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홍유덕(Y.D.Hong),김종춘(J.C.Kim),조강래(K.R.Cho) 한국자동차공학회 1994 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1994 No.11_1
In Korea, three way catalytic converter equipped cars have been produced by car manufacturers to satisfy more stringent exhaust emission standards since July, 1987. Until now, about 90 percent of registered passenger cars were switched to low emission cars and the exhaust emission from the cars reduced dramatically. But these low emission cars could emit much pollutants because of the deterioration of emission related parts, long driving distance, poor maintenance and bad driving habits. Therefore, periodic inspection and maintenance is needed to reduce the exhaust emission from the cars in use. In this study, 139 vehicles - 94 gasoline vehicles and 45 LPG vehicles - which classified with kinds and mileage were tested by CVS-75 test procedure to know the characteristics of exhaust emission from catalytic converter equipped cars in use.<br/>
서울지역의 PM<sub>2.5</sub> 중 OC와 EC의 특성 및 계절적 변화에 관한 연구
박종성,송인호,박승명,신혜정,홍유덕,Park, Jong Sung,Song, In Ho,Park, Seung Myung,Shin, Hyejung,Hong, Youdeog 한국환경영향평가학회 2015 환경영향평가 Vol.24 No.6
본 연구는 수도권 지역 OC와 EC의 지역적, 계절적 특성을 파악하기 위하여 서울 은평구 불광동에 위치한 수도권 대기오염집중측정소에서 2014년 1월부터 12월까지 1년간 Semi-Continuous OC/EC Analyzer (Sunset Laboratory INC., USA)를 사용하여 $PM_{2.5}$ 중 OC와 EC를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 수도권 지역의 OC와 EC의 연평균 농도(${\mu}g/m^3$)는 각각 $4.1{\pm}2.7$, $1.6{\pm}1.0$으로 나타났다. 계절별로 살펴보면 봄: $4.0{\pm}2.2$, $1.8{\pm}0.8$; 여름: $3.6{\pm}2.7$, $1.4{\pm}0.9$; 가을: $3.6{\pm}2.4$, $1.3{\pm}0.9$; 겨울: $5.2{\pm}3.3$, $2.0{\pm}1.3$으로 나타나 겨울 > 봄 > 여름 > 가을 순으로 높은 농도를 나타냈으며, OC/EC 비는 2.4 ~ 3.4 수준으로 여름이 가장 높고 봄이 가장 낮은 수준을 보였다. 시간별 OC, EC 농도 변화를 살펴보면, 출 퇴근시간인 아침과 저녁에 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, OC/EC 비 역시 출 퇴근시간대의 교통량 증가로 인한 EC농도 증가로 인해 급격히 낮아지는 현상을 보여 수도권 지역의 탄소성 입자 농도에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 것은 자동차와 같은 교통수단인 것으로 판단된다. 이번 연구를 통해 수도권 지역 탄소성분의 배출특성 및 계절별 특징, 농도 수준을 파악하고, 대기질 개선 정책의 효과적인 수립을 위한 과학적인 기초자료의 제공이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. To investigate characteristics and seasonal variations of carbonaceous species for $PM_{2.5}$ in Seoul metropolitan area, Korea, we measured organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) from January 2014 to December 2014 using a semi-continuous OC/EC Analyzer (Model-4, Sunset Lab.). Mean concentrations of OC and EC were estimated $4.1{\pm}2.7{\mu}g/m^3$ and $1.6{\pm}1.0{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. The annual averaged OC/EC ratio was $2.9{\pm}2.7$. Concentrations of OC and EC comprised 13% and 5% of $PM_{2.5}$ and the mass fraction of both was the highest in fall. OC and EC showed similar trend in seasonal variations. Concentrations of those showed a clear seasonal variation with the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. The correlations between the two were the best during the winter ($r^2=0.88$). As results of carbonaceous species analysis, the dominant factor in view of fine particle ($PM_{2.5}$) is primary emission source such as mobile, fossil fuel combustion during commute time(08:00~10:00 or 17:00~21:00) and winter season. Continuous monitoring of atmospheric carbonaceous species is essential to provide the science-based data to policy-maker establishing the air quality improvement policy.
RV차량 및 소형승합차량의 휘발성유기화합물 배출특성 연구
문선희,홍희경,김선문,서석준,정성운,정택호,홍유덕,김정화,Mun, Sunhee,Hong, Heekyoung,Kim, Sunmoon,Seo, Seokjun,Jung, Sungwoon,Chung, Taekho,Hong, Youdeog,Kim, Jounghwa 한국액체미립화학회 2018 한국액체미립화학회지 Vol.23 No.2
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are well known as ozone precursors from photochemical reactions and contribute to the formation of photochemical smog which pose health hazards. Also, some of these compounds directly affect the human health due to their toxicity such as benzene. In this study, NMVOCs composition in exhaust gas from recreational vehicle (RV) and (MPV) were characterized using a chassis dynamometer. The results for NMVOCs have reported that alkanes emission was higher than alkenes, aromatics and cycloalkanes due to reactive of diesel oxidation catalysts. The NMVOCs composition according to carbon number was highly distributed between C3 and C6~C8. During the engine cold start condition, NMVOCs emission was higher compared to the engine hot start condition due to the increased catalytic activity. The NMVOCs emission with DPF increased compared to that without DPF. The results of this study will be provide to calculate VOCs emissions from mobile source.
위성 (OMI)을 활용한 한반도 지역 NO<sub>2</sub> 분석
김덕래,최원준,이준석,김승연,홍준석,송창근,이재범,홍유덕,이석조,Kim, Deok-Rae,Choi, Won-Jun,Lee, Joon-Suk,Kim, Seung-Yeon,Hong, Jun-Suk,Song, Chang-Keun,Lee, Jae-Bum,Hong, You-Deog,Lee, Suk-Jo 한국대기환경학회 2012 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.28 No.3
Monitoring of climate change and atmospheric environment by satellite measurements has been increased in recent years. In this study, nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$) measurements from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) were compared with surface measurements over the Korean peninsula. $NO_2$ from OMI measurements showed high values and also showed seasonal variations such as high concentration in winter and low in summer over metropolitan areas while $NO_2$ concentration at national background station was low and did not clearly show seasonal variations. Surface measurements showed similar temporal and spatial variations to those of satellite measurement. The comparison between satellite measurements and surface measurements showed that the correlation between them was higher in urban area (r=0.64 at Seoul and r=0.63 at Daegu) than in national background stations (r=0.37 at Jeju) because the concentration in urban area was relatively high so that the variation of $NO_2$ concentration could be detected better than at national background stations by satellite. Satellite can effectively measure the emission and transport of pollutants with no limitations in spatial coverage.
홍희경,문선희,서석준,김정화,정성운,정택호,홍유덕,성기재,김선문,Hong, Heekyoung,Mun, Sunhee,Seo, Seokjun,Kim, Jounghwa,Jung, Sungwoon,Chung, Taekho,Hong, Youdeog,Sung, Kijae,Kim, Sunmoon 한국액체미립화학회 2018 한국액체미립화학회지 Vol.23 No.2
Emission characteristics of regulated pollutants (CO, NOx, HC and PM) and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) from diesel heavy duty trucks equipped with EGR+pDPF and SCR for Euro 5 emission standards were investigated using a chassis dynamometer. In the case of regulated pollutants, diesel heavy duty trucks with EGR+pDPF emitted 79% less CO than those with SCR. Also, those with the SCR emitted 36% less NOx than those with the EGR+pDPF. The results of VOCs have show that alkanes emissions for heavy duty trucks with the EGR+pDPF and the SCR have been higher than alkenes, cycloalkanes and aromatics. In the case of individual VOCs, the highest of propene emissions for 11.3~16.1% occupied. For aromatics group, benzene emissions are the highest percentage for 4.4~15.5%. In the future, the results of present study will provide basic data to set up HAPs emissions inventory for mobile source.