미소경도 측정에 의한 590DP강 Subsurface Zone 내 수소취성 평가

최종운,박재우,강계명,Choi, Jong-Un,Park, Jae-Woo,Kang, Kae-Myung 한국재료학회 2011 한국재료학회지 Vol.21 No.11

This study describes a hydrogen embrittlement evaluation of the subsurface zone in 590DP steel by micro-Vickers hardness measurement. The 590DP steel was designed to use in high-strength thin steel sheets as automotive materials. The test specimens were fabricated to 5 series varying the chemical composition through the process of casting and rolling. Electrochemical hydrogen charging was conducted on each specimen with varying current densities and charging times. The relationship between the embrittlement and hydrogen charging conditions was established by investigating the metallography. The micro-Vickers hardness was measured to evaluate the hydrogen embrittlement of the subsurface zone in addition to the microscopic investigation. The micro-Vickers hardness increased with the charging time at the surface. However, the changing ratio and maximum variation of hardness with depth were nearly the same value for each test specimen under the current density of 150 mA/$cm^2$ and charging time of 50 hours. Consequently, it appears that hydrogen embrittlement in 590DP steel can be evaluated by micro-Vickers hardness measurement.

레디알 전력 결합기를 이용한 고출력 증폭기

최종운 ( Jong-un Choi ),윤영철 ( Young-chul Yoon ),김영 ( Young Kim ) 한국항행학회 2017 韓國航行學會論文誌 Vol.21 No.6

본 논문은 삽입 손실이 작은 레디알 전력 결합기를 이용하여 낮은 전력의 증폭기 8개를 결합하여 고출력 증폭기를 구현한 것이다. 구현된 레디알 전력 결합기는 8개의 입력 포트를 갖고 있는 비공진형 특성을 갖고 있으며 마이크로스트립으로 구현하였고, 1.045 GHz 동작 주파수에서 확인한 결합기의 특성은 삽입손실 0.7 dB, 반사손실 12 dB 이상을 얻었다. 또한, 사용된 낮은 전력의 증폭기는 AFT27S010NT1 트랜지스터를 이용하여 설계하였으며, 동작 주파수에서 동일한 이득, 위상 및 일정한 출력 특성을 만족하도록 설계하였다. 제작된 레디알 전력 결합기와 8 W 출력의 드라이브 증폭기를 이용하여 낮은 전력의 증폭기 8개 구동시켜서 결합한 고출력 증폭기는 1.045 GHz 동작 주파수에서 33 W의 출력 특성을 얻었다. 또한, 낮은 전력 증폭기가 고장이 발생했을 때 레디알 결합기를 이용한 증폭기의 출력특성이 점진적으로 열화되는 결과를 확인하였다. This paper describes a high power amplifier combining eight low power amplifiers using a radial power combiner with low insertion loss. The radial power combiner is a non-resonant type combiner with 8 input ports and is implemented by microstrip transmission line. The combiner characteristics designed at operating frequency of 1.045 GHz have an insertion loss of 0.7 dB and a return loss of more than 12 dB. Also, the low power amplifier used was designed with AFT27S010NT1 transistor and designed to satisfy the same gain, phase and constant output characteristic at operating frequency. The high power amplifier, which combiners the radial power combiner and the drive amplifier of 8 W output by driving low power amplifiers obtained the output characteristic of 33 W at operating frequency of 1.045 GHz. Also, the change of the output characteristic of the amplifier using the radial combiner was graceful degradation when the low power amplifier failed one by one.

2종 전해질 분위기하 수소주입된 TRIP 강의 수소취성

최종운(Jong-Un Choi),이상욱(Sang-Wook Lee),이경민(Kyung-Min Lee),강계명(Kae-Myung Kang) 한국가스학회 2015 한국가스학회지 Vol.19 No.1

0.5M H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> 전해질과 0.5M NaOH 전해질 분위기하에서 전기화학적방법으로 수소주입시킨 TRIP 강의 수소주입과 수소침투에 따른 취성화 정도를 미소경도값의 변화로 조사하여, 각각의 전해질에 따른 취성화의 정도를 비교, 분석하였다. 실험결과, 2 종의 전해질에서 수소취성화의 정도는 산성전해질이 알칼리성전해질보다 수소침투와 확산에 더욱 민감한 것으로 조사되었다. 그러나 산성전해질이 알칼리성전해질에 비하여 빠른 수소침투의 영향으로 표면하 미소경도값이 높게 조사되었고, 두 전해질 모두에서 표면하 수소침투효과는 큰 것으로 나타났다. Subsurface zone에서의 수소취성화의 정도는 산성전해질의 경우 전류밀도의 영향보다는 주입시간이, 알칼리성 전해질의 경우 주입시간보다는 전류밀도가 수소취성화에 주요 인자로 생각되었다. The hydrogen was charged TRIP steel by electrochemical method under 0.5M H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> electrolyte and 0.5M NaOH electrolyte with hydrogen charging conditions respectively. The degree of hydrogen embrittlement of TRIP steel was evaluated by using micro Vickers hardness tests. These results showed that the degree of hydrogen embrittlement in acidic electrolyte with hydrogen penetration and hydrogen diffusion through the depth of specimen was more sensitive than its alkaine electrolyte between two type electrolytes. However, it was investigated that micro Vickers hardnesses of surface in acidic electrolyte under two electrolyte were higher than those of alkaine electrolyte. It was thought that in case of hydrogen embrittlement in acidice electrolyte, hydrogen charging time was more effective than current density, in case of alkaine electrolyte, hydrogen current density was more effective than charaging time.

수소장입시킨 590 MPa DP강의 표면층 물성변화에 관한 수소의 영향

최종운(Jong-Un Choi),박재우(Jae-Woo Park),강계명(Kae-Myung Kang) 한국표면공학회 2013 한국표면공학회지 Vol.46 No.3

It was investigated that the effects of hydrogen charging on the properties of 590 MPa Dual Phase(DP) steels at the surface layers. The hydrogen-charging time was changed from 5 to 50 hours and current densities from 100, 150, and 200 mA/cm², respectively. It was found that the hydrogen content in the specimen was increased with as the charging time and the current density. The microvickers hardness of the subsurface zone was increased from 215.3 HV to 239.5 HV due to the increase in current density and charging time. The comparison of the absorbed energies tested by a small-punch (SP) test showed that the absorbed energy of the specimen was greatly reduced from 436 to 283 kgf-mm² because of hydrogen embrittlement. It was confirmed that bulb aspects of fracture surface became more brittle with increasing hydrogen content.

소형펀치시험에 의한 TRIP강의 수소 지연파괴 거동

최종운(Jong-Un Choi),박재우(Jae-Woo Park),강계명(Kae-Myung Kang) 한국표면공학회 2013 한국표면공학회지 Vol.46 No.1

The strain-induced phase transformation from austenite to martensite is responsible for the high strength and ductility of TRIP steels. However high strength steels are susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of hydrogen on the behavior of hydrogen delayed fracture in TRIP steel with hydrogen charging conditions. The electrochemical hydrogen charging was conducted at each specimen with varying current density and charging time. The relationship between hydrogen concentration and mechanical properties of TRIP steel was established by SP test and SEM fractography. The maximum loads and displacements of the TRIP steel in SP test decreased with increasing hydrogen charging time. The results of SEM fractography investigation revealed typical brittle mode of failure. Thus it was concluded that hydrogen delayed fracture in TRIP steel result from the diffusion of hydrogen through the α’ phase.

소형펀치시험에 의한 5종의 고강도 DP강 수소취성 평가

최종운(Jong-Un Choi),한경구(Kyung-Gu Han),박재우(Jae-Woo Park),강계명(Kae-Myung Kang) 한국가스학회 2014 한국가스학회지 Vol.18 No.5

전기화학적 방법으로 수소 주입시킨 5종의 고강도 DP강의 수소취성화 정도를 소형펀치시험으로 평가하였다. SP시험 후 SP흡수에너지는, 200 mA/cm2 전류밀도 조건의 DP5 시험편에서 수소주입시간이 5hr에서 50hr으로 증가함에 따라 363 kgf-mm에서 209 kgf-mm로 현저히 저하되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 전류밀도와 수소주입시간의 증가에 따라 수소주입량과 SP에너지 저하는 선형적인 상관관계를 갖는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 SP시험에 의해 생성된 bulb의 높이 변화는 1.79 mm에서 1.59 mm로 낮아지는 것으로 조사되었다. 이는 앞서의 SP 흡수에너지 결과와 유사한 경향으로 나타나, 수소취성평가의 지표로 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다. 균열 파단부위의 SEM 관찰에서 수소주입량 증가에 따라 파단면은 취성파면 형태로 진행되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. The hydrogen embrittlement degree of 5 type high strength DP steel charged with hydrogen by electrochemical method was evaluated by small punch test(SP test). After SP test, SP absorbed energy was remarkably decreased from 363 kgf-mm to 209 kgf-mm with increasing hydrogen charging time from 5hr to 50hr at DP5 specimen under the 200 mA/cm2 current density condition. It was investigated that the decrease of hydrogen charging amount and SP absorbed energy according to the increase of current density and hydrogen charging time had a linear relationship. And it also investigated that the change of bulb height appeared by the SP test was decreased from 1.79mm to 1.59mm with the hydrogen charging conditions. It was supposed that it could be used as indicator of the evaluation of hydrogen embrittlement because of the similar trend of the formal results of SP absorbed energy. From the SEM observation of fracture area by crack in bulb, the morphology of fracture surface according to increasement of the hydrogen charging amount was varied with the cleavage mode.

Cu-TiB₂ 복합재료의 마모거동에 관한 연구

김정남,최종운,강계명,Kim Jung-Nam,Choi Jong-Un,Kang Kae-Myung 한국재료학회 2005 한국재료학회지 Vol.15 No.1

The titanium $diboride(TiB_2)$ has high strength(750MPa), high melting point $(3225^{\circ}C)\;and\;10\%$ IACS electrical conductivity. On this account, the dispersion hardening $Cu-TiB_2$ composites(MMCs) are a promising candidate for applications as electrical contact materials. MMCs for electrical contact materials can reduce material cost and resource consumption caused by wear, due to its good mechanical and electrical property. In this study, we attempt to prepare MMCs with various volume fraction and particle size of $TiB_2$ by means of hot extruded and cold drawn process. Dry sliding wear tests were performed on a pin-on-disk type wear tester, sliding against SM45C under the different applied loads. After wear testing, the microstructures of the worn surfaces were observed by SEM and the microhardnesses of the subsurface zone were measured.

Replica법에 의한 X20CrMoV12.1강 용접부의 비파괴 평가

강계명,최종운,Kang Kae Myung,Choi Jong Un 한국재료학회 2004 한국재료학회지 Vol.14 No.1

In this study, the degree of creep damages on the weldment accelerated creep degradation was nondestructively evaluated by replica method. The frequency of creep cavities occurrence has been observed highly at the intercritical HAZ. The life fraction of weldment damaged by creep has shown from 0.25(damage grade: 2) to 0.75(damage grade: 4) when it reptured. The degree of creep damages is considered to be evaluated by the metallographic replica method which is one of nondestructive evaluation methods.

뉴 디자인된 히트싱크의 열 유동 현상 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션

임송철,최종운,강계명,Lim Song Chul,Choi Jong Un,Kang Kae Myung 한국재료학회 2004 한국재료학회지 Vol.14 No.11

For improvement of heat dissipation performance, heat analysis is conducted on the newly designed heat sinks under two convection conditions by using computational fluid dynamics(CFD). Three types of heat sink, plate, wave and top vented wave, are used, and convection conditions are the variations of gravity direction at natural convection and of fan location at forced convection. The results of analysis showed that the heat resistances of top vented wave heat sink were $0.17^{\circ}C$/W(forced convection) and $0.48^{\circ}C$/W(natural convection). In the case of natural convection, gravity direction affected heat flow change, and protection against heat performance was superior in case of z-axis gravity direction. Under the forced convection, all the heat sinks revealed superior thermal characteristics in the fan position of z-axis rather than y-axis. In this study, it was observed that the top vented wave type heat sink showed the best ability of heat radiation comparing with the others.

Cu-TiB₂ 복합재료의 기계적 성질에 미치는 TiB₂ 입자의 영향

강계명,최종운,Kang Kae-Myung,Choi Jong Un 한국재료학회 2004 한국재료학회지 Vol.14 No.1

The mechanical and electrical properties of $Cu-TiB_2$ composites prepared by hot extrusion and cold drawing according to the variation of $TiB_2$ contents and the size of $TiB_2$ particle have been studied. The experimental results showed that the electrical conductivity was decreased with increasing the $TiB_2$ content, and their tensile strength and hardness increased inversely. In the case of the same content of $TiB_2$ particle, the smaller $TiB_2$ particle, the higher their mechanical properties. The electrical conductivity of $Cu-TiB_2$ composites showed more than 70%IACS. Their yield strength and hardness were more than 120 MPa and HRB 60~70, respectively.