삼백초 Hexane 분획물의 Heterocyclic Amine 돌연변이성 조정효과

이상호,박철우,박경아,이영춘,김무남,하영래,Lee, Sang-Ho,Park, Cheol-U,Park, Gyeong-A,Lee, Yeong-Chun,Kim, Mu-Nam,Ha, Yeong-Rae 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 1998 한국환경성돌연변이·발암원학회지 Vol.18 No.1

Antimutagenic activity of Saururus chinesis (Lour.) Bail was investigated for food-borne mutagens using S. typhimurium TA98. Methanol extract from Saururus Chinesis (Lour.) Bail was fractionated into hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and butanol fractions, followed by determination of antimutagenic activity for food-borne mutagenic heterogenic amines (HCA). The hexane fraction exhibited a strong antimutagenic activity for 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline (MeIQ), 2-amino-3,4-dimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQx), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyroid[4,3-b]indole acetate (Trp-2-A); however its fraction rather enhanced the bacterial mutagenicity of 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinozaline (4,8-diMeIQx) and 2-amino-3,7,8-trimethyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoxline (7,8-diMeIQx). Active principle in the fraction was found to be two major compounds (${\gamma}$-crene B and epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrane) and 6 minor compounds (${\delta}$-caryophyllene, ${\gamma}$-elemene, ${\beta}$-cabebene, ${\delta}$-cadinene, ${\delta}$-selinene, and patchoulene). Modulation effect for the mutagenic activity of the food-borne mutagenic HCA by the fraction might be derived from a cumulative effect of each individual compounds. Hence, this hexane fraction might be use to reduce the production of mutagenic HCA during cooking process of protein-rich foods.

DMBA로 유발한 Mouse 피부암에 대한 Astaxanthin이 함유된 난황의 항암효과

이상호,박철우,이영춘,최의성,김무남,하영래,Lee, Sang-Ho,Park, Cheol-U,Lee, Yeong-Chun,Choe, Ui-Seong,Kim, Mu-Nam,Ha, Yeong-Rae 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 1998 한국환경성돌연변이·발암원학회지 Vol.18 No.1

Anticarcinogenic activity of astaxanthin-containing egg yolks (designate AEY) was investigated for 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced two stage mouse epidermal carcinogenesis. Female ICR mouse (6-7 weeks of age) were house in a humidity-and-temperature-controlled facility and subjected to feed and water ad libitum. AEY (10 mg/0.2 ml acetone) was painted on the back of mice 7 days, 3 days and 5 min before DMBA treatment (50 nmole/0.2 ml acetone). One week later after DMBA treatment, 6 ${\mu}g$ tetradecanoyl 12-phorbol 13-O-acetate (TPA) dissolved in 0.2 ml acetone was applied on the mouse twice weekly over a period of 22 weeks. No sample was given to control mice. Control egg yolk (CEY) and astaxanthin-containing oil (designate AO) from Phaffia rhodozyma were used as positive controls. Mouse treated with AEY exhibited 10 tumors per mouse whereas control mouse exhibited 15 tumors per mouse, the fact that 33% reduction of tumor per mouse by AEY treatment. Tumor incidence was also reduced to 15% by AEY treatment when compared to that of control group. Such effects were also seen in CEY and AO treatment groups, but leaser extent. AO gave reduction of food intake and body weights relative to those of AEY and CEY, indicating toxicity of AO. These results suggest that AEY exhibits anticarcinogenic activity for DMBA-induced mouse epidermal carcinogenesis.

게르마늄 엽면살포가 벼의 생육과 게르마늄 흡수에 미치는 영향

박종환(Jong-Hwan Park),서동철(Dong-Cheol Seo),김성헌(Seong-Heon Kim),이충헌(Choong-Heon Lee),이성태(Seong-Tea Lee),최정호(Jeong-Ho Choi),김홍출(Hong-Chul Kim),하영래(Yeong Rae Ha),조주식(Ju-Sik Cho),허종수(Jong-Soo Heo) 한국토양비료학회 2012 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.45 No.4

본 연구는 게르마늄의 엽면살포가 벼의 생육과 게르마늄 흡수에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 게르마늄을 엽면에 수준별로 처리하여 벼를 재배하였을 때 벼의 생육 특성 및 부위별 게르마늄 흡수량을 조사하였다. 벼에 엽면처리한 게르마늄(GeO2)액은 0(무처리), 10, 20, 40 및 80 ㎎ L?¹ (25, 50, 100 및 200 g 10a?¹)되게 조제한 후 최고분얼기, 수잉기 및 출수기에 각각 50 mL씩 분무기로 분무하였다. 게르마늄 엽면처리 농도에 따른 벼의 생육시기별 초장 및 잎수는 GeO₂ 수준별로 큰 차이 없이 비슷하였다. 벼 부위별 게르마늄 흡수율은 전반적으로 잎과 줄기가 매우 높았고, 상대적으로 뿌리는 아주 낮았다. 게르마늄 흡수율은 게르마늄 엽면처리 농도가 증가 할수록 점점 증가 하였고, Ge 80 ㎎ L?¹에서 게르마늄 흡수율은 잎과 줄기가 각각 5.75 및 4.52%로 가장 높았다. 쌀 부위별 게르마늄 흡수량은 Ge 80 ㎎ L?¹으로 처리한 pot에서 쌀겨의 경우 0.21 ㎎ pot?¹이었으며, 현미 및 백미의 경우는 각각 0.04 및 0.03 ㎎ pot?¹으로 가장 많은 흡수량을 보였다. 또한 쌀 부위별 게르마늄 흡수율은 쌀겨 >> 현미 ≥ 백미 순이었으며, 20 ㎎ L?¹으로 처리한 pot에서 가장 높은 흡수율을 보였다. 이상의 결과의 미루어 볼 때 본 게르마늄 엽면처리 조건하에서 최적 엽면처리 농도는 게르마늄의 독성이 나타나지 않으면서 부위별로 게르마늄을 가장 많이 흡수한 80 ㎎ L?¹이었으나, 게르마늄 독성범위와 게르마늄의 이행성을 고려한 최적 엽면처리 농도는 추후에 체계적인 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. To obtain the basic information for agricultural utilization of germanium (Ge), the growth characteristics and Ge absorption in rice plant were investigated under different Ge concentrations by foliar spray application. The Ge concentrations were treated with 0 (control), 10, 20, 40 and 80 ㎎ L?¹ in pot (1 5000?¹ a), respectively. The Ge absorption rate in rice by foliar spray application with 80 ㎎ L?¹ in pot was higher in the order of leaf (5.75%) > stem (4.52%) > root (<0.01%). By foliar spray application, the Ge content in rice was higher in the order of 80 ㎎ L?¹ > 40 ㎎ L?¹ > 20 ㎎ L?¹ > 10 ㎎ L?¹. When rice was treated with 80 ㎎ L?¹ of Ge, the Ge content in rice grain was higher in the order of rice bran (0.21 ㎎ pot?¹) >> brown rice (0.04 ㎎ pot?¹) ≥ polished rice (0.03 ㎎ pot?¹). By foliar spray application, the Ge uptake in rice bran was higher than that in other parts. Therefore, optimum Ge concentration by foliar spray application was 80 ㎎ L?¹ in pot based on the results from the Ge treatments.

연구보문 : 수질환경 ; 인공습지를 이용한 축산폐수처리장에서 수생식물의 생육특성과 영양염류 흡수특성

박종환 ( Jong Hwan Park ),서동철 ( Dong Cheol Seo ),김성헌 ( Seong Heon Kim ),이충헌 ( Choong Heon Lee ),최정호 ( Jeong Ho Choi ),이상원 ( Sang Won Lee ),이동진 ( Dong Jin Lee ),하영래 ( Yeong Rae Ha ),조주식 ( Ju Sik Cho ),허종수 한국환경농학회 2012 한국환경농학회지 Vol.31 No.4

BACKGROUND: Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment are vegetated by wetland plants. Wetland plants are an important component of wetlands, and the plants have several roles in relation to the livestock wastewater treatment processes. The objectives of this study were to investigate the growth characteristics and nutrient absorption of water plants in constructed wetlands for treating livestock wastewater. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, livestock wastewater treatment plant by constructed wetlands consisted of 1st water plant filtration bed, 2nd activated sludge bed, 3rd vertical flow(VF), 4th horizontal flow(HF) and 5th HF beds. Phragmites communis TRINIUS(PHRCO) was transplanted in 3rd VF bed, Iris pseudoacorus L(IRIPS) was transplanted in 4th HF bed and PHRCO, IRIPS and Typha orientalis PRESEL(THYOR) were transplanted in 5th HF. Growth of water plants in constructed wetlands were the highest in October. The IRIPS growth was higher than other plant as 264 g/plant in October. The absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by IRIS were 3.38 g/plant and 0.634 g/plant, respectively. The absorption of K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn by water plants were higher in the order of IRIPS > THYOR > PHRCO. CONCLUSION(S): The absorption of nutrients by water plants were higher on the order of IRIPS > THYOR > PHRCO in constructed wetlands for treating livestock wastewater.

연구보문 : 수질환경 ; 활성슬러지-인공습지 공법에 의한 돈사폐수처리시스템에서 오염물질의 분획별 정화효율 평가

김성헌 ( Seong Heon Kim ),서동철 ( Dong Cheol Seo ),박종환 ( Jong Hwan Park ),이충헌 ( Choong Heon Lee ),최정호 ( Jeong Ho Choi ),김홍출 ( Hong Chul Kim ),하영래 ( Yeong Rae Ha ),조주식 ( Ju Sik Cho ),허종수 ( Jong Soo Heo ) 한국환경농학회 2012 한국환경농학회지 Vol.31 No.4

BACKGROUND: To design and develop a constructed wetland for effective livestock wastewater treatment, it is necessary to understand the removal mechanisms of various types of pollutants in constructed wetlands. The objective of this study was to evaluate the treatment efficiency of pollutants under different types of fraction in constructed wetland system for treating piggery wastewater. METHODS AND RESULTS: The piggery wastewater treatment plant that consisted of activated sludge tank, aerobic and anaerobic beds was constructed. The concentration of COD(Chemical oxygen demand) in effluent by fraction was 71.5 mg/L for soluble COD, 142 mg/L insoluble COD. The concentration of SS(Suspended solid) in effluent by existing form was 102 mg/L for volatile SS, 15.5 mg/L for fixed SS. The concentration of T-N(Total nitrogen) and T-P(Total phosphorus) in effluent by existing form were 12.8 mg/L and 3.05 mg/L for dissolved form, 35.0 mg/L and 1.93 mg/L for suspended form. The removal efficiencies of COD, SS, T-N and T-P in hot season(summer and autumn) were higher than those in cold season(spring and winter). The removal efficiencies of COD, SS, T-N and T-P in effluent were 98.0, 99.0, 98.2 and 99.2% for all seasons, respectively. CONCLUSION(S): The results indicated that removal types of pollutants were insoluble COD(ICOD), volatile SS(VSS), dissolved T-N(DTN) and dissolved T-P(DTP) in constructed wetlands for treating piggery wastewater.

인공습지 축산폐수처리장에서 주입방법에 따른 오염물질의 제거속도 평가

김성헌(Seong-Heon Kim),서동철(Dong-Cheol Seo),박종환(Jong-Hwan Park),이충헌(Choong-Heon Lee),이성태(Seong-Tea Lee),정태욱(Tae-Uk Jeong),김홍출(Hong-Chul Kim),하영래(Yeong Rae Ha),조주식(Ju-Sik Cho),허종수(Jong-Soo Heo) 한국토양비료학회 2012 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.45 No.2

자연정화공법을 이용한 축산폐수처리장에서 주입부하량에 따른 대응성을 평가하기 위해 주입방법에 따른 수처리효율 결과를 이용하여 오염물질의 처리경향을 파악하고, 이를 토대로 설계 및 시공시 부지면적 감소와 오염물질의 처리효율 극대화를 위한 기초자료를 제시하기 위하여 주입방법에 따른 오염물질의 제거속도를 조사하였다. 축산폐수처리장에서 시기별 주입방법에 따른 수처리 효율을 조사한 결과 최종 5차 방류수에서 COD, SS, T-N 및 T-P의 처리효율은 연속적 주입의 경우는 각각 99.5%, 99.8%, 99.0% 및 99.8%였으며, 간헐적 주입의 경우는 99.2%, 99.5%, 98.5% 및 99.3%로서 상대적으로 연속적 주입이 간헐적 주입보다 높은 처리효율을 보였다. 축산폐수처리장에서 주입방법에 따른 오염물질의 제거속도 K (day<SUP>-1</SUP>)는 축산폐수 주입방법을 연속적 및 간헐적으로 구분하여 각 방법에 따른 COD, SS, T-N 및 T-P의 제거속도를 각각 조사하였으며, 각 오염 물질의 제거속도는 ln(C/C0) = -Kt의 1차 반응속도식을 이용하였다. COD 제거상수(K)는 연속적 주입의 경우 1차, 2차, 3차, 4차 및 5차 처리조에서 각각 0.210, 0.086, 0.222, 0.053 및 0.137 d<SUP>-1</SUP>이었고, 간헐적 주입의 경우 0.377, 0.129, 0.174, 0.052 및 0.169 d<SUP>-1</SUP>였다. 그리고 T-N의 제거속도 상수(K)는 연속적 주입의 경우 1차, 2차, 3차, 4차 및 5차 처리조에서 각각0.235, 0.071, 0.171, 0.058 및 0.126d<SUP>-1</SUP>이었고, 간헐적 주입의 경우0.361, 0.121, 0.109, 0.047 및 0.155 d<SUP>-1</SUP>이었다. T-P의 제거속도 상수(K)는 연속적 주입의 경우 1차, 2차, 3차, 4차 및 5차 처리조에서 각각 0.572, 0.049, 0.090, 0.112 및 0.222 d<SUP>-1</SUP>이었고, 간헐적 주입의 경우 0.803, 0.084, 0.076, 0.118 및 0.301 d<SUP>-1</SUP>였다. 이상의 결과를 미루어 볼때 제거속도는 연속적 주입이 간헐적 주입에 비해 빠른 경향이었으며, 본 현장 축산폐수처리장은 축산폐수 유입 부하량 변동과 순간 부하량에 대한 대응성이 우수한 것으로 판단된다. In order to effectively treat livestock wastewater in constructed wetlands by natural purification method, removal velocities of pollutants under different injection methods in constructed wetlands were investigated. The removal velocities of chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solid (SS), T-N and T-P by continuous injection method were slightly rapid than those by intermittent injection method in full-scale livestock wastewater treatment plant. The removal velocity (K; day<SUP>-1</SUP>) of COD by continuous injection method was 0.38 d<SUP>-1</SUP> for <SUP>1st</SUP> bed, 0.13 d<SUP>-1</SUP> for <SUP>2nd</SUP> bed, 0.17 d<SUP>-1</SUP> for <SUP>3rd</SUP> bed, 0.05 d<SUP>-1</SUP> for <SUP>4th</SUP> bed and 0.17 d<SUP>-1</SUP> for <SUP>5th</SUP> bed. The removal velocities (K; day<SUP>-1</SUP>) of COD in <SUP>1st</SUP>, <SUP>2nd</SUP>, <SUP>3rd</SUP>, <SUP>4th</SUP> and <SUP>5th</SUP> beds by intermittent injection method were 0.210 d<SUP>-1</SUP>, 0.086 d<SUP>-1</SUP>, 0.222 d<SUP>-1</SUP>, 0.053 d<SUP>-1</SUP> and 0.137 d<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. The removal velocity (K; day<SUP>-1</SUP>) of SS by continuous injection method was 0.750 d<SUP>-1</SUP> for <SUP>1st</SUP> bed, 0.108 d<SUP>-1</SUP> for <SUP>2nd</SUP> bed, 0.120 d<SUP>-1</SUP> for <SUP>3rd</SUP> bed, 0.086 d<SUP>-1</SUP> for <SUP>4th</SUP> bed and 0.292 d<SUP>-1</SUP> for <SUP>5th</SUP> bed. The removal velocities (K; day<SUP>-1</SUP>) of SS in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th beds by intermittent injection method were 0.485 d<SUP>-1</SUP>, 0.056 d<SUP>-1</SUP>, 0.174 d<SUP>-1</SUP>, 0.081 d<SUP>-1</SUP> and 0.227 d<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. The removal velocity (K; day<SUP>-1</SUP>) of T-N by continuous injection method was 0.361 d<SUP>-1</SUP> for <SUP>1st</SUP> bed, 0.121 d<SUP>-1</SUP> for <SUP>2nd</SUP> bed, 109 d<SUP>-1</SUP> for <SUP>3rd</SUP> bed, 0.047 d<SUP>-1</SUP> for <SUP>4th</SUP> bed and 0.155 d<SUP>-1</SUP> for <SUP>5th</SUP> bed. The removal velocities (K; day<SUP>-1</SUP>) of T-N in <SUP>1st</SUP>, <SUP>2nd</SUP>, <SUP>3rd</SUP>, <SUP>4th</SUP> and <SUP>5th</SUP> beds by intermittent injection method were 0.235 d<SUP>-1</SUP>, 0.071 d<SUP>-1</SUP>, 0.171 d<SUP>-1</SUP>, 0.058 d<SUP>-1</SUP> and 0.126 d<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. The removal velocity (K; day<SUP>-1</SUP>) of T-P by continuous injection method was 0.803 d<SUP>-1</SUP> for <SUP>1st</SUP> bed, 0.084 d<SUP>-1</SUP> for <SUP>2nd</SUP> bed, 0.076 d<SUP>-1</SUP> for <SUP>3rd</SUP> bed, 0.118 d<SUP>-1</SUP> for <SUP>4th</SUP> bed and 0.301 d<SUP>-1</SUP> for <SUP>5th</SUP> bed. The removal velocities (K; day<SUP>-1</SUP>) of T-P in <SUP>1st</SUP>, <SUP>2nd</SUP>, <SUP>3rd</SUP>, <SUP>4th</SUP> and <SUP>5th</SUP> beds by intermittent injection method were 0.572 d<SUP>-1</SUP>, 0.049 d<SUP>-1</SUP>, 0.090 d<SUP>-1</SUP>, 0.112 d<SUP>-1</SUP> and 0.222 d<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively.

질소 및 인 함유 폐양액 처리를 위한 최적 인공습지 시스템 선정

박종환(Jong-Hwan Park),서동철(Dong-Cheol Seo),서동철(Dong-Cheol Seo),서동철(Dong-Cheol Seo),최정호(Jeong-Ho Choi),김홍출(Hong-Chul Kim),이상원(Sang-Won Lee),하영래(Yeong Rae Ha),조주식(Ju-Sik Cho),허종수(Jong-Soo Heo) 한국토양비료학회 2012 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.45 No.5

질소 및 인 함유 폐양액 처리를 위한 최적 인공습지 시스템을 선정하기 위해 처리조의 연결방식을 달리하여 최적 system을 선정하였고, 선정된 최적조건하에서 폐양액 부하량에 대한 적응성을 평가하였다. 현장 폐양액처리장에서 시스템별 정화효율을 평가한 결과 system A의 BOD, COD, SS, T-N 및 T-P의 처리효율은 각각 88, 77, 94, 54 및 94%로서 다른 시스템에 비해 가장 높은 정화효율을 보였다. 현장 폐양액처리장에서 폐양액 부하량별 수처리 효율을 조사한 결과 system A의 BOD, COD, SS, T-N 및 T-P의 처리효율은 폐양액 부하량에 따라 별 차이 없이 각각 87-89, 76-79, 93-94, 52-55 및 91-94%로 전반적으로 높고 안정적으로 처리되었다. 하지만 T-N의 처리효율은 55% 정도 수준으로 폐수배출기준을 안정적으로 만족하기 위해서는 질소 처리효율을 좀 더 향상시킬 필요가 있을 것으로 판단된다. In order to develop constructed wetlands for treating hydroponic wastewater in greenhouse, actual constructed wetlands were used the obtained optimum condition in previous study, and the removal rate of pollutant in the water according to 4 kinds connection method of piping such as system A (UP-UP stream), system B (UP-DOWN system), system C (DOWN-UP stream) and system D (DOWN-DOWN stream) were investigated. Removal rate of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorus (T-P) by system A (UP-UP stream) connection method in actual constructed wetlands were slightly higher than other systems. At the system A, the removal rate of BOD, COD, SS, T-N and T-P were 88, 77, 94, 54 and 94%, respectively. Under different hydroponic wastewater loading, the removal rates of pollutants were higher in the order of 75 L m<SUP>-2</SUP> day<SUP>-1</SUP> ≒ 150 L m<SUP>-2</SUP> day<SUP>-1</SUP> ?300 L m<SUP>-2</SUP> day<SUP>-1</SUP>. Therefore, optimum connection method was system A for treating hydroponic wastewater in greenhouse.