소아 Henoch-$Sch{\ddot{o}}nlein$ 자반증에서의 항호중구 항체

최지나,신재일,이재승,김현숙,Choi, Ji-Na,Shin, Jae-Il,Lee, Jae-Seung,Kim, Hyon-Suk 대한소아신장학회 2008 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.12 No.2

목 적 : Henoch-$Sch{\ddot{o}}nlein$ 자반증에서 항호중구 항체에 대한 외국의 여러 논문이 있었으나 이들은 대조적인 연구결과를 보였고, 국내에서는 Henoch-$Sch{\ddot{o}}nlein$ 자반증 환아를 대상으로 한 항호중구 항체의 연구가 없었다. 따라서 한국 소아 Henoch-$Sch{\ddot{o}}nlein$ 자반증에서 항호중구 항체의 임상적인 의의를 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 2007년 5월부터 2008년 8월까지 신촌 세브란스병원 소아과에 내원하여 Henoch-$Sch{\ddot{o}}nlein$ 자반증으로 진단받은 30명의 환아들을 대상으로 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하여 분석하였고, 일반적인 특징으로 나이, 성별, 자반증 등의 증상등을 조사하였다. 검사 소견으로는 백혈구수, 혈소판수, 혈침 속도, Anti-streptolysin O titer, 대변 잠혈 검사, 혈청 면역 글로불린(IgG, IgA, IgM), 혈청 보체(C3, C4), 항핵 항체, 항호중구 항체(c-ANCA, p-ANCA)를 조사하였다. 결 과 : 총 30명의 환아중 남자가 13명, 여자가 17명이었고 평균 연령은 6.0${\pm}$1.9세(범위: 5-12세)였다. 자반은 모든 환아(100%)에서 관찰되었고, 복통은 20 명(67%), 관절통은 17명(57%), 신침범은 11명(37%)에서 관찰되었다. Anti-streptolysin O titer는 검사한 환아 15명 중 1명(7%)에서 증가된 소견을 보었고, 혈청 IgA 수치는 모든 환아에서 증가되지 않았다. 간접면역형광법으로 시행한 항호중구 항체 검사에는 오직 한 명(3%)에서만 p-ANCA가 약양성 소견을 보였으나 이는 추적 검사시 음성으로 전환되었고 나머지 환아에서는 c-ANCA, p-ANCA가 모두 음성 소견을 보였다. 결 론 : 항호중구 항체는 소아 Henoch-$Sch{\ddot{o}}nlein$ 자반증에서 진단적 혹은 면역학적으로 특이한 검사소견은 아닌 것으로 보이며, 이는 항호중구 항체가 소아 Henoch-$Sch{\ddot{o}}nlein$ 자반증의 병인과 연관성이 없음을 암시한다. Purpose : There have been some reports on the prevalence of positive antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA) in Henoch-$Sch{\ddot{o}}nlein$ purpura(HSP), but the results were conflicting. We performed this study to evaluate the clinical significance of ANCA(c-ANCA and p-ANCA) in Korean children with HSP. Methods : The medical records of 30 patients(13 boys and 17 girls) aged 6.0$\pm$1.9(5-12) years with a clinical diagnosis of HSP based on the EULAR/PReS criteria were reviewed retrospectively. From the years 2007 to 2008, the sera from children with acute HSP were tested for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies(ANCA). The target antigens of these autoantibodies are proteinase 3(c-ANCA) or myeloperoxidase(p-ANCA). Results : Palpable purpura was seen in all 30 patients(100%), abdominal pain in 20(67%), arthralgia in 17(57%), and renal involvement in 11(37%). Laboratory findings showed leukocytosis in 4 patients(13%), thrombocytosis 18 in(60%), and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate in 18(60%). Anti-streptolysin O titers were elevated in 7% of the patients and no patient showed elevation of serum IgA level. The sera from 29 patients were negative for c-ANCA and p-ANCA by indirect immunofluorescence, but only one patient had weakly positive results, which became negative at follow-up. Conclusions : We conclude that c-ANCA or p-ANCA is not an important serologic marker in children with HSP, because it was neither diagnostically nor immunologically specific in children with HSP. These results suggest that ANCA are not involved in the pathogenesis of HSP in children.

국방주요정보통신기반시설 중심의 정보보호기술구조 연구

최지나,남길현,Choi, Ji-Na,Nam, Kil-Hyun 한국군사과학기술학회 2006 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this thesis is to research and propose a practical Information Security Technical Architecture on Primary Defense Information Infrastructure with regard to requirement of information security. The scope of this research is limited to national defense information master plan & security rule, and U.S. DoD's IATF is used to plan a detailed structure. The result of this research can be used as a guide book for providing security for Army IT infrastructure now and in the future as well as to devise a plan for research and development in information protection technology.

Sn-0.7Cu-xZn와 OSP 표면처리 된 기판의 솔더접합부의 고속 전단강도에 미치는 Zn의 영향

최지나,방제오,정승부,Choi, Ji-Na,Bang, Jae-Oh,Jung, Seung-Boo 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2017 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.24 No.1

본 연구에서는 Sn-0.7Cu-xZn 무연솔더와 OSP 표면처리 된 솔더접합부의 전단강도를 Zn 함유량에 따라 평가하였다. 다섯 종류의 Sn-0.7Cu-xZn (x=0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 wt.%) 솔더페이스트를 제작한 뒤, OSP(organic solderability preservative) 표면처리 한 PCB(printed circuit board) 기판의 전극에 리플로우 공정으로 180 um 직경의 솔더볼을 형성하였다. 전단강도는 두 가지 조건의 전단속도(0.01, 0.1 m/s)로 고속전단시험(high speed shear test)을 통해 측정하였고, 고속전단시험 시에 측정된 F-x(Force-distance) curve를 통해 파괴에너지(fracture energy)를 계산하였다, SEM(주사전자현미경, scanning electron microscopy)과 EDS(energy dispersive spectroscopy) 분석을 통하여 단면과 파단면을 관찰하였고, 금속간 화합물(intermetallic compound, IMC) 층을 분석하였다. Zn 함유량이 증가함에 따라 금속간 화합물 층의 두께는 감소하였고, Zn 함유량이 0.5 wt.%일 때 가장 높은 전단 강도(shear strength)를 나타내었다. 전체적으로 높은 전단속도 조건의 전단강도 값이 낮은 전단속도 조건의 전단강도보다 높았다. We investigated effect of Zn content on shear strengh of Sn-0.7Cu-xZn and OSP surface finished solder joints. Five pastes of Sn-0.7Cu-xZn (x=0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 wt.%) solders were fabricated by mixing of solder powder and flux using planatary mixer. $180{\mu}m$ diameter solder balls were formed on OSP surface finished Cu electrodes by screen print method, and the reflow process was performed. The shear strength was evaluated with two high shear speeds; 0.01 and 0.1 m/s. The thickness of the intermetallic compound(IMC) layer was decreased with increasing Zn content in Sn-0.7Cu-xZn solder. The highest shear strength was 3.47 N at the Zn content of 0.5 wt.%. As a whole, the shear strength at condition of 0.1 m/s was higher than that of 0.01 m/s because of impact stress. Fracture energies were calculated by F-x (Force-displacement) curve during high speed shear test and the tendency of fracture energy and that of shear strength were good agreement each other. Fracture took place within solder matrix at lower Zn content, and fracture occured near the interface of OSP surface finished Cu electrode and solder at higher Zn content.

열압착 접합 조건에 따른 경·연성 인쇄회로기판 간 Sn-58Bi 무연솔더 접합부의 기계적 특성

최지나,고민관,이상민,정승부,Choi, Ji-Na,Ko, Min-Kwan,Lee, Sang-Min,Jung, Seung-Boo 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2013 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.20 No.2

We investigated the optimum bonding conditions for thermo-compression bonding of electrodes between flexible printed circuit board(FPCB) and rigid printed circuit board(RPCB) with Sn-58Bi solder as interlayer. In order to figure out the optimum bonding conditions, peel test of FPCB/RPCB joint was conducted. The peel strength was affected by the bonding conditions, such as temperature and time. The fracture energies were calculated through F-x (Force-displacement) curve during peel test and the relationships between bonding conditions and fracture behaviors were investigated. The optimum condition for the thermo-compression bonding with Sn-58Bi solder was found to be temperature of $195^{\circ}C$ and time of 7 s. 본 연구에서는 Sn-58Bi 솔더를 이용한 경성 인쇄 회로 기판 (Rigid printed circuit board, RPCB)과 연성 인쇄회로 기판 (Flexible printed circuit board, FPCB) 간의 열압착 접합 시, 접합 조건에 따른 기계적 특성에 대하여 연구하였다. 접합 온도와 접합 시간을 변수로 열압착 접합을 실시하여 $90^{\circ}$ 필 테스트(Peel test)를 통해 접합 강도를 측정하고, 단면과 파단면을 관찰하였다. 접합 온도가 증가할수록 접합 강도가 증가하였으며, 접합 시간에 따른 접합 강도의 변화 또한 관찰할 수 있었다. 접합 시간이 증가하면서 접합부의 파괴에 영향을 미치는 요인이 솔더 층에서 금속간 화합물(Intermetallic compound, IMC) 층으로 변화하는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 필 테스트 과정의 F-x(Force-distance) curve를 통해 파괴 에너지를 계산하여 금속간 화합물이 접합 강도에 미치는 영향을 평가하였으며, 본 연구에서 $195^{\circ}C$, 7초 조건이 접합 강도와 파괴 에너지가 가장 높게 나타나는 최적 접합 조건으로 도출되었다.

The DPRK’s Triple Disaster: Failure of Governance, Flooding, and Drought

최지나(Jina Choi) 한국문화융합학회 2020 문화와 융합 Vol.42 No.4

북한에서는 많은 인권 침해 행위들이 여전히 만연하는 가운데, 북한주민들은 반복되는 자연재해로 인해 더욱 고통 받고 있다. 이는 종종 심각한 인권위기를 초래하는 상황으로 이어진다. 북한정권이 재난이후 상황을 적절히 대응하지 못함에 따라 반복되어지는 자연재해에 대한 취약성은 더욱 증가 하는 현실이다. 본 논문은 나쁜 거버넌스로 인해 반복적으로 발생해온 자연재해, 즉 홍수와 가뭄과 같은 재난으로부터 발생한 인도주의의 위기현상들을 분석한다. 또한, 본 논문은 2018년부터 2019년 사이의 최근 홍수와 가뭄으로 인해 발생한 인도주의의 위기현상에 대한 북한내부 및 국제사회의 대응들을 분석한다. 그렇게 함으로써, 본 논문은 현재 북한정권이 국제사회의 원조활동들에만 크게 의존하는 경향이 있는 반면, 재난에 영향을 받는 북한주민들을 적절하게 지원하거나 재난대응의 능력이 현저히 부족하다는 점을 주장한다. 실제로, 현재 북한정권은 국제사회 인도주의의 지원활동에 대해 부정적인 입장을 취하거나 허용하지 않음으로써 국제사회 인도주의 지원활동 전반에 부정적인 효과를 낳고 있다. 따라서, 북한정권은 재난 후 대응 거버넌스를 개선하는데 상당한 노력을 기울여야할 뿐만 아니라, 동시에 향후 재난에 영향을 받을 더 많은 북한주민들의 생명들을 구할 수 있도록 국제사회의 구호 활동을 더 많이 허용해야 할 필요성이 있다. The citizens of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), already enduring many human rights violations, further suffer because of recurrent natural disasters, which have often led to humanitarian crises. Vulnerability to these disasters has increased as the DPRK regime has continually failed to manage post-disaster situations adequately. This paper examines humanitarian crises in the DPRK in the aftermath of recurrent natural disasters such as floods and droughts, which have largely arisen from bad governance. This paper further examines both domestic and international responses to the humanitarian crises arising from the floods and droughts that occurred between 2018 and 2019. This examination explores how the DPRK regime has tended to rely heavily on the aid operations of international humanitarian organizations because it would otherwise lack the capacity to adequately assist disaster-affected citizens. This paper argues that the regime’s current policy has nonetheless been counterproductive in relation to international humanitarian assistance in the region. The DPRK should reconsider its policy by making a considerable effort to improve post-disaster governance and allowing greater access to international humanitarian operations so that more disaster- affected citizens can be saved in future crises.

이산화탄소 전환기술의 전과정평가 활용 방안

최지나(Jina Choi),안진주(Jinjoo An) 한국에너지기후변화학회 2020 한국에너지기후변화학회 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.11

꽃 이미지의 아트(Art) 메이크-업

최지나(Ji-Na Choi) 한국인체미용예술학회 2000 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.1 No.-

  Nature has given unlimited meanings to human beings and has been a lasting object for observation and expression.<BR>  Especially flowers have beauty of shapes and architects that erupt endless impulse for beauty to us.<BR>  Flowers are the most beautiful creatures that have harmony and order as well as having own beauty and life. Modern scientific culture made humans mechanical and uniform, which had given human beings an opportunity to initiate with nature.<BR>  With this in mind, I attempted to make Art make-up add little spice to our mind by using flowers.<BR>  Purpose of this study is to make Art make-up the creative work, not just ornament. In this intention, eight pieces of Art face painting were used based on flower image. Materials used for Art make-up were real and artificial flowers.<BR>  Matching materials with flowers like bags, basket, oriental papers and laces were also used. Make up materials for face were foundation, aqua-color, powder, peal powder, artificial color eyebrows and color pencils etc.<BR>  For Art make-up, flowers were expressed in abstract and concrete way. The conclusion of this thesis were as follows.<BR>  First, shapes and muscles of a face were critical for expression of Art make-up. Therefore, the shape of Art make-up expression and face has to harmonize each other.<BR>  Second, various objects and techniques for Art make-up could express endless creativity.<BR>  Third, flowers with beauty and liveliness could be applied to Art make-up and also it could provide strong impact of beauty.<BR>  Theoretical background of this study are theory and concept of make up, art make and flowers, and the Art make-up was applied to human face based on this theoretical background.<BR>  Finally, by moving away from the conventional make up, various techniques and methods could be approached to Art make-up.<BR>  I wish Art make-up should have its own positioning through endless changes and creative works.

항공사 객실승무원의 심리적 주인의식이 직무열의와 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향

최지나(Choi, Jina),김영하(Kim, Youngha),박윤주(Park, Yunjoo) 한국서비스경영학회 2018 서비스경영학회지 Vol.19 No.2

This study is about psychological ownership of cabin crew which is to verify the effects on job engagement and organization citizenship behavior. The data were collected from the valid questionnaires completed by 205 cabin crew members of Korean air. The results show that the cabin crew’s psychological ownership of the organization has positive effects on devotion and dedication of job engagement. The cabin crew’s psychological ownership of the job has positive effects on dedication, vigor and absorption of job engagement. The cabin crew’s vigor and absorption of job engagement have a positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior. This paper conveys the importance of psychological ownership for cabin crew to lead the job engagement and organizational citizenship behavior for the company and it provides academic and practical implications.

CO₂ 활용 기술의 감축량 산정 방법 및 주요 이슈

최지나(Jina Choi) 한국에너지기후변화학회 2023 한국에너지기후변화학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.5

이산화탄소 전환 (CCU) 기술의 온실가스 감축 효과 분석 방법

최지나(Jina Choi),안진주(Jinjoo An) 한국에너지기후변화학회 2018 에너지기후변화학회지 Vol.13 No.2

This work reviewed the present status of national greenhouse gas(GHG) reduction management system and the GHG emission & reduction accounting methods for analysis of GHG reduction effect of CCU technology. There is no GHG reduction accounting methodology for CCU technology that can be certified as Korean Offset Credits (KOC) under current Emission Trading Scheme (ETS). Meanwhile, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is frequently used methodology for GHG emission reduction analysis of CCU technology. We examined the LCA methodology for evaluating the GHG emission reduction and other environmental impacts of CCU technology and also proposed key issues and necessary policy support for accurate national LCA evaluation system.