경남지역에 서식하는 수렵조수류의 (狩獵鳥수類) 중금속 축적

최재식,정위현,윤기식,이두표 ( Jai Sik Choi,Wee Hyun Jung,Ki Sick Youn,Doo Pyo Lee ) 한국산림과학회 1994 한국산림과학회지 Vol.83 No.1

Three different types of tissue taken from three game birds such as Ring-necked Pheasant, Rufous Turtle Dove, Mallard and a mammal, Korean Water Deer were analyzed for five heavy metals such as iron, zinc. copper, lead and cadmium. The main purpose of this study was to make clear the background levels of the metal concentrations in the tissues of these game species. The metal levels were generally low and could be considered as the background levels. But some markedly high levels of lead were recorded in the muscles of birds shot by the shotgun. The implications of these results were discussed with respect to the health of people.

인공소상가설에 (人工巢箱架設) 의한 야생조류의 서식생태에 관한 연구 - 경남지역을 중심으로 -

최재식,김재생 ( Jai Sik Choi,Jai Saing Kim ) 한국산림과학회 1987 한국산림과학회지 Vol.76 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhabiting ecology of wild birds using artificial nests in Gyeongnam province. The sort of birds, the utilization of artificial nests by the materials, by the sites and by the forest type, and other inhabiting ecology of birds were investigated from 1984 to 198ti. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Wild birds in surveyed areas were classified into 20 families and 35 species. Among them the birds inhabiting the artificial nests were 6 species and those using them most frequently were Parus ater (17.2%), P. major (16.7%) and P. palustris (12.2%). 2. The artificial nests installed on the top and at the toot of the mountain were chiefly utilized by P. ater and P. major, but the artificial nests in park area were mostly used by Passer montanus and Sturnus cineraceus. 3. Sixty-one percent of the artificial nests were utilized by the birds; 45.5% were used for breeding and 15.6% were inhabitation only. 4. When different nest materials and shapes were tested, mixed nests (sawdust and cement) were used most frequently, and C type. (Diamond shape) of wood nests was used more frequently compared with the A (Roof shape) and B (Box shape) types of wood nests. Meanwhile, the birds prefered the 3㎝ hole size (81.1% of utilization) to 4㎝ of hole (57.8%) and 5㎝ of hole (24.4%). 5. The artificial nests constructed in mixed forest were more frequently inhabited (73.3%) by the birds than coniferous forest (68.3%) and broad-leaved forest (63.3%). 6. The period of egg-laying in Parus species was from late April to early May, while Eophona migratoria, Lanius bucephalus, Motacilla alba and Passer montanus laid eggs generally in the middle of May. 7. Parus species, Passer montanus and Motacilla alba laid one egg every day for 5-10days, but Eopphona migratoria laied 4 eggs in 7 days and Lanius bucephalus laid 5 eggs in 4 days. The incubation period of Parus species was 16-18 days, while the others were about 11 to 14 days. 8. Thirteen days after the hatch of Parus major, chicks reached 13.9g of body weight, 72.0㎜ of wing-length and 20.9㎜of tarsus length. P. montanus chicks reached 20.3g of weight, 66.2㎜ of wing-length and 20.2㎜ of tarsus length during the same period. 9. Food item of .feeding chicks almost consisted of creatures (98.2%) with following composition; 55.2% of insect larvae, 37.2% adult insects, 2.8% of pupae and 2.8% of spiders. Vegetable items were 2% only. Among those creature food items, 95.2% were insect pests to forest.

한국산 산림조류의 중금속 축적 - 지리산지역을 중심으로 -

최재식(Jai Sik Choi),김재생(Jai Saing Kim),김종갑(Jong Kab Kim) 한국산림과학회 1991 한국산림과학회지 Vol.80 No.2

The heavy metal contents accumulated in the birds organ were analyzed by use of 10 species of birds to investigate the environmental pollution of the birds inhabited in Mt. Chiri. Heavy metal concentrations in bird organs, e.g. muscle, liver, kidney, lung and heart were analyzed for 10 species of the birds. 1. Contents of some heavy metal elements such as Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn were similar level compared with any other district, But contents of some heavy metal elements shch as Pb, Cd and Hg were comparatively lower level than those in any other district. 2. The contents of heavy metal accumulation in the muscle of the bird organs were detected much more from the migrants than the resident birds ; the resident bird, Phasianus colchicus were detected to contain 0.01 ㎍/g og Hg and 0.05㎍/g of Cd, but in the migrant bird, Turdus dauma they were detected to contain 0.17㎍/g of Hg and 0.08㎍/g of Cd. 3. The contents of lead were scarcely detected in the muscle of 10 species of birds, but it was highly detected from the hunting (meat-eating) birds such as Phasianus colchicus (0.17㎍/g) and Streptopelia orientalis (0.11㎍/g). Generally, the concentration of heavy metals of the analyzed birds was more mercury than Cadmium.

한국산 산림조류의 (山林鳥類) 서식생태 - 지리산지역을 중심으로 -

최재식(Jai Sik Choi),김재생(Jai Saing Kim) 한국산림과학회 1991 한국산림과학회지 Vol.80 No.2

For the purpose of contributing to wild birds protection and propagation, distribution characteristics and ecological breeding habitats were surveyed in Mt. Chiri from September, 1986 to December, 1989 by the use 01 the nestboxes installed in four study sites by the altitude. The results were as follows ; 1. During the study period, observed birds were 2,403 individuals belong to 59 species, especially, at the 1,400m above altitude the rare species, Falco tinnunculus and the protecting bird species such as Ninox scutulata, Strix aluco and Prunella collaris were observed. 2. In the inhabitation structure of birds by the altitude, Fringilla montfringilla was the highest dominance (41.33%) among the inhabitated birds in the surveyed area. 3. Phasianus colchicus and Streptopelia crzentalis which were mainly inhabited in hilly area were observed until the altitude of 900m. 4. The 92.5% of nest boxes was mainly used by the small birds, Pares spp. and Sitta eacropaea. These species preferred the nest boxes installed at the edge or along the mountaineering path, because they could get food and water easily from those places. 5. The utilization rate of the nest boxes was showed 86% at 500m, 96% at 900m, 98% at 1,400m and 90% at 1,700m above the altitude, respectively. 6. The breeding rate of birds in the nest boxes was showed from 6% to 46% by altitude. Pares varius was the highest breeding species in the surveyed area. These birds inhabited above 500m laid eggs from 15th, April to 22th, May (n=22), but those above 1,700 m laid eggs from 28th, April to 27th, May(n=13), that 13 days were delayed at high altitude. 7. Food items of the chicks of the 5 species collected by the collar method were animal matters : 91.3% of the food was forest insects such as Phalera asiimilis and Pleuroptya batteata except 8.7% of spiders.

Insurance Ombudsman 제도와 그 도입가능성에 관한 연구 - 영국 Insurance Ombudsman Bureau Model 을 중심으로 -

최재식(Jai Sik Choi) 한국보험학회 1989 保險學會誌 Vol.33 No.-

N/A

한국산 다수의 (茶樹) 엽수병방제에 (葉銹病防除) 관한 연구

김재생,최재식 ( Jai Saing Kim,Jai Sik Choi ) 한국산림과학회 1987 한국산림과학회지 Vol.76 No.4

1. The hair cells on adaxial surface turned out to be penetration way of Gleosporium Thea sinensis in tea plant, 2. The most parts of Gleosporium Thea sinensis generated in tea plant were young leaves with first-fifth leaves from tip of shoot. 3. The proper temperature for spore germination on leaf is 25-27℃, soaked by water for 12 hours. 4. For prevention of Gleosporium Thea sinensis the drug-spay in tea plant would be the most effective when sprayed at this temperature range, and the control of Gleosporium Thea sinensis would be possible through selection of tea plant with few hairs. 5. The treatment of bordeaux mixture to prevent growth of conidiospore was 48.3% more effective than in control plot which were not sprayed. 6. The effect of sprayed bordeaux mixture decreased to about 28.5% after one week of spray.

화살 , 남천 , 차 , 초피나무 4유용수종의 종자 발아촉진처리가 포지발아와 (圃地發芽) 유묘 (幼苗) 생장에 미치는 효과

구관효(Gwan Hyo Goo),최재식(Jai Sik Choi),윤기식(Ki Sik Youn) 한국산림과학회 1995 한국산림과학회지 Vol.84 No.1

We examined the effects of seed treatment on field germination rate and seedling growth for four woody species, Euonymus alatus, Thea sinensis, Zanthoxylum piperitum, Nandina domestia which are economically useful in Korea. The seeds of each species were purified carefully after collection during Oct. and Nov.. E. alatus, T. sinensis, and Z. piperitum were sowed in the experimental field after stored in open ground with treatment of Pon-Pon. H₂O₂. GA₃, scarification. and N. domestica was sowed in container within green house after treatment of three different periods(7, 15, 21days) in growth chamber(4, 25, 32℃). Germination rate and seedling growth were measured in mid-Oct.. In E. alatus germination rate was higher in storaging in open ground after soaking in GA₃(67.1%) than in only storaging in open ground(18.4%). But the rate in T. sinenszs showed no differences between storage in open ground after treatment of GA₃, and scarification. and only storage in open ground, Germination rate of Z. piperitum was much higher in storaging in open ground after treatment of Pon-Pon(80.3%) than in only storaging in open ground(12.4%). In N. domestica. seeds stored for 7 days at 32℃ were germinated faster than those stored for 7 days at 4℃, and germination rate of the former was also higher than that of the latter. Peak Times of seed germination in field were order of E. alatus (32 days). Z. piperitum (49 days). T. sinensis (83 days), N. domestica (87 days). The growth of seedling germinated in field showed a good result because of early germination following the effect of seed treatment. The periods of highest growth performances of the seedlings were 72 days in late Jun.-mid Jul. in E. alatus. 59 days in late Jun.- mid Jul. in Z. Piperitum, and 45 days in mid Aug.- mid Sep. in T. sirtensis

초피나무에 있어서 Pon - Pon 처리에 의한 종자 발아촉진과 (發芽促進) 삽목에 (揷木) 의한 무성번식 (無性繁殖) 개선

구관효(Gwan Hyo Goo),윤기식(Ki Sik Youn),최재식(Jai Sik Choi) 한국산림과학회 1993 한국산림과학회지 Vol.82 No.3

This study was carried out to seek for a most effective hastening method of seed germination by Pon-Pon treatment and asexual multiplication method by cutting in Zanthozylum piperitum . The results obtained in this study were as follows : 1. Cold moist stratification under the ground accompanied with Pon-Pon treatment was shown 74.3% of seed germination, which was the most effective one among pretreatment methods with significance at 1% level. 2. Height growth was shown continuous growth pattern and the maximum growth was shown during the period 1 July to 31 July, which corresponds 40.3% of total annual growth. 3. Although no noticeable difference among the kind of plant growth regulator in the rooting rate, there was difference among concentrations with significance at 1% level . 4. In the case of number of primary roots and T/R rate of rooted cuttings, treatment of plant growth regulators was significantly superior to control. 5. T/R rate in rooted cuttings was a high negative correlation (r=-0.7164) with the number of primary roots.

Classification 및 Ordination 방법에 의한 지리산 대원계곡의 삼림군집구조 분석

이경재 ( Kyong Jae Lee ),구관효 ( Gwan Hyo Goo ),최재식 ( Jai Sik Choi ),조현서 ( Hyun Seo Cho ) 한국환경생태학회 1991 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.5 No.1