<방자전> : 예술과 통속의 거리

홍연표(Hong, Yeon-pyo) 숭실대학교 한국문학과예술연구소 2017 한국문학과 예술 Vol.21 No.-

이 글은 <춘향전>을 영화화한 콘텐츠 <방자전>에 담긴 작가의식의 고찰을 목적으로 쓰여졌다. 먼저 이몽룡은 기득권층의 속성을 지니며 미담조작을 통해 위태로운 조선이라는 시스템을 유지시키지만 내재된 진실성의 결여 때문에 부정된다. 반면에 방자의 경우 피지배층의 성격을 지니며 이몽룡에게는 없는 춘향에 대한 진실한 사랑의 감정을 지니고 있어, 그 저항적 행위에 대한 당위성을 부여 받는다. 이어서 춘향은 두 남성의 갈등을 매개하는 주도적인 역할을 수행하면서 서사를 추동하는 존재로 표상된다. 따라서 이몽룡-방자와 각기 다른 방식의 사랑을 구현해 나가는데 감독은 방자-춘향의 관계를 통해 형상화되는 사랑-외설 · 노출-자본, 즉 통속의 논리를 긍정하면서, 당대의 통속소설 <춘향전>의 창작으로까지 이어지도록 안배하였다. 마지막으로 두 남자로부터 창작된 미담과 통속소설 가운데 후자의 것에 방점을 두는 구도에 착안점을 두어, 상업영화의 감독 입장에서의 자기변호의 논리를 형상화 한 작품으로 <방자전>을 보고자 하였다. <Banja-jeon> is the movie recreated from <Chunhyang-jeon> and This script is written by the purpose of considering <Banja-jeon>’s author consciousness. preferentially, because of Monglyong-Chunhyang-Banja’s personality that form triangle occupying central phase, It is important to explore their personality orientation. First, Lee-Monglyong is yangban station in life and fabricated the moving story to maintain the maintain the putrid, perilous Joseon Dynasty. but the trumped-up story that is inherent in veracity’s lack because of love’s absence between men and women, is denied. On the other hand, Banja is subjugated class and has the felling of love to Chunhyang. thus, it is given the right to resistive action. Second. Chunhyang conduct a leading a role of mediate conflict and she is typical presence that gives driving force to narrative. So, she realizes different ways of love. Because of this, the director allows a series of logic to be affirmative which continue to love-pornography exposure-capital. Ultimately, the director arranges these logics continuing to write a popular novel <Chunhyang-jeon>. Finally, through setting of such a composition of the two men that having different personalities creating a moving story and a popular novel, it can be deduced that the director could embody self-defence’s logic in a commercial movie director side. That is, the director emphasizes <Chunhyang-jeon> in today’s classic that was a popular in the past.

〈태원지〉 : 문화중화주의의 이상과 당위

홍연표(Hong, Yeon-pyo) 국어국문학회 2015 국어국문학 Vol.- No.172

〈태원지〉는 18∼19세기 화이질서에 대한 심각한 균열이 초래되던 시기에 산출된 텍스트이기에, 그에 대한 순응적 반영 내지 진전된 사유가 내재되어 있다고 보는 시각이 주류를 이루었다. 그러나 〈태원지〉에 반영된 작가의식과 그 시대적 의의를 보다 적확하게 추단하기 위해서는, 소설에 수용된 다양한 서사적 전통과 모티프를 고려할 필요가 있다. 이를 위해 2.1장에서는 〈태원지〉와 〈삼국지연의〉의 인물형상을 중심으로 비교함으로써, 임성의 나약한 형상과 미백의 탁월한 면모는 유비-제갈량의 관계가 수용된 것일 가능성을 추단하였다. 이어서 〈삼국지연의〉에서는 적대자의 형상이 또렷하고 동일한 비중으로 제시됨으로써 촉나라를 기점으로 하는 이상론과 위나라를 중심으로 표출되는 현실론적 층위가 어우러지며 복잡하고 첨예한 갈등과 문제의식이 드러나고 있는데 반해, 〈태원지〉의 경우 이러한 적대자의 형상을 거의 수용하고 있지 않고 다소 박약하게 형상화되고 있음에 주목하였다. 즉 〈태원지〉의 작가는 〈삼국지연의〉에 비해 이상주의적 세계관을 대변하는 임성의 완벽한 승리의 형상화에 주력하고 있다는 것이다. 그리고 이러한 경향성은 공간설정에도 동일하게 이어진다. 2.2장에서는 신마소설과 오덕종시설 모티프의 수용을 중심으로 이계 공간의 설정이 지니는 의미에 대하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 해상탐험 과정에서 초월적인 존재와 조우하는 것은 그들의 힘을 현실계로 끌어들이려는 시도의 일환으로 진단하였으며, 오덕종시설이 표면화된 ‘태원’이라는 독특한 공간은 중원과는 달리 천명이 용인되는 이상세계로 축조된 유사현실로 규정하였다. 그리고 태원에서 주어진 ‘천명’은 앞 챕터에서 살핀 ‘이상’의 성공적인 실현에 대한 ‘당위성’을 보증하는 지표로서 기능하고 있다고 보았다. 아울러 3장에서는 임성-미백으로 표상되는 나약한 군주상과 유능한 신하상이 유교의 전통적 군주론의 맥락 하에 속해 있음을 밝혔다. 그리고 이러한 작품이 화이질서에 심각한 분열이 드러나기 시작한 18∼19세기 창작될 수 있었던 이유를 유교사상이 중세 보편철학으로서의 정통성을 담지하고 있었다는 사상사적 흐름에서 찾았다. 이처럼 〈태원지〉가 유교의 이상적인 군주상과 이데올로기를 적극적으로 수용 · 표방하고 있는 것으로 볼 때, 그 작가의식은 당대 화이질서가 당면한 위기에 순응적으로 반응하였다기 보다는, 이에 대한 문화적 차원에서의 대응논리에 근간을 두고 있다고 볼 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this paper is for studying narrative tradition and motives accepted in fiction so that I can consider the characteristics of heroes and fictional space’s significance and historical meaning. First, to this end, I performed a comparision operation for a 〈Samgukjiyeoneui〉 in chapter 2.1. As a result, it is turned out that Liu bei and Zh? g? liang’s feature was reflected in the heroes Imsung and Mibeck of the 〈Taewonji〉 as novel which have character weakness or excellent capability each other. Then, I diagnosed Idealism run to an extreme as a one-way in 〈Taewonji〉 compared to 〈Samgukjiyeoneui〉. this comprehension is based of the accepted pattern of the antagonist. thus, we know that 〈Taewonji〉’s author positively accepted only the elements that conform to the Confucian ideology. Second, I analyzed Sea & Taewon as any fictional space that have preallotment’s undertone in chapter 2.2. In result, Taewon which is the space that preallotment operates normally on is a kind of virtual reality world designed to guarantee Imsung party the appropriateness for making a dream. In the same vein, I defined the Sea is the means to draw superb power of monsters to make a dream. Finally, In chapter 3, I asure that Insung-Mybeck’s relationship belongs to the traditional Confucian’s theory about the ruler and agitated that the author had accepted positively Confucian ideology including 蜀漢正統論 to resist Asianism’s crack.

알코올 섭취와 흡연이 혈청 구리, 아연과 Nitric Oxide에 미치는 영향

홍연표,최병선,박정덕,장임원,Hong, Yeon-Pyo,Choi, Byung-Sun,Park, Jung-Duck,Chang, Im-Won 대한예방의학회 1998 예방의학회지 Vol.31 No.2

To investigate the change of nitric oxide(NO), copper, and zinc in serum on smoking and alcohol ingestion in young adults, this study was performed in a cross-sectional study in 127 healthy men in Korea who had HBsAg(-), HCVAb(-), and no symptomatic liver, heart, gastrointestinal, chronic diseases, and inflammatory sign(lower than 10,000 white blood cell count in CBC). At the men's entry into the study, blood samples were drawn from each subject and immediately centrifuged for analysis of NO, copper, and zinc. Each man completed a questionnaire that provided information on smoking, alcohol intake and present and past medical history NO was analyzed by HPLC(Green et al., 1982), copper and zinc by atomic absorption spectrophotometer with air-acetylene flame and total cholesterol(TC) by Spectrum EPX. Smoking(number of cigarettes per day and pack-year) and alcohol intake was grouped fertile. Copper was adjusted for age and zinc and for age and TC. NO, copper, and zinc on smoking and alcohol ingestion were analyzed in general linear models, respectively. NO, copper and zinc in serum did not show statistical differences between non-smoking and high-smoking group and no-alcohol intake and high-alcohol intake group. This study suggested that copper, zinc, and NO was not. good biological marker for early effect by smoking and alcohol intake in young adults. However, selection bias should be considered in evaluation of this result. A large prospective study will be needed in advance on usefulness of copper, zinc, and NO as a marker for risk factors and early change of atherosclerosis.

도시 및 농촌 일부지역의 강하분진과 여과액중의 이온농도

홍연표,Hong, Yeon-Pyo 대한예방의학회 1985 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.18 No.1

During a period from February 1st to November 30th in 1983, measurements were made twice a month on dustfalls and concentrations of various cations ana anions in their filtrates in an urban (Heuksuk-dong, Seoul) and in a rural (Ansung) districts. Standard British Deposit Gauge method was applied for collection of dustfalls and ion chromatographic method using Ion Chromatograph 10 (Dionex, U.S.A.) for determination of cation and anion concentrations. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Annual mean values of dustfalls were $8.30{\pm}5.09tons/km^2/month$ in an urban and $6.20{\pm}0.82tons/km^2/month$ in a rural districts. And annual mean values of pH of filtrates of the collected samples were $5.3{\pm}0.76$ in an urban and $6.0{\pm}0.82$ in a rural districts. 2. Annual mean concentrations of common cations and anions in their filtrates were as follows: urban rural (unit: ppm) $$Na^{+}\;1.7{\pm}1.30\;1.9{\pm}1.86$$ $$NH^{+}_{4}\;2.4{\pm}1.60\;1.3{\pm}1.59$$ $$K^{+}\;0.7{\pm}0.47\;1.5{\pm}3.79$$ $$Ca^{++}\;5.3{\pm}0.95\;3.4{\pm}2.58$$ $$Mg^{++}\;0.7{\pm}0.89\;0.5{\pm}0.83$$ $$Cl^{-}\;2.0{\pm}1.31\;4.0{\pm}2.35$$ $$NO^{-}_{3}\;4.0{\pm}2.35\;2.7{\pm}1.31$$ $$So^{--}_{4}\;16.9{\pm}17.40\;6.8{\pm}8.00$$ Some of anions such as $Br^{-},\;{PO_4}^{-3}\;and\;{NO_2}^{-}$ were scarecely detected and $F^{-}$ was measured at very low concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 ppm in Feb., Oct. and Nov. in an urban and in Feb. in a rural districts. 3. By two-way analysis of variance with 4 replications for dustfalls, pH and concentrations of various ion by district and month of a year, statistically significant differences were noted in dustfalls (p<0.01), pH (p<0.01) and concentrations of various ion (p<0.01) by month of a year, and in dustfalls (p<0.05) and concentrations of various ion such as ${NH_4}^{+},\;Ca^{++},\;{NO_{3}}^{-}\;and\;{SO_4}^{--}$ (p<0.01) by district. 4. There were statistically significant differences pH in Spring (Feb., Mar and Apr.) (p<0.01) and in ${SO_4}^{--}$ in Autumn (Aug., Sept., Oct. and Nov.) (p<0.05) between the two districts.

산업변천과 산업보건

홍연표,Hong, Yeon-Pyo 대한산업보건협회 2006 산업보건 Vol.218 No.-

흰쥐와 마우스에서 Ethanol이 요중 트리클로로에틸렌 대사산물 배설량에 미치는 영향

강은용,박정덕,홍연표,장임원,Kang, Eun-Yong,Park, Jung-Duck,Hong, Yeon-Pyo,Chang, Im-Won 대한예방의학회 1998 예방의학회지 Vol.31 No.4

본 연구는 흰쥐와 마우스에서 TCE 경구투여 후 주대사산물인 TCE-OH와 TCA의 요중 배설량과 시간에 따른 배설량의 변화와 이에 대한 ethanol의 영향 및 종간의 차이를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. TCE 경구 투여 후 요중 TTC 배설양상은 실험동물의 종간에 현저한 차이가 있었으며, 흰쥐에서는 TTC 배설량이 투여량에 따라 증가하다가 체중 kg당 1,000 mg 용량 이상에서 포화되는 양상을 나타내었으나, 마우스에서는 2,000 mg까지 거의 선형적으로 증가하였다. 투여용량에 따른 TTC 배설 량은 흰쥐보다 마우스에서 유의하게 높았다(p<0.01). 2. TCE 투여 후 경과시간에 따른 대사산물 배설양상은 종이나 투여용량에 관계없이 비슷한 양상을 나타내었다. TCE-OH는 12시간에서 거의 대부분$(82.8\sim87.6%)$이 배설되었으며, TCA는 12 시간 $(39.2\sim41.6%)$과 24시간$(33.4\sim36.6%)$에 최고치를 보였고 그 후 서서히 배설되었다. 3. Ethanol 전처치시 횐쥐에서는 TTC와 TCE-OH 배설량이 유의하게 증가하였으나(p<0.01), TCA 배설량은 증가하지 않았다. 마우스에서는 TTC, TCE-OH 및 TCA 배설량 모두 ethanol 군과 대조군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. This study was conducted to examine the species differences in the urinary excretion of trichloroethanol(TCE-OH) and trichloroacetic acid(TCA) of trichloroethylene (TCE) metabolites and the effect of ethanol on these metabolites in mice and rats. TCE administered to Male Sprague Dawley rats and ICR mice as a single oral dose(100, 200, 500, 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg body weight) and ethanol(3.0 g/kg body weight) was taken orally 12 hours before TCE administration. The metabolites in urine were measured 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after TCE administration. The results of metabolite excretion were as follows; Total trichlorocompounds(TTC) in urine increased with TCE dose in mice while increased only below dose of 1,000 mg/kg TCE in rats. The net excretion of TCE metabolites was significantly greater in mice than rats, although the proportion of TCE-OH to TCA was not different between mice and rats. These findings indicate that mice were internally exposed to significantly higher concentration of TCE metabolites than rats and this trend appeared to be more prominent with the increase of TCE dose. Ethanol increased significantly TCE-OH in urine of rats while the increase of TCE-OH induced by ethanol was not significant in mice, and didn't increase TCA of urine in both of rats and mice. This result suggests that the effect of ethanol on TCE metabolism may be due to the increase of TCE-OH.

마늘에 의한 사염화탄소 간독성의 보호 효과

이종문,박정덕,홍연표,최병선,Lee, Jong-Moon,Park, Jung-Duck,Hong, Yeon-Pyo,Choi, Byung-Sun 대한예방의학회 2002 예방의학회지 Vol.35 No.3

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to find the protective effects of garlic on the halogenated hydrocarbon induced hepatotoxicities, and the possible protection mechanisms involved. Methods : Male Sprague-Dawley rats received garlic (0.5%) or regular diet, for 4 weeks. This was followed by a single dose of corn oil (the controls), carbon tetrachloride (400mg/kg body weight) and trichloroethylene (2,000mg/kg body weight) being administered to each diet group. Blood samples were collected 24 hours fellowing the administration, and the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALD activities measured. The liver samples were studied for their cytochrome P450 and CYP2E1 contents, lipid peroxidation and histopathology. Results : rho results for the group receiving the 9.5% garlic diet showed a slight decrease of CYP2E1 expression compared with the regular diet group. Carbon tetrachloride was significantly decreased the CYP2E1 contents in both the regular and garlic diet groups, but the trichloroethylene remained unchanged. Garlic did not decrease the lipid peroxidation of the liver in the control group, but attenuated the increase of lipid peroxidation caused by carbon tetrachloride. Garlic attenuated the increase of both the serum AST and ALT activities caused by carbon tetrachloride. The histopathelogical observations also showed that garlic attenuated centrilobular necrosis and vacuolar degenerative changes significantly in the carbon tetrachloride treated group. Conclusions : The results indicate that garlic attenuates the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, through the prevention of the metabolic activation and lipid peroxidation.

한강지류 하천 주변 토양의 Phthalate ester 오염 분석

안승현,이종훈,홍연표,김민균,Ahn, Seung-Hyun,Lee, Jong-Hoon,Hong, Yeon-Pyo,Kim, Min-Kyun 한국응용생명화학회 2002 한국농화학회지 Vol.45 No.2

Phthalate ester는 플라스틱의 물리적 성질, 특히 유연성을 향상시키기 위하여 플라스틱 제품에 첨가하는 가소제이며 내분비계 장애를 일으키는 것으로 추정되는 물질이다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 한강지류 하천 주변 토양의 phthalate esters의 오염 정도를 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) 방법으로 분석하였다. 그 결과 예상 오염 지역인 안양천과 서호천, 그리고 예상 청정 지역인 가평천과 남한강 지역에서 채취한 토양시료 모두에서 bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP)가 일정 수준 검출되었다. 그 오염 수준은 안양천 주변 토양이 113ppb로 가장 높았으며, 서호천 주변 토양이 64 pub,그리고 가평천과 남한강 주변 토양이 약 50 ppb이었다. 따라서 한강 지류 하천 토양의 DEHP오염은 국내 하천 저질의 DEHP오염 수준이 최고 2.04 ppm임을 감안할 때 상대적으로 낮은 수준임을 알 수 있었다. Phthalate esters are used as additives in plastics to improve mechanical properties, particularly flexibility. The contamination of soil samples by phthalate esters around four tributaries to the nm river was analyzed based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). All soil samples collected from the four tributaries, which include Anyangcheon and Seohocheon (expected polluted areas), and Gapyeongcheon and Namhan river (expected clean areas), were found to be contaminated by his(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Soil around Anyangcheon was the most contaminated (113 ppb), about twofold higher than the ones around Seohpcheon (64 ppb), Gapyeongcheon and Namhan river (50 ppb). Based on the fact that DEHP contamination in sediments of the river tributaries around the country is as high as 2.04 ppm, it was concluded that DEHP contamination of the soils around the tributaries to the Han river is relatively low.

학동기 농촌 아동의 폐기능 정상 예측치와 호흡기 증상에 민감한 폐기능 지표

최병선,박정덕,홍연표,장임원,Choi, Byung-Sun,Park, Jung-Duck,Hong, Yeon-Pyo,Chang, Im-Won 대한예방의학회 1995 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.28 No.3

Pulmonary function tests were conducted on 815 healthy primary school children (390 males and 425 female) in rural area using Collins Survey Spirometer (Warren E. Collins, Inc., U.S.A.) with X-Y Recorder. Respiratory symptoms(cough, sputum, sore throat, chest pain, chest tightness, dyspnea, coryza) were surveyed by the interviews. Multiple regression analysis and regression diagnostics were done for prediction equations of FVC, $FEV_1,\;PEFR\;and\;FEF_{25-75%}$. FVC, $FEV_1,\;PEFR\;and\;FEF_{25-75%}$ values in 3 groups of children classified by the number of symptom were compared each other through standard variable value. FVC, $FEV_1,\;PEFR\;and\;FEF_{25-75%}$ showed highly significant correlation with age, height and weight. Prediction equations for FVC, $FEV_1,\;PEER,\;FEF_{25-75%}$ are functions of height only in both male and female children aged between 6 and 12 years old. PEFR showed a significant difference related with the number of symptom in female. These results suggest that the PEFR is sensitive PFT parameter in this study.

카드뮴 급성폭로에 의한 Metallothionein 생성과 독성작용

민경준,박정덕,홍연표,장임원,Min, Kyung-Joon,Park, Jung-Duck,Hong, Yeon-Pyo,Chang, Im-Won 대한예방의학회 1993 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.26 No.2

Thirty five male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with cadmium chloride solution ranging from 0.2 to 3.2mg $CdCl_2/kg$ by intravenous single injection. At 48 hours after administration of cadmium, total cadmium, MT bound cadmium and histopathologic finding in liver, kidney, lung, heart, testis, metallothionein in liver, kidney and total cadmium in bleed were examined. Tissue cadmium concentration was highest in liver, followed by in kidney, heart, lung and testis. Cadmium bound to rnetallothionein (MT-Cd) and ratio of MT-Cd to total cadmium were increased in liver and kidney dependently of cadmium exposure dose, but not significantly changed in other organs. On histopathologic finding, the most susceptible organ was heart in considering cadmium exposed dose, but testis in considering cadmium concentration. Blood cadmium concentration was increased with dose-dependent pattern, and significantly correlated with tissue cadmium concentration, so that we may estimate tissue cadmium concentration by measurement of blood cadmium concentration. Metallothionein in liver and kidney was increased with dose-dependent pattern, higher in liver than in kidney, and was significantly correlated with tissue cadmium concentration. However, metallothionein induction efficiency of tissue cadmium(${\mu}g\;MT/{\mu}g\;Cd$) was eater in liver than in kidney, and reverse to tissue concentration or exposed dose of cadmium.