and the structure of the universe as well as the birth of every life represented in the diagram of theosophany (福智學) or Kabbalah. HLHM are also regarded as the origin of l-ching or Book of Change. Hado produces Laks${\u{\lrcorner}}$ through the principle of yin-yang(陰陽). Laks${\u{\lrcorner}}$ produces a priori eight trigrams through the zigzag shapes which means Heaven and Earth are mutually responding. And a priori eight trigrams produce a posteriori eight trigrams through the triangle principle of connecting Heaven and Earth. In this process, Hado and a priori eight trigrams are respectively prior to Laks${\u{\lrcorner}}$ and a posteriori eight trigrams. HLHM represent fractal shape resembling the symbol of five on the center of Hado, or Hado itself. In the dynamic process of HLHM, a diagram of Circle, Quadrangle, and Triangle (CQT) is produced as follows: Circle, the symbol of 'infinify' or Heaven, represents the origin of life or birth. Hadois the symbol of creation. Quadrangle, the symbol of Earth, represents that Laks${\u{\lrcorner}}$is scattered into four directions of front, back, left, and rifht. Quadrangle, which is immovable, represents materiality. Triangle, being described from the eight trigrams, means the movements of the process of 'mutual inclusion' of Circle and Quadrangle. Triangle also means the process of harmonizing human beings with natural law.

스테레오 카메라에 의한 위치 추적과 3차원 데이터 후처리 프로그램의 연동

김병수,서진원,이봉주,Kim, Byoung-Soo,Seo, Jin-Won,Lee, Bong-Ju 한국군사과학기술학회 2006 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.9 No.4

Data post-processing programs are used for analysis and visualization of the data obtained from computational fluid methods or flow field experiments. In this paper 3D data visualization system which combines a data visualization program with position tracking system using stereo cameras is introduced. This system offers virtual environment for visualization and analysis of three dimensional data.

전자선 치료 시 Bolus를 적용한 경우 표면선량의 Treatment Planning System(TPS) 계산 값과 실제 측정값의 비교

김병수,박주영,박병석,송용민,박병수,송기원,Kim, Byeong Soo,Park, Ju Young,Park, Byoung Suk,Song, Yong Min,Park, Byung Soo,Song, Ki Weon 대한방사선치료학회 2014 대한방사선치료학회지 Vol.26 No.2

목 적 : 표재성 종양 치료를 위하여 선택한 전자선은 bolus와 동시에 사용할 경우 표면선량에 급격한 변화를 보이게 되며 이는 치료결과의 중요한 변수로 작용할 수 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 전자선 치료에서 bolus가 적용될 경우 표면선량을 좌우할 수 있는 4 가지 변수에 따른 치료계획시스템(Treatment Planning System, TPS)의 표면선량 계산 값과 실제 측정값을 비교 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 치료계획시스템(Pinnacle 9.2, philips, USA)과 실제 측정값을 비교하기 위하여 실제 치료 시 주로 발생되는 4가지 변수(A: bolus 두께 - 3, 5, 10 mm, B: 조사야 크기 - $6{\time}6$, $10{\time}10$, $15{\time}15cm2$, C: 에너지 - 6, 9, 12 MeV, D: 겐트리 각도 - 0, $15^{\circ}$)를 설정하였다. 16 cm 두께의 solid water phantom을 이용하여 bolus(Action Products, USA) 없이 전산화단층촬영(lightspeed ultra 16, General Electric, USA)을 시행하였고 치료 계획은 TPS 상에서 각각 3, 5, 10 mm bolus를 생성하여 A, B, C, D를 조합한 총 54개의 beam으로 계획하였다. 이때 SSD 100 cm, 300 MU를 조사하였고 TPS와 실제 측정값을 비교 분석하기 위해 EBT3 film(International Specialty Products, NJ, USA)을 이용해 iso-center에 위치시켜 2회 반복 측정하였다. 측정된 film은 디지털 평판 스캐너(Expression 10000XL, EPSON, USA)와 선량 농도 분석시스템(Complete Version 6.1, RIT, USA)을 사용하여 각각의 평균값과 표준편차 값으로 분석하였다. 결 과 : bolus 두께에 따른 값은 3, 5, 10 mm에서 실제 측정된 값이 TPS의 계산 값보다 각각 101.41%, 99.58%, 101.28%, 표준편차는 각각 0.0219, 0.0115, 0.0190 으로 나타났다. 조사야 크기에 따른 실제 측정값은 $6{\time}6$, $10{\time}10$, $15{\time}15cm2$ 각각 계산 값에 비해 99.63%, 101.40%, 101.24%, 표준편차는 0.0138, 0.0176, 0.0220 으로 나타났다. 에너지에 따른 값은 상대적으로 6, 9, 12 MeV 각각 99.72%, 100.60%, 101.96%, 표준편차는 0.0200, 0.0160, 0.0164로 나타났다. 빔 각도에 따른 실제 측정값은 계산된 값에 비하여 0, $15^{\circ}$에서 각각 100.45%, 101.07%, 표준편차는 0.0199, 0.0190 으로써 $15^{\circ}$에서 $0^{\circ}$보다 0.62% 높게 측정되었다. 결 론 : 본 논문에서 사용한 변수에 따른 계산 값과 측정값을 분석한 결과 5 mm bolus, $6{\time}6cm2$ 조사야, 저 에너지 전자선, $0^{\circ}$ 겐트리 각도에서 TPS로 계산한 값이 측정값에 더 가까웠지만 다른 변수를 적용한 비교에서도 최대 2% 오차범위 내에 포함되는 결과를 보였다. 전자선과 bolus를 동시에 사용하는 경우 본 논문에서 선택된 변수의 범위를 벗어난다면 각각의 변수에 따라 실제 측정값이 TPS와 달라질 수 있기 때문에 정확한 표면선량에 대한 QA를 반드시 실시해야 한다. Purpose : If electron, chosen for superficial oncotherapy, was applied with bolus, it could work as an important factor to a therapy result by showing a drastic change in surface dose. Hence the calculation value and the actual measurement value of surface dose of Treatment Planning System (TPS) according to four variables influencing surface dose when using bolus on an electron therapy were compared and analyzed in this paper. Materials and Methods : Four variables which frequently occur during the actual therapies (A: bolus thickness - 3, 5, 10 mm, B: field size - $6{\time}6$, $10{\time}10$, $15{\time}15cm2$, C: energy - 6, 9, 12 MeV, D: gantry angle - $0^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$) were set to compare the actual measurement value with TPS(Pinnacle 9.2, philips, USA). A computed tomography (lightspeed ultra 16, General Electric, USA) was performed using 16 cm-thick solid water phantom without bolus and total 54 beams where A, B, C, and D were combined after creating 3, 5 and 10 mm bolus on TPS were planned for a therapy. At this moment SSD 100 cm, 300 MU was investigated and measured twice repeatedly by placing it on iso-center by using EBT3 film(International Specialty Products, NJ, USA) to compare and analyze the actual measurement value and TPS. Measured film was analyzed with each average value and standard deviation value using digital flat bed scanner (Expression 10000XL, EPSON, USA) and dose density analyzing system (Complete Version 6.1, RIT, USA). Results : For the values according to the thickness of bolus, the actual measured values for 3, 5 and 10 mm were 101.41%, 99.58% and 101.28% higher respectively than the calculation values of TPS and the standard deviations were 0.0219, 0.0115 and 0.0190 respectively. The actual values according to the field size were $6{\time}6$, $10{\time}10$ and $15{\time}15cm2$ which were 99.63%, 101.40% and 101.24% higher respectively than the calculation values and the standard deviations were 0.0138, 0.0176 and 0.0220. The values according to energy were 6, 9, and 12 MeV which were 99.72%, 100.60% and 101.96% higher respectively and the standard deviations were 0.0200, 0.0160 and 0.0164. The actual measurement value according to beam angle were measured 100.45% and 101.07% higher at $0^{\circ}$ and $15^{\circ}$ respectively and standard deviations were 0.0199 and 0.0190 so they were measured 0.62% higher at $15^{\circ}$ than $0^{\circ}$. Conclusion : As a result of analyzing the calculation value of TPS and measurement value according to the used variables in this paper, the values calculated with TPS on 5 mm bolus, $6{\time}6cm2$ field size and low-energy electron at $0^{\circ}$ gantry angle were closer to the measured values, however, it showed a modest difference within the error bound of maximum 2%. If it was beyond the bounds of variables selected in this paper using electron and bolus simultaneously, the actual measurement value could differ from TPS according to each variable, therefore QA for the accurate surface dose would have to be performed.

하악골 과두 골절의 관혈적 정복술과 비관혈적 정복술의 예후에 관한 후향적 연구

김병수,이재훈,김철환,Kim, Byoung-Soo,Lee, Jae-Hoon,Kim, Chul-Hwan 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2005 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.27 No.4

Condylar process of mandible, has the specialized anatomic structure compared with any other body structure, acts directly in connection with mastication and speech and so on. In general, mandibular condyle fractures have been managed by two methods as open and closed reduction. But, there are no reasonable consensus about the proper management of this injury. This study was designed for analysis of the prognosis of two methods of treatment, open and closed reduction, with positional change of fractured condyle and complications within 6 months post-intermaxillary fixation period. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 154 patients whose unilateral mandibular condyle fractures were treated by open or closed reduction in our department. The horizontal, sagittal, and coronal change of the condyle was examined using modified Towne's and panoramic radiographs before intermaxillary fixation(IMF), immediately after IMF, and at 6 months after IMF. Patients, whose mandibular condyle fractures were treated by closed reduction, had significantly shorter ramus height on the side of injury(P<0.05). But, fractured condylar fragments were displaced insignificantly with aspect to sagittal and coronal plane(P>0.05). The level of the fracture influenced the ramus length and the degree of coronal change in the closed reduction group(P<0.05). There was no significant correlation among the level of the fracture, treatment methods and complications(P>0.05). From the results obtained in this study, fractured mandibular condyles, were treated by closed reduction, had a tendency that continuous condylar displacement was occurred with aspect to horozontal and coronal plane in treatment period including intermaxillary fixation. And then there was a correlation between the level of the fracture and the position change in close reduction group statistically. These result suggested that care must be taken in basing treatment decisions on the degree of displacement of the condyle and in treating the mandibular condyle fractures for a long time.

LED램프를 적용한 사무소 건물의 실내조명환경 및 에너지 성능분석

김병수(Byoung-Soo Kim),홍원표(Won-Pyo Hong) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2009 한국조명·전기설비학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.5월

Generally LED lamp has many advantages to compare with a general lamp, long life and no pollution matter like the mercury. Also it is excellence for color rendering and need to small consumption electric power. However LED lamp has some disadvantages to compare to general fluorescent lamp and That is small light flux about flux and narrow light distribution than fluorescent lamp. Therefore, to apply LED lamp in an office building, after analyze a illuminance distribution with an environment analysis and cooling, heating and light energy. The purpose of this study is to analyze light environment, light, cooling and heating energy simulation in Office building.

사무소건물에 설치된 염료감응형 솔라셀의 에너지 성능 분석

김병수(Kim Byoung-Soo) 대한건축학회 2010 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.26 No.4

Solar energy conversion systems and daylighting schemes are important building energy strategies to produce clean energy, to reduce the peak electrical and cooling demands, to save the building electricity expenditures. A Dye Sensitized Solar Cell(DSC) is a next generation solar system. It is transparent, so various color rendering is possible. It has more economic merits more than previous silicon solar cell. recently, many studies on DSC have been carrrid out actively in America, Japan and Europe. Most DSC was produced in America, Japan and Europe. The efficiency of DSC was approximately 10%. A DSC is a building component generating electricity via PV modules and allowing daylight entering into the interior spaces to facilitate daylighting designs. The transmittance of DSC varies from 10% to 90%. As a optical transmittance of DSC was lower, Solar radiation absorption is higher and the glazing surface temperature of DSC rises and accordingly heating energy increases and cooling energy decreases. then DSC optical transmittance is very important parameter. But the comfort transmittance of office building through subjective evaluation is from 40% to 60%, and the proper transmittance is from 20% to 40% in glare evaluation. This paper studies the thermal and visual properties, energy performance and generation output power of DSC according to variable optical transmittance.

乾癬에 대한 加味潤膚飮의 임상연구

김병수(Byoung Soo Kim),이상근(Sangkeun Lee),이증훈(Jeung Hoon Lee),임종순(Jong Soon Lim),강정수(Jung-Soo Kang) 한의병리학회 2003 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.17 No.6

삼원적 구조로 본 상수역학 체계

김병수(Byoung Soo Kim) 한의병리학회 2007 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.21 No.5