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반역법의 강화와 사회적 변화 -에드워드 왕들의 통치기를 중심으로-
홍성표 ( Seong Pyo Hong ) 충북대학교 사학회 2010 忠北史學 Vol.25 No.-
For Glanvill the law of treason was a mixture of Roman and Germanic ideas. The great influence of treason act was the writing of Bracton. In the matter of procedure to be employed in cases of treason, Bracton supplemented Glanvill. In the reign of the king Edwards, England suffered considerably as a result of their military involvements. In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, king Edwards` subjects represented themselves as oppressed, and the country as impoverished as a result of the way in which men, money and supplies had been raised for war. Expensive as the conquest of Wales was, far more was spent on the wars with France and Scotland in the king Edwards reign. What could be done? King Edwards could revive their feudal rights to aids and could levy tallage on their demesnes. English trade could be exploited by means of heavier customs duties. While the war in Scotland and France remained popular, king Edwards could rely on the military support of many of the magnates and clergy. But king Edwards could not abandon the war in Scotland. And added to all the problems inherited from Edward I was one new one, that of the king`s relationship with magnates. The costs of the campaigns made the crown increasingly dependent on the grant of taxation by its subjects. The demands made for military service, for money and for goods prompted political opposition. The treason under the first two Edwards was then the development of conviction on the king`s record. King Edwards` intent was primarily to extend treason for political purposes. From the succession of Edward III the use of the king`s record in trials of treason disappeared save where the crime was one of fighting the king in open war. So enactment of the treason act of 1352 was derived from arbitrary punishments which hadruined so many noble families in the reign of Edward II. But the king was never restricted to direct relations only with his tenants-in-chief. Ultimately everybody owed their service and an overriding obligation of allegiance to the king himself. In this circumstances, contents of the treason act of king Edwards was strengthened. So we can assert that the English social structure in the reign of king Edwards was Bastard Feudalism.
14세기 초 영국에서의 범죄 실태와 그 처벌 : 폭행사건을 중심으로
洪成杓(Hong Seong-Pyo) 역사교육연구회 2003 역사교육 Vol.88 No.-
The objective of this article is to search the answers of the following questions. First, who did commit assault, men or women? Did men commit mainly outrage or women did? And why? Second, what did make use of instrument to commit violence? Third, how did put on trial to a criminal suspect for assault? Fourth, what is social viewpoint about assault. How can village or town community prevent assault? Did they enforce system to prevent assault? In order to explain the answers of all these questions, I study Calendar of Patent Rolls and Wakefield Court Rolls(1279~1347), which is court record of Wakefield manor in Yorkshire. I analyze 369 cases and I can finally reach to the following conclusions. According to Professor Barbara A. Hanawalt, crime increased during the Great Famine(1315~1317). Her contention is right, but the crime, which is related to assault, did not only increase because of the Great Famine. During that period, King Edward invaded Scotland for several years. From every point of view, we must trace the origins of increase of crime in the early fourteenth century England. Many persons, several men or women, used violence to one or a few persons on the whole. And assault related to plunder a person of his/her goods, especially com and livestock. Contrary to expectations of professor Barbara A. Hanawalt, I can find that women participated in assault is more small in number than men, but it is not different the method of assault between men and women. Assault did not occur between collateral relation but chiefly appeared between non-blood relation. Because of the king"s peace and the common welfare, an offender of assault was chiefly punished by a fine from 6 pence to 12 pence. By the way it is not different to be fined for doing assault between men and women. The main function of the frankpledge system was to provide mutual surety as well as crime prevention. Each frankpledge unit was divided into a number of tithings which were intended to contain ten men. With respect to one who has taken to flight, careful inquiry must be made as to whether he is to enter a tithing or not. If every tithings are not inspected by sheriff twice a year, the tithings will be amerced before the justices for not producing the said malefactor for trial. By this system, we can understand how medieval English tithings make efforts for the prevention of criminal offences and social disorder.
홍성표 ( Seong Pyo Hong ),신명숙 ( Myeong Sook Shin ),이철승 ( Cheol Seung Lee ),이준 ( Joon Lee ) 한국정보처리학회 2005 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.12 No.2
IEEE 802.11b의 사용자 인증 취약성을 보완한 프레임워크인 IEEE 802.1x는 EAP를 통해 다양한 사용자 인증 메커니즘을 지원한다. 그러나 IEEE 802.1x 역시 인증 프로토콜의 구조적 원인에 의한 서비스 거부 공격과 AP에 대한 인증 및 암호 메커니즘의 부재로 세션 하이재킹 및 중간자 공격 등에 취약하다. 본 논문에서는 IEEE 802.1x 프레임워크의 서비스 거부, 세션 하이재킹 및 중간자 공격에 대한 취약성을 보완하여 강화된 사용자 인증 및 안전한 암호통신 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 무선랜 보안시스템을 제안한다.