인구특성을 고려한 노출평가: 부산지역 고농도 오존일 사례연구

황미경,방진희,오인보,김유근,Hwang, Mi-Kyoung,Bang, Jin-Hee,Oh, Inbo,Kim, Yoo-Keun 한국환경보건학회 2015 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.41 No.2

Objectives: Photochemical ozone pollution is associated with increased mortality risk. This study aims to assess the population exposure to ozone according to population characteristics for high ozone days in the Busan metropolitan region (BMR). Methods: The ozone exposure assessment in this study was performed using the WRF-CMAQ simulated ozone concentrations and the population data in the BMR. The settled and daytime population and their activity were considered to conduct the static and dynamic ozone exposure assessment. Results: Applying a static exposure assessment, in case that high ozone occurred throughout Busan area, the highest exposure levels were evaluated in urban neighborhoods. In case of ozone pollution in outer Busan, because sensitive groups have been relatively higher exposure, this case was also evaluated as part of that should not be overlooked. The dynamic exposure was higher than static exposure because the number of population exposed to ozone of high concentration is increased. This approach is important in a regard consider that daytime population distribution when high ozone occur. Conclusion: This study shows the different population exposure according to various ozone distributions for each episode day. Considering demographic characteristic such as population density and activity should be important to understanding the population exposure assessment when ozone pollution occurs.

건물효과를 고려한 연안도시지역 고해상도 기상모델링

황미경(Mi-Kyoung Hwang),김유근(Yoo-Keun Kim),오인보(In-Bo Oh),강윤희(Yoon-Hee Kang) 한국대기환경학회 2010 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.26 No.2

보건의료빅데이터를 이용한 여름철 일최고기온에 대한 건강위험도 평가

황미경 ( Mi-kyoung Hwang ),김유근 ( Yoo-keun Kim ),오인보 ( Inbo Oh ) 한국환경과학회 2019 한국환경과학회지 Vol.28 No.7

This study investigated the relationship between heat-related illnesses obtained from healthcare big data and daily maximum temperature observed in seven metropolitan cities in summer during 2013~2015. We found a statistically significant positive correlation (r = 0.4~0.6) between daily maximum temperature and number of the heat-related patients from Pearson's correlation analyses. A time lag effect was not observed. Relative Risk (RR) analysis using the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) showed that the RR of heat-related illness increased with increasing threshold temperature (maximum RR = 1.21). A comparison of the RRs of the seven cities, showed that the values were significantly different by geographical location of the city and had different variations for different threshold temperatures. The RRs for elderly people were clearly higher than those for the all-age group. Especially, a maximum value of 1.83 was calculated at the threshold temperature of 35℃ in Seoul. In addition, relatively higher RRs were found for inland cities (Seoul, Gwangju, Daegu, and Daejeon), which had a high frequency of heat waves. These results demonstrate the significant risk of heat-related illness associated with increasing daily maximum temperature and the difference in adaptation ability to heat wave for each city, which could help improve the heat wave advisory and warning system.

도시형 중규모기상모델을 이용한 연안도시 해풍전선 발달 분석

황미경(Mi-Kyoung Hwang),오인보(In-Bo Oh),김유근(Yoo-Keun Kim) 한국대기환경학회 2011 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.27 No.4

보건기상정보 제공을 위한 폭염특보 운영현황 및 개선방안 조사

황미경 ( Mi-kyoung Hwang ),강윤희 ( Yoon-hee Kang ),김성민 ( Sungmin Kim ),김유근 ( Yoo-keun Kim ) 한국환경과학회 2019 한국환경과학회지 Vol.28 No.2

Heat watch warning systems are operating in Korea and several other countries (China, the United Kingdom, France, the United States, Germany, Australia, and Japan). The heat wave indices used in this system are the heat index, perceived temperature, the wet bulb globe temperature, and the daily maximum temperature. To improve the heat wave advisory and warning system, some suggestions have been made. The meteorological-health index (i.e., indirect index), has especially been proposed in previous studies. This information should be provided not only to vulnerable groups (seniors, infants, and children), but also to outdoor workers who may be particularly exposed to heat waves. In addition, to have sufficient preemptive response times, the need for an extension of the heat watch warning period was suggested. Finally, the subdivision of administrative units and risk stages was proposed.

중/도시규모 기상모델을 이용한 고층건물군이 연안도시기상장에 미치는 영향 수치모델링

황미경(Mi-Kyoung Hwang),오인보(In-Bo Oh),김유근(Yoo-Keun Kim) 한국대기환경학회 2012 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.28 No.5

서울지역 연직 오존 분포 : 2003년 6월 6~9일 오존존데 관측

황미경(Mi-Kyoung Hwang),김유근(Yoo-Keun Kim),오인보(In-Bo Oh),송상근(Sang-Keun Song),임윤규(Yun-Kyu Lim) 한국대기환경학회 2008 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.24 No.2

오존 농도와 기상 인자의 연직관측을 수행하여 오존분포와 하부 대기구조와의 관계를 분석하였다. 관측은 서울 방이동에서 2003년 6월 6~9일에 하루 2회씩(주ㆍ야간) 총 8회에 걸쳐 이루어졌으며, 고도 5㎞ 이내의 관측결과를 중심으로 대기경계층 일변화와 연직 오존농도 변화를 집중분석하였다. 관측 결과, 대기경계층 내 야간안정층 및 혼합층 발달에 따라 큰 오존농도 분포변화를 확인할 수 있었다. 야간에는 안정층 내에서 NO<SUB>x</SUB> 적정반응으로 0에 가까운 낮은 오존농도를 나타내었다. 한편 오후에는 혼합층 내에서 비교적 일정한 오존농도 분포를 나타내며, 대기경계층 상부에서 100 ppb 이상의 최고 농도가 관측되었다. 특히 지표부근 오존농도가 높았던 6월 8일의 관측결과를 통해, 오존의 생성ㆍ소멸과 관련한 국지효과뿐만 아니라 제한된 혼합층 발달이 고농도오존 발생에 중요한 영향을 미침을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 관측 기간 중, 국지규모 이상의 수송효과에 의한 대기경계층 상부의 농도 상승과 종관기류 변화에 따른 수송 효과가 간접적으로 확인되었다. 연직 오존분포 분석에 있어 충분치 않은 관측 자료로 인해 정확한 시간적 변동을 고찰할 수 없는 한계를 보였다. 하지만 본 연구를 통해 서울지역 대기 하층의 오존 분포 변화와 기상학적 특징을 살펴봄으로서 고농도오존 현상의 역학적인 이해를 도울 것으로 생각되며, 관측 결과는 도시 오존제어를 위한 광화학 수치모델링의 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. Variability in vertical ozone and meteorological profiles was measured by 2Z electrochemical concentration cells (ECC) ozonesonde at Bangyi in Seoul (37.52˚N, 127.13˚E) during June 6~9, 2003 in oder to identify the vertical distribution of ozone and its relationship with the lower-atmospheric structure resulted in the high ozone concentrations near the surface. The eight profiles obtained in the early morning and the late afternoon during the study period clearly showed that the substantial change of ozone concentrations in lower atmosphere (~5 ㎞), indicating that it is tightly coupled to the variation of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) structure as well as the background synoptic flow. All profiles observed early in the morning showed very low ozone concentrations near the surface with strong vertical gradients in the nocturnal stable boundary layer due to the photochemical ozone loss caused by surface NO titration under very weak vertical mixing. On the other hand, relatively uniform ozone profiles in the developed mixing layer and the ozone peaks in the upper PBL, were observed in the late afternoon. It was noted that a significant increase in ozone concentrations in the lower atmosphere occurred with the corresponding decrease of the mixing height in the late afternoon on June 8. Ozone in upper layer did not vertically vary much compared to that in PBL but changed significantly on June 6 that was closely associated with the variation of synoptic flows. Interestingly, heavily polluted ozone layers aloft (a maximum value of 115 ppb around 2 ㎞) were formed early in the morning on 6 through 7 June under dominant westerly synoptic flows. This indicates the effects of the transport of pollutants on regional scale and consequently can give a rise to increase the surface ozone concentration by downward mixing processes enhanced in the afternoon.

WRF-UCM을 이용한 연안산업도시지역 고해상도 기상 모델링

방진희,황미경,김양호,이지호,오인보,Bang, Jin-Hee,Hwang, Mi-Kyoung,Kim, Yangho,Lee, Jiho,Oh, Inbo 한국환경과학회 2020 한국환경과학회지 Vol.29 No.1

High-resolution meteorological simulations were conducted using a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with an Urban Canopy Model (UCM) in the Ulsan Metropolitan Region (UMR) where large-scale industrial facilities are located on the coast. We improved the land cover input data for the WRF-UCM by reclassifying the default urban category into four detailed areas (low and high-density residential areas, commercial areas, and industrial areas) using subdivided data (class 3) of the Environmental and Geographical Information System (EGIS). The urban area accounted for about 12% of the total UMR and the largest proportion (47.4%) was in the industrial area. Results from the WRF-UCM simulation in a summer episode with high temperatures showed that the modeled temperatures agreed greatly with the observations. Comparison with a standard WRF simulation (WRF-BASE) indicated that the temporal and spatial variations in surface air temperature in the UMR were properly captured. Specifically, the WRF-UCM reproduced daily maximum and nighttime variations in air temperature very well, indicating that our model can improve the accuracy of temperature simulation for a summer heatwave. However, the WRF-UCM somewhat overestimated wind speed in the UMR largely due to an increased air temperature gradient between land and sea.

부산지역 미세먼지에 대한 건강 취약성 평가

이원정,황미경,김유근,Lee, Won-Jung,Hwang, Mi-Kyoung,Kim, Yoo-Keun 한국환경보건학회 2014 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.40 No.5

Objectives: This study seeks to evaluate the vulnerability assessment of the human health sector for $PM_{10}$, which is reflected in the regional characteristics and related disease mortality rates for $PM_{10}$ in Busan over the period of 2006-2010. Methods: According to the vulnerability concept suggested by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), vulnerability to $PM_{10}$ is comprised of the categories of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. The indexes of the exposure and sensitivity categories indicate positive effects, while the adaptive capacity index indicates a negative effect on vulnerability to $PM_{10}$. Variables of each category were standardized by the rescaling method, and each regional relative vulnerability was computed through the vulnerability index calculation formula. Results: The regions with a high exposure index are Jung-Gu (transportation region) and Saha-Gu (industrial region). Major factors determining the exposure index are the $PM_{10}$ concentration, days of $PM_{10}{\geq}50$, ${\mu}g/m^3$, and $PM_{10}$ emissions. The regions that show a high sensitivity index are urban and rural regions; these commonly have a high mortality rate for related disease and vulnerable populations. The regions that have a high adaptive capacity index are Jung-Gu, Gangseo-Gu, and Busanjin-Gu, all of which have a high level of economic/welfare/health care factors. The high-vulnerability synthesis of the exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity indexes show that Dong-Gu and Seo-Gu have a risk for $PM_{10}$ potential effects and a low adaptive capacity. Conclusions: This study presents the vulnerability index to $PM_{10}$ through a relative comparison using quantitative evaluation to draw regional priorities. Therefore, it provides basic data to reflect environmental health influences in favor of an adaptive policy limiting damage to human health caused by vulnerability to $PM_{10}$.

하계 항만열환경지수 최적화 방안연구: 항만작업환경을 반영한 MENEX모델의 입력변수 개선

윤진아 ( Jinah Yun ),황미경 ( Mi-kyoung Hwang ),김유근 ( Yoo-keun Kim ) 한국환경과학회 2016 한국환경과학회지 Vol.25 No.7

To prevent increasing instances of heat-related illnesses due to heat waves generated by climate change, a customized thermal environment index should be developed for outdoor workers. In this study, we conducted sensitivity analysis of the Masan harbor during a heat wave period (August 9th to 15th, 2013) using the MENEX model with metabolic rate and clothing-insulation data, in order to obtain realistic information about the thermal environment. This study shows that accurate input data are essential to gather information for thermophysiological indices (PST, DhR, and OhR). PST is sensitive to clothing insulation as a function of clothing. OhR is more sensitive to clothing insulation during the day and to the metabolic rate at night. From these results, it appears that when exposed to high-temperature thermal environments in summer, wearing highly insulated clothing and getting enough rest (to lower the metabolic rate) can aid in preventing heat-related illnesses. Moreover, in the case of high-intensity harbor work, quantification of allowed working time (OhR) during heat waves is significant for human health sciences.