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중,고등학교 영어 교과서의 정관사 제시 분석 및 효과적인 지도방안 연구
최정화 ( Jung Wha Choi ),유원호 ( Isaiah Wonho Yoo ) 한국중등영어교육학회 2013 중등영어교육 Vol.6 No.1
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether English textbooks used in Korean middle and high schools offer any meaningful discussion of English definite article usage. Among the 20 textbooks investigated, six of the 15 middle school textbooks cover the definite article in their grammar sections, and four of the five high school textbooks mention the definite article. Without discussing more important uses such as anaphoric and situational uses, however, these textbooks cover only the used with superlatives, comparatives, and body parts. This study has also found that the usage taught to first-year middle school students is taught again to high school students and that textbooks rarely provide students with exercises to practice definite article usage. After discussing ways to overcome the shortcomings in presenting the definite article in those textbooks, the study provides teachers with some useful activities for helping students understand various contexts in which the is used appropriately.
주사(Rosacea)의 한약 치료에 대한 체계적 문헌고찰 및 메타분석
강은정,감은영,김서희,윤석영,전석희,최정화,김종한,박수연,정민영,Kang, Eun-Jeong,Kam, Eun-Young,Kim, Seo-Hee,Yoon, Seok-Yeong,Jeon, Seok-Hee,Choi, Jung-Wha,Kim, Jong-Han,Park, Soo-Yeon,Jung, Min-Yeong 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2021 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.34 No.3
Objectives : This review was conducted to validate the effectiveness and safety of herbal medicine combined with conventional therapy for rosacea. Methods : Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) reporting the effects of herbal medicine treatment on rosacea were searched through eight electronic databases from 2016 to March 17, 2020. This study collection and data extraction were performed by two independent reviews. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used for the evaluation of the risk of bias in all included RCTs. Mean differences(MD) and Risk ratio(RR) of 95% Confidence intervals(Cls) were calculated and data synthesis was conducted using Review Manager(RevMan, ver.5.4) Results : Eighteen RCTs were included and all trials compared the combined therapy of herbal medicine with conventional western therapy to conventional therapy alone. The effective rate of the combination of herbal medicine with western medicine(RR 1.20, 95% CI : 1.13-1.28, p<0.00001, I<sup>2</sup>=0%), the effective rate of the combination of herbal medicine with laser-based therapy(RR 1.12, 95% CI : 1.04-1.21, p=0.004, I<sup>2</sup>=18%) and the effective rate of the combination treatment group using herbal medicine, western medicine and external drugs were all statistically higher that of the control group(RR 1.19, 95% CI : 1.11-1.28, p<0.00001, I<sup>2</sup>=0%). The score of non transient erythema(MD -0.36, 95% CI : -1.01 0.29, p=0.27, I<sup>2</sup>=93%), flushing(MD -0.69, 95% CI : -0.97, 0.41, p<0.00001, I<sup>2</sup>=32%), papules or pustules(MD 0.10, 95% CI : -0.15, 0.35 p=0.44, I<sup>2</sup>=0%) were also seen in the herbal medicine and western medicine combination group. The overall risk of bias of the included studies was some concerns. No serious adverse effects were observed. Conclusions : This review found the safety and effectiveness of the combined therapy of herbal medicine with conventional western therapy for rosacea.