‘캠벨얼리’ 포도나무의 신초 세력과 눈 괴사

최인명(In-Myung Choi),이창후(Chang-Hoo Lee),홍윤표(Yoon-Pyo Hong),박희승(Hee-Seung Park) 한국원예학회 2007 원예과학기술지 Vol.25 No.4

본 연구는 ‘캠벨얼리’ 포도의 액아에서 발생하는 눈 괴사현상을 구명하고자 주아, 부아 및 액아괴사율을 생육 단계, 신초상 액아 위치, 그리고 신초의 세력 정도별로 나누어 조사하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. ‘캠벨얼리’ 포도의 주아괴사는 만개 후 30일부터 발생하기 시작하여 50일부터 60일 사이에 급증하였으며 이후 휴면기까지 완만하게 증가하였다. 부아괴사율은 주아괴사율보다는 낮게 나타났으나 같은 경향을 보였다. 주아괴사현상은 만개 30일후에는 기부의 눈(1~3번째 마디)에서 선단부의 눈보다 빨리 그리고 높게 나타났으나 시간이 경과할수록 만개 후 50~60일 사이에는 중간부위의 눈(4~9번째 마디)에서 높게 나타났다. 휴면기의 발생률은 기부나 선단부보다 4~9번째 액아에서 발생이 가장 높았다. 휴면기 주아괴사현상의 평균발생 정도는 약한 가지(신초직경 8.0㎜ 이하)에서는 28.6%, 중간 정도의 가지(8.1~11.0㎜)에서는 58.0~77.6%, 강한 가지(11.1㎜ 이상)에서는 96.8%로 나타났다. 눈의 종경에 따른 주아괴사 발생률은 4.1~5.0㎜ 크기에서 22.4%, 4.0㎜ 이하에서는 49.2~53.8%, 5.1㎜ 이상에서는 60%로 나타났다. 가지의 생장은 수령이 증가할수록 증가하였으며, 주아괴사발생도 수령이 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향이었다. This study was carried out to investigate the incidences of main, accessory and axillary bud necrosis in different node position and cane vigour in ‘Campbell Early’ grapevines. Main bud necrosis of ‘Campbell Early’ grapevines occurred from 30 days after full bloom, increased sharply during 50~60 days after full bloom, and increased slowly from 60 to 120 days. Although rate of accessory bud necrosis was lower than main bud necrosis, main and accessory bud had same necroses pattern. Main bud necrosis occurred earlier and higher in the basal buds (1st to 3rd buds) than the more distal buds on a shoot. But as plant grew, main bud necrosis increased in the buds of middle position in shoot (4th to 9th buds) at 50~60 days after full bloom. At rest stage, the mean incidence of main bud necrosis was 28.6% in weak canes (shoot diameter below 8.0 ㎜), 58.0~77.6% in moderate canes (8.1~11.0 ㎜) and 96.8% in very vigorous canes (above 11.1 ㎜). Incidences of main bud necrosis in different longitudinal bud sizes were 22.4% in 4.1~5.0 ㎜, 49.2% to 53.8% in below 4.0 ㎜ and 60% in above 5.1 ㎜ respectively. As vine age shoot is produced strongly, thus main bud necrosis in the vines showed a tendency of continuous increase with their growth.

온도와 이산화탄소의 상승처리가 포도 ‘캠벨얼리’의 수체생육과 과실품질에 미치는 영향

손인창(In Chang Son),한점화(Jeom-Haw Han),조정건(Jung Gun Cho),김승희(Seung Heui Kim),장은하(Eun-Ha Chang),오성일(Sung Il Oh),문경환(Kyung-Hwan Moon),최인명(In-Myung Choi) 한국원예학회 2014 원예과학기술지 Vol.32 No.6

본 실험은 온도와 이산화탄소 농도 상승이 3년생 ‘캠벨얼리’ 포도의 수체 생육 및 과실특성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 수행하였다. 처리구는 대조구(대기온도, 390㎕·L<SUP>-1</SUP>CO₂), 온도 상승구(대기온도 + 4.0℃, 390㎕·L<SUP>-1</SUP>CO₂), 이산화탄소 상승구(대기온도, 700㎕·L<SUP>-1</SUP>CO₂), 이산화탄소 + 온도 상승구(대기온도 + 4.0℃, 700㎕·L<SUP>-1</SUP>CO₂)로 구성되었다. 평균 신초 길이는 이산화탄소 + 온도 상승구가 312.6㎝로 처리구 중 가장 높았고, 대조구는 206.2㎝, 온도 상승구와 이산화탄소 상승구는 각각 255.6, 224.8㎝이었다. 하지만 신초 직경은 온도 상승구와 이산화탄소 + 온도 상승구에서 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 과립 횡경은 이산화탄소 농도가 높을수록 증가하였고, 당함량은 이산화탄소 상승구가 14.6°Brix로 처리구 중 가장 높았으며 온도 상승구에서 13.9°Brix로 가장 낮았다. 수확기를 조사한 결과, 이산화탄소 + 온도 상승구에서는 약 11일 정도 단축되었고, 이산화탄소 상승구와 온도 상승구는 4일과 2일이 단축되었다. 생육기 광합성과 증산량을 조사한 결과, 광합성률은 이산화탄소 상승구와 이산화탄소 + 온도 상승구의 생육초기에 높았으나, 하계에 접어들면서 급격히 감소하여 증산량과 상반되었다. The effects of elevated temperature and CO₂ concentration on vine growth and characteristics of fruits of three-year-old ‘Campbell Early’ grapevine were investigated. The treatment groups consisted of a control group (ambient temperature and 390 ㎕·L<SUP>-1</SUP> CO₂), an elevated temperature group (ambient temperature + 4.0℃ and 390 ㎕·L<SUP>-1</SUP>CO₂), an elevated CO₂ group (ambient temperature and 700 ㎕·L<SUP>-1</SUP>CO₂), and an elevated CO₂/temperature group (ambient temperature + 4.0℃ and 700 ㎕·L<SUP>-1</SUP>CO₂). The average shoot length was 312.6 ㎝ in the elevated CO₂/temperature group, which was higher than the other groups; with 206.2 ㎝ in the control group and 255.6 ㎝ and 224.8 ㎝ in the elevated temperature group and elevated CO₂ group respectively. However, the shoot diameter showed a tendency of decreasing in the elevated temperature and elevated CO₂/temperature groups. The equatorial diameter of berries was increased in the higher carbon dioxide concentration, and the soluble solid content was the highest in the elevated CO₂ group, with 14.6 °Brix among all treatment groups and the lowest in the elevated temperature group (13.9 °Brix). The harvest date was approximately 11 d earlier in the elevated CO₂/temperature group and 4 to 2 days earlier in the elevated CO₂ group and elevated temperature group, respectively. Regarding the rate of photosynthesis and transpiration during the growth period, higher photosynthetic rates were observed in the elevated CO₂ group and the elevated CO₂/temperature group during the early stage of growth; however the photosynthetic rate was reduced dramatically in summer, which was contrary to transpiration.

단보 : 포도 "캠벨얼리" 품종의 과실품질과 기후요인과의 상관분석

김승희 ( Seung Heui Kim ),최인명 ( In Myung Choi ),조정건 ( Jung Gun Cho ),한점화 ( Jeom Haw Han ),황정환 ( Jeong Hwan Hwang ),서형호 ( Hyung Ho Seo ),윤해근 ( Hae Keun Yun ) 한국농림기상학회 2011 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.13 No.2

The study was conducted to investigate the correlation analysis between fruit quality and climatic parameters in grapevines. ``Campbell Early``, one of the major grape cultivars, occupies more than 70% of cultivated areas in Korea. Recent research results have shown that the movement of cultivation area of fruit production resulted from the temperature increase. In this study, we investigated the relationship between fruit quality and climatic conditions in 13 major ``Campbell Early`` grape producing areas (i.e., Sacheon, Jinju, Naju, Dangjin, Cheonan, Gimcheon, Yeongdong, Okcheon, Sangju, Suwon, Yeongju, Gangneung, Chuncheon, and Yanggu). The earliest and latest full blooming days of grapevines were ovserved on May 25 in Sacheon area and on June 7 in Yanggu area, respectively. At least 90 days are required for grapes to mature enough for the production of highquality fruits. The southern areas with less than 90 days of maturity period had difficulty in the production of good fruit. However, the areas with longer maturity period of 100 to 110 days produced grapes with with high sugar content and good coloring. The fruit qualities of ``Campbell Early`` grapes are more closely related with temperature than other climatic factors. High temperature resulted in fruits with high acidity and delayed the coloration of the fruit skin in the southern area. The fruit skin was thin in the southern area and inclined to be thicker in the northern areas. Therefore, grape should be cultivated in regions with long maturity period to have high quality.

포도 '캠벨얼리' 품질에 미치는 토양이화학성의 상대적 기여도

김승희(Seung-Heui Kim),최인명(In-Myung Choi),윤석규(Seok-Kyu Yun),조정건(Jung-Gun Cho),임태준(Tae-Jun Lim),윤해근(Hae-Keun Yun) 한국토양비료학회 2009 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.42 No.3

"Campbell Early", a major grape cultivar, occupies more than 70% of cultivated vineyard areas, however, recommendable standard management system of soil environmental conditions has not been developed yet in Korea. The consideration for the correlation between fruit quality and soil condition in the vineyard is required in the efficient management system of soil. This study was carried out to investigate the optimum soil environmental conditions for "Campbell Early" grape production with high quality. The results from analyses of correlation between them were used to develop soil management guideline for promoting efficiency in grape production. Soil properties were analyzed from 120 vineyards in Hawsung, Sangju, Yeongdong, Gimcheon, Yeongju, and Yeongwol, major grape production regions. Because there is neither coloring disorder nor delayed coloration in grape production of "Campbell Early", relative contribution of soil hardness and solid phase to fruit quality and fruit weight was analyzed. Among the soil properties, while cation and soil hardness affected sugar content at the level of 39.3% and 36.8%, respectively, saturated hydraulic conductivity, solid phase, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) showed relatively low contribution to sugar content in the vineyard. The sugar content in grapes was influenced more critically by the chemical properties than the physical ones in the soil of vineyards. While soil hardness and solid phase affected grape weight at the level of 27.8% and 26.0%, respectively, phosphate content, organic matter content, and cation showed low contribution to grape weight. Grape guality such as sugar content and grape weight was affected highly by cation and organic matters. Therefore, cation and organic matter content of soil contributed to fruit quality at the level of 33.8% and 15.5%, respectively, in the vineyard.

수확 전 · 후 1-MCP처리가 ‘후지’ 사과의 저온저장 중 과실품질에 미치는 영향

유진기(Jingi Yoo),강봉국(Bong Kook Kang),이진욱(Jinwook Lee),김대현(Dae Hyun Kim),이동훈(Dong Hoon Lee),정희영(Hee-Young Jung),최동근(DongGeun Choi),정명근(Myoung-Gun Choung),최인명(In Myung Choi),강인규(In-Kyu Kang) 한국원예학회 2015 원예과학기술지 Vol.33 No.4

본 연구는 수확 전 수체살포용 1-MCP(Harvista™)와 수확후 훈증용 1-MCP(SmartFresh™) 처리가 ‘후지’ 사과의 품질과 저장성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. Harvista™ 처리는 수확 1, 2, 3주전 0, 95, 125, 250 ㎎·L<SUP>-1</SUP>농도로 각각 처리하였으며, SmartFresh™ 처리는 수확 1일 후 밀폐된 공간에서 1μL·L<SUP>-1</SUP>의 농도로 18시간동안 처리하였다. 과실저장은 0 ± 1℃ 조건에서 180일간 저장하였다. Harvista™ 처리에 따른 수확 시 과실품질을 보면 과중, 과피 적색도, 내생에틸렌 발생량, 경도, 산 및 가용성 고형물 함량은 무처리구와 차이가 없었다. 저온저장동안 ‘후지’ 사과의 품질변화를 보면 Harvista™를 250㎎·L<SUP>-1</SUP>의 농도로 2, 3주전에 처리한 과실이 무처리구에 비하여 과실 경도 및 산 함량이 더 높게 유지되었으며, 내생에틸렌 발생량도 무처리구에 비하여 5.5-10.0% 수준으로 현저히 낮았다. 그리고 저장기간 중 가용성고형물 함량은 차이를 보이지 않았다. Harvista™ 단독처리와 Harvista™ + SmartFresh™ 혼용처리구는 경도, 산 함량, 내생에틸렌 발생량 모두 저장 180일 후에도 수확 시와 큰 차이를 보이지 않아 과실품질이 유지되었다. 요인간 상관분석은 Harvista™ 처리시 처리농도와 무관하게 내생에틸렌 발생량이 경도 또는 산 함량과 부의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 그리고 Harvista™ + SmartFresh™ 혼용처리 시 Harvista™ 250㎎·L<SUP>-1</SUP>와 SmartFresh™ 처리가 변수간 정의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 따라서, 수확후 SmartFresh™처리에 의한 과실품질유지 효과와 함께, 고농도의 Harvista™처리 또한 저온저장 중 과실품질 유지에도 큰 효과를 보였다. This work was carried out to evaluate the effects of preharvest 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, Harvista™) and postharvest 1-MCP (SmartFresh™) treatments on t he f ruit q uality a ttributes o f cold-stored ‘Fuji’ ( Malus domestica Borkh.) apples. Fruits were exposed to 0, 95, 125, or 250 ㎎·L<SUP>-1</SUP> Harvista™ at 3, 2, 1 weeks before harvest (WBH), and treated with 0 or 1 μL·L<SUP>-1</SUP> SmartFresh™ at harvest. Fruit was then stored for up to 180 days at 0 ± 1℃. Fruit fresh weight, Hunter’s value a, internal ethylene concentration (IEC), flesh firmness, titratable acidity (TA), and soluble solids content (SSC) in fruit treated with Harvista™ were not different from those of control fruit at harvest. During cold storage, flesh firmness and TA were higher in fruit treated with 250 ㎎·L<SUP>-1</SUP> Harvista™ at 2 and 3 WBH than in control fruit. IEC was 5.5-10.0% lower in fruit treated with 250 ㎎·L<SUP>-1</SUP> Harvista™ at 2 and 3 WBH compared with control fruit as storage duration progressed, while SSC was not affected. Furthermore, flesh firmness, TA, and IEC were affected neither by Harvista™ nor Harvista™ + SmartFresh™ treatments, compared with those fruit quality attributes at harvest. The correlation maps indicated that IEC was negatively correlated with firmness and TA, regardless of Harvista™ application levels. In addition, positive correlations between fruit quality attributes were detected in treatments with 250 ㎎·L<SUP>-1</SUP> Harvista™ + SmartFresh™. Therefore, the results suggest that with a single application of SmartFresh™, a higher level of Harvista™ application would help in retention of fruit quality attributes during cold storage.

‘청수’ 포도에 있어서 식물생장조절제 처리에 따른 과실 품질 및 휘발성 향기 특성

장은하(Eun Ha Chang),정성민(Sung Min Jung),허윤영(Youn Young Hur),남종철(Jong Chol Nam),최인명(In Myung Choi) 한국원예학회 2018 원예과학기술지 Vol.36 No.3

‘청수’ 포도는 양조적성이 큰 품종으로 양조용 포도의 특징은 유핵이며 껍질이 두껍고, 과립크기가 작으며 향기가 진한 것이 특징이다. 본 실험은 우리나라에서 포도의 무핵, 과립비대 및 탈립방지 목적으로 처리하는 생장조절제(PGR)처리가 청수포도의 향기에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 처리방법은 GA₃ 100ppm + Thidiazuron(TDZ) 1% 5ppm, GA₃ 100ppm + Forchlorfenuron (FCF) 0.1% 5ppm, 그리고 GA3 100ppm를 만개 후 14일에 처리하여 최종 수확시기에 무처리구와 포도의 향기 성분을 비교하였다. 과실 특성에 있어서 과립 무게는 무처리 포도가 가장 적었고(4.49g), GA₃ 100ppm + TDZ 5ppm과 GA₃ 100ppm + FCF 5ppm 처리 시 가장 컸다(6.30-6.48g). 당도와 산함량은 무처리 포도가 PGR 처리 포도보다 각각 1°Brix 높은 16.6 ± 0.55°Brix와 0.1% 높은 0.67 ± 0.04%(w/v)이었다. 과실 향기 성분에 있어서는 무처리 포도에서 향기에 관여하는 휘발성 물질이 다양하게 발달하였고 포도에 과일향을 나타내는 성분의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 반면 PGR 처리 포도에서는 과일향에 관여하는 향기성분의 함량이 낮고, 그린 및 풀향을 나타내는 성분이 높게 나타났다. GA₃ 100ppm + TDZ 5ppm을 처리한 포도는 향기 성분이 가장 적게 검출되었다. 과피의 n-alkanes 함량은 무처리 포도에서 가장 높았으며 GA₃ 100ppm + TDZ 5ppm 처리 시 거의 검출되지 않았다. PGR 처리에 따라 n-alkanes 성분 및 함량에 차이가 나타나는 것으로 미루어 향기 생성 전구체인 지방산의 생성에도 영향을 미치며 결국 포도 향기 생성에 관여하는 지방산 함량이 적거나 또는 생성되지 않기 때문에 무처리 포도에 비해 휘발성 향기 성분이나 함량이 적게 나타나는 것으로 사료된다. Wine grape is characterized by small berry-type fruits, which contain seeds and juicy pulp enclosed in thick skin. ‘Cheongsoo’, a Korean grape cultivar selected in 1995, is rich in flavor and used as both a wine and a table grape. The effects of growth regulator treatments including GA₃ alone or in combination with thidiazuron (TDZ) or forchlorfenuron (FCF) have been studied in different Korean grape cultivars to select for traits such as seedless and firm fruits and to prevent berry shatter. However, growth regulators such as cytokines have been shown to delay the growth of grapes. Here, we assessed the effect of three growth regulators on ‘Cheongsoo’ grape through investigation of grape quality characteristics and the development of volatile flavor components. Three treatments of growth regulators, specifically 100ppm GA₃ + 5ppm 1% TDZ, 100ppm GA₃ + 5ppm 0.1% FCF and 100ppm GA₃ alone, were applied at 14 days after full bloom while untreated grapes were used as control. Five quality characteristics of ‘Cheongsoo’ grape were investigated including the sugar, fatty acid and n-alkane contents, acidity and the degree of volatile compound production. Treatment with growth regulators resulted in greater average fruit weight of 6.30–6.48g compared to the 4.49 g of untreated grapes. However, the sugar content of untreated grapes was 1°Brix higher (16.6 ± 0.55) than that of grapes treated with growth regulators. Similarly, the volatile compound and acid content of untreated grapes were elevated, with the latter being 0.67 ± 0.04% (w/v), which was 0.1% higher than grapes treated with growth regulators. The content of hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, 4-hexen-1-ol, and (E)-2-hexen-1-ol derived from the C6 compounds and fatty acids were higher in grapes treated with growth regulators, also these compounds appeared abundant in immature fruits. The n-alkane content was more predominant in untreated grapes, mostly in the wax layers of grape skin, and it was degraded to fatty acids through various pathways. Collectively, treatment of Cheongsoo grape with growth regulators resulted in reduction of fruity volatile compounds that are essential for the production of good quality wine grapes.

적화제 및 적과제가 ‘감홍’ 사과의 착과와 과실 품질에 미치는 영향

유진기(Jingi Yoo),강봉국(Bong Kook Kang),김대현(Dae Hyun Kim),이진욱(Jinwook Lee),이동훈(Dong Hoon Lee),권헌중(Hun-Joong Kweon),최인명(In Myung Choi),정희영(Hee Young Jung),정명근(Myoung-Gun Choung),최동근(Dong Geun Choi),강인규(In-K 한국원예학회 2016 원예과학기술지 Vol.34 No.1

본 연구는 2년에 걸쳐 ‘감홍’ 품종에 석회유황합제(Lime sulfur), MaxCel(1.9% BA), Fruitone(3.5% NAA)을 처리하여 적과와 과실품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 1차년도 약제 처리에 의한 과총당 착과수는 석회유황합제 3회 처리구는 0.82개, MaxCel(10mm) 처리구 역시 1.15개로 무처리구 1.74개에 비해 유의하게 적어 적과 효과가 인정되었다. 과총당 과실의 착과수는 석회유황합제 또는 MaxCel(10mm) 처리 시 단일과 착과율이 각각 47.9%와 48.7%로 무처리 36.0%에 비하여 높았고, 3개 이상 과실 착과율이 각각 1.4%와 5.8%로 무처리 22.9%에 비해 낮아 좋은 적과 효과를 보였다. 액화아의 경우 석회유황합제 및 MaxCel(10mm) 처리구 0.36개와 0.50개로 무처리구 1.20개에 비하여 낮아 정화아에서와 비슷하게 우수한 적과 효과를 보였다. 2년차 적과 효과는 무처리를 제외한 모든 처리구에서 높은 적과 효과를 보였고, 약제 처리가 과실품질에 미치는 영향은 없었다. 따라서, 석회유황합제 또는M axCel 혼용처리보다 단용처리만으로도 착과수를 감소시키는데 효과가 있었다. This study investigated the effects of flower and fruit thinning agents on fruit set and harvested fruit quality attributes in ‘Gamhong’ apples. Lime sulfur, MaxCel (1.9% BA), and Fruitone (3.5% NAA) were applied either at post-bloom or fruitlet stages to mature ‘Gamhong/M.9’ trees. In 2011, the numbers of fruits per cluster in terminal flowers were 1.74, 0.82, and 1.15 for the control, lime sulfur, and Maxcel (applied at 10-mm fruit stage) treatments, respectively. The percentages of single fruit per cluster were 36.0, 47.9, and 48.7% for the control, lime sulfur, and Maxcel (10 mm) treatments, respectively, while the percentages of clusters with three fruits per cluster were 22.9, 1.4, and 5.8%. In lateral flowers, fruit numbers per cluster were 1.20, 0.36, and 0.50 for the control, lime sulfur, and Maxcel (10 mm) treatments, respectively. In 2012, all the thinning treatments showed a positive effect on flower and fruit thinning, compared with the control. Moreover, the treatment with thinning agents did not affect fruit quality. Overall, the results suggest that a single application of flower or fruit thinning agents would be sufficient, rather than the mixed application of thinning agents, based on the observed decrease in fruit setting.

葡萄 ‘거봉’ 품종의 着果量 차이가 着色 및 果實品質에 미치는 影響

최인명(In-Myung Choi),이한찬(Han-Chan Lee),윤천종(Cheon-Jong Yun),이창후(Chang-Hoo Lee) 한국원예학회 1996 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.14 No.2

지구온난화 대비 원예작물의 대응 전략

최인명(In Myung Choi),문영일(Young Eel Moon),문경환(Kyung Hwan Moon),송은영(Eun Young Song),손인창(In Chang Sonn),정봉남(Bong Nam Chung),좌재호(Jae Ho Joa),최경산(Kyung San Choi),성기철(Ki Cheol Seong),김성철(Seong Cheol Kim),김천환( 한국원예학회 2013 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2013 No.10

과수분야 연구과제 현황 및 산학연 협력 방안

최인명(In Myung Choi),이한찬(Han-Chan Lee),고상욱(Sang Wook Ko),전지혜(Ji Hae Jun),김대현(Dae Hyun Kim),한점화(Jeom Wha Han) 한국원예학회 2015 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2015 No.5