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한은경,우지원,서경진,김세현,김지현,박소연 대한암학회 2024 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.56 No.2
Purpose The programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) SP142 assay identifies patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) who are most likely to respond to the anti–PD-L1 agent atezolizumab. We aimed to compare PD-L1 (SP142) expression between primary and recurrent/metastatic TNBCs and elucidate the clinicopathological features associated with its expression. Materials and Methods Primary and recurrent/metastatic TNBCs tested with PD-L1 (SP142) were collected, and clinicopathological information of these cases was obtained through a review of slides and medical records. Results PD-L1 (SP142) positivity was observed in 50.9% (144/283) of primary tumors and 37.8% (31/82) of recurrent/metastatic TNBCs with a significant difference. Recurrent or metastatic sites were associated with PD-L1 positivity, with high PD-L1 positivity in the lung, breast, and soft tissues, and low positivity in the bone, skin, liver, and brain. When comparing PD-L1 expression between primary and matched recurrent/metastatic TNBCs using 55 paired samples, 20 cases (36.4%) showed discordance; 10 cases revealed positive conversion, and another 10 cases revealed negative conversion during metastatic progression. In primary TNBCs, PD-L1 expression was associated with a higher histologic grade, lower T category, pushing border, and higher tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte infiltration. In survival analyses, PD-L1 positivity, especially high positivity, was found to be associated with favorable prognosis of patients. Conclusion PD-L1 (SP142) expression was lower in recurrent/metastatic TNBCs, and substantial cases showed discordance in its expression between primary and recurrent/metastatic sites, suggesting that multiple sites may need to be tested for PD-L1 (SP142) when considering atezolizumab therapy. PD-L1 (SP142)–positive TNBCs seems to be associated with favorable clinical outcomes.
한은경,김중현,김진석,현창우,손동찬,정규영,AMARSANAA GANTSETSEG,이정현,최인수 한국식물분류학회 2023 식물 분류학회지 Vol.53 No.2
Paraphlomis koreana (Lamiaceae) was newly named and added to Korean flora in 2014. Paraphlomis belongs to the tribe Paraphlomideae, along with Ajugoides and Matsumurella. However, a recent study has suggested that P. koreana is morphologically similar to Matsumurella chinensis, making them difficult to distinguish from each other. Therefore, we aimed to examine the phylogenetic placement of P. koreana within the tribe and compare its genetic relationship with M. chinensis. We sequenced an additional complete plastid genome for an individual of P. koreana and generated sequences of nuclear ribosomal (nr) DNA regions of internal and external transcribed spacers (ITS and ETS) for two individuals of P. koreana. Maximum likelihood analyses based on two nrDNA regions (ITS and ETS) and four plastid DNA markers (rpl16 intron, rpl32-trnL, rps16 intron, and trnL-F) covering 13 Paraphlomis species and M. chinensis were conducted. Phylogenetic analyses concordantly supported that P. koreana forms a monophyletic group with M. chinensis. Moreover, our study revealed that P. koreana includes nrDNA sequences of M. chinensis as minor intraindividual variants, suggesting that the genetic divergence between the two taxa is incomplete and may represent intraspecific variation rather than distinct species. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the independent species status of P. koreana within Paraphlomis should be reconsidered.
Changes in Gender-Role Attitudes of 2000∼2015: Content Analysis of TV ads in South Korea
한은경,유종숙 한국광고홍보학회 2019 광고연구 Vol.0 No.120
This study aims to find to what extent and in which direction changes in gender-role attitudes have been evolved over a sixteen-year period from 2000 to 2015 by means of analyzing the types, patterns, and frequencies of characters and products viewed from TV ads in Korea. For this purpose, 4,016 TV ads viewed in the given research period have been surveyed focusing on the contents analysis of TV ads by the method of Chi-square test (a well-known instrument to determine whether a significant difference between frequencies of the expected and the observed in one or more categories exists) to verify differences of gender modality changes over time in the corresponding research period. As results, the study found that significant changes in genderroleattitudes have been occurred in the corresponding research period in Korean society. The expression of men’s patriarchal attitudes in TV ads have been rapidly decreased while roles and status of women have been increasingly improved and reinforced in terms of gender equality as well as egalitarian and liberal relationships between males and females over time during the given research period.