Study of the Kinetic Effects on Relativistic Unmagnetized Shocks using 3D PIC Simulations

최은진,민경욱,최청림,Choi, Eun Jin,Min, Kyoung W.,Choi, Cheongrim,Nishikawa, Ken-Ichi 한국천문학회 2012 天文學會報 Vol.37 No.2

Shocks are ubiquitous in astrophysical plasmas: bow shocks are formed by the interaction of solar wind with planetary magnetic fields, and supernova explosions and jets produce shocks in interstellar and intergalactic spaces. The global morphologies of these shocks are usually described by a set of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations which tacitly assumes local thermal equilibrium, and the resulting Rankine-Hugoniot shock jump conditions are applied to obtain the relationship between the upstream and downstream physical quantities. While thermal equilibrium can be achieved easily in collisional fluids, it is generally believed that collisions are infrequent in astrophysical settings. In fact, shock widths are much smaller than collisional mean free paths and a variety of kinetic phenomena are seen at the shock fronts according to in situ observations of planetary shocks. Hence, both the MHD and kinetic equations have been adopted in theoretical and numerical studies to describe different aspects of the physical phenomena associated with astrophysical shocks. In this paper, we present the results of 3D relativistic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations for ion-electron plasmas, with focus on the shock structures: when a jet propagates into an unmagnetized ambient plasma, a shock forms in the nonlinear stage of the Weibel instability. As the shock shows the structures that resemble those predicted in MHD systems, we compare the results with those predicted in the MHD shocks. We also discuss the thermalization processes of the upstream flows based on the time evolutions of the phase space and the velocity distribution, as well as the wave spectra analyses.

Two cases of postoperative chylothorax treated with parenteral octreotide and conservative therapy

최은진,이섭,Choi, Eun Jin,Lee, Sub The Korean Pediatric Society 2007 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.50 No.3

Chylothorax is a rare complication following cardiac surgery for congenital heart diseases. Although conservative management is successful in the majority of cases, surgical intervention is required in a refractory one. Recently, subcutaneous or intravenous infusion of octreotide has been used as a safe treatment that helps avoiding surgical intervention. Herein, we report two cases of postoperative chylothorax treated with parenteral octreotide and conservative therapy. 선천성 심장병의 수술후 발생되는 유미흉은 드문 합병증이다. 이는 수분, 전해질 및 영양의 불균형을 초래할 뿐만 아니라 감염에 취약함을 보이기도 한다. 지금까지의 보존요법에 대해 비교적 치료성적이 좋으나 치료에 반응하지 않는 경우에는 수술적 중재가 불가피하다. 저자들은 보존요법과 octreotide 주입을 병행하여 수술적 중재를 피하고 효과적으로 치료한 수술후 발생된 유미흉 2례를 보고하는 바이다.

연수기 - 일본 성마리아 병원 연수기(1차)

최은진,Choi, Eun-Jin 한국가톨릭의료협회 2003 한국가톨릭병원협회지 Vol.33 No.-

지리적 기원이 다른 Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae 균주들의 표현형적 특성

최은진,이영선,김경희,고영진,정재성,Choi, Eun Jin,Lee, Young Sun,Kim, Gyoung Hee,Koh, Young Jin,Jung, Jae Sung 한국미생물학회 2014 미생물학회지 Vol.50 No.3

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae는 참다래 속(genus Actinidia) 식물에 궤양병을 일으키는 원인세균이다. 7개의 필수 유전자와 11개의 타입 III 효과기 유전자에 대한 다중염기서열 분석을 통해 전 세계 여러 곳에서 분리된 병원성 균주들은 세 그룹으로 나눌 수 있었고 각각 Psa1-Psa3 그룹으로 명명되었다. 본 연구에서는 3개의 Psa1, 3개의 Psa2 및 우리나라와 이탈리아에서 분리된 3개씩의 Psa3 균주 등 총 12 균주를 대상으로 그룹별 표현형을 비교하였다. 그 결과 모든 그룹의 균주가 $22^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 최대의 성장을 보였으며, Psa3 균주들은 $30^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서 성장이 정지되었다. 또한 우리나라의 Psa3 균주의 지연기가 이탈리아 Psa3 균주 보다 긴 특징을 보였다. API 20NE 시험에서 Psa2 균주는 potassium gluconate, capric acid 및 trisodium citrate를 이용하지 못하는 점에서 Psa1과 Psa3 균주와 구별되었다. 다른 그룹과 달리 우리나라 Psa3 균주는 esculin을 가수분해할 수 있었다. API ZYM 시험에서는 Psa3에 속하는 균주들에서만 ${\beta}$-glucosidase 활성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. Psa 그룹에 따라 ampicillin, novobiocin 및 oleandomycin 등의 항생물질에 대한 민감성 양상이 서로 달랐다. Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is the causal agent of bacterial canker in kiwifruit (genus Actinidia). Multilocus sequence analysis of seven housekeeping and 11 type III effector genes differentiated the virulent P. syringae pv. actinidiae isolates worldwide into three groups designated as Psa1-Psa3. In this work, a total of 12 P. syringae pv. Actinidiae strains, including three Psa1, three Psa2, three Psa3 strains isolated from Korea and three Psa3 strains from Italy, were compared based on their phenotypic properties. Strains with different geographic origins had unique growth patterns as demonstrated by growth rate at several temperatures; all tested strains exhibited maximum growth at temperatures below $22^{\circ}C$, while the growth of Psa3 strains was completely inhibited above $30^{\circ}C$. Psa3 strains isolated from Korea had longer lag phases than the Psa3 strains from Italy. The Psa2 strains were different from Psa1 and Psa3 strains in the API 20NE test, in which the Psa2 strains could not utilize potassium gluconate, capric acid and trisodium citrate. Psa3 strains isolated from Korea could hydrolyze esculin. The API ZYM test showed that ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity was detected only from Psa3 strains. The strains belonging to the three Psa groups differed with regard to their susceptibility to ampicillin, novobiocin, and oleandomycin.

군산미(群山米)의 대일 수출구조

최은진(Choi, Eun-jin) 한국역사연구회 2011 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.81

The purpose of this study is to analyze how the Gunsan area's rice was exported to Japan, from the time of the port opening(1899) through the 1910s, in order to examine the relationship between Japan rice exporters in Korea and rice importers in Japan. The overall quantity of the Gunsan rice exported to Japan was controlled not only by the projected size of consumption of Gunsan rice inside Japan, but also by the rice importers in the zaibatsu class of Japan. They were subsidized by the Japanese government on large capitalists. Japanese large capitalists were not pleased with the rice imports and sales of Korean rice in their home country. They advanced into Joseon and went on to dominate both the rice exports and the collection of Joseon rice. They even engaged in rice production. The Gunsan port and its nearby areas were where farms owned by Japanese 'company-style landowners' were largely spread.

부사년(傅斯年)(1896~1950)의 학술사상에 나타난 `과학주의(科學主義)`와 그 함의(含意)

최은진 ( Choi Eun Jin ) 한국중국학회 2017 중국학보 Vol.81 No.-

본고는 傅斯年이 전통중국의 학문을 터득했음에도 누구보다도 더 서구의 학문연구의 체계와 방법의 도입을 매우 강조했다는 것에 주목하여 이를 `과학`우선주의적 입장이라고 보았다. 그는 특히 학술과 교육에서 이러한 입장이 잘 드러났는데 학술과 교육체계의 확립과정에서 근대적 학문과 교육의 핵심내용으로 과학적 학문방법과 과학교육의 내재화를 강조했다. 이는 그가 소장으로 활동한 역사어언연구소(사어소)의 설립목적이나 운영과정 및 그의 역사관이나 학문방법에서도 드러났다. 또한 교육에 관련된 각종 언론에서 보여준 주장들에서도 과학우선주의적 입장이 드러났다. 그렇다면 이러한 과학을 중시했던 이유는 무엇인가. 5.4신문화시기 사회개조의 방안으로 계급투쟁이 아닌 개량적 방법으로의 근대화를 추구했던 傅斯年은 1920년대 전통적 학술체계를 완전히 대체하기 위해 사어소를 설립해서 `과학적 동방학`의 수립을 강조했던 것이다. 이는 당시 과학담론이 우세한 상황에서 가능했다. 또한 중의와 서의의 논쟁에서도 교육의 과학화를 강조하고 이러한 학술과 교육에 있어서 국가의 역할을 강조한 것은 독일유학경험이 큰 작용을 하였다고 볼 수 있다. 즉 독일의 국가가 주도하는 경제와 국민교육 및 훔볼트의 대학체제의 우수성 등을 중국에도 도입하고자 한 것이라고 볼 수 있다. 그러므로 傅斯年은 전통학문을 활용할 수 있었지만 누구보다 철저하게 `과학`을 근간으로 하는 근대화를 추구했던 지식인으로 볼 수 있다. 특히 낙후된 중국에서는 제도적인 근대화가 보다 우선적으로 이루어져야 한다고 볼 수밖에 없었기에 국가의 제도화에 대한 기능과 역할을 중시하는 `도구이성`의 경향을 내재하고 있었다고 하겠다. 傅斯年은 자유사회주의자로 자유와 평등의 균형을 추구하는 모순된 행동을 했다고 보아왔다. 하지만 도구이성의 개념으로 살펴본다면 부국강병이 사상적 계파와 관계없이 가장 근본적인 과제로 인식하고 있는 근대 지식인의 전형이 傅斯年에게서도 드러나고 있는 것을 알 수 있고 그의 모순된 경향은 이로 인한 것이라고 설명할 수 있을 것이다. FuSinian was a professor at the Peking University History Department as well as the director of the Institute for History and Language at the Central Research Institute during the Republic of China. While the transition of Chinese Society from traditional society to a modern society was undergoing, Chinese intellectuals often showed contradictory tendency in their thoughts and actions, and Fu was no exception. Until recently, there have not been many researches, nor much attention on the subject, However, with the recent release of historical records, it is possible to explain the contradictory points of Fu`s thoughts and actions from more various angles. Although he himself was quite adept at Chinese classics, Fu emphasized the importance of introducing western academic research system and method more than anyone else, In this paper, I paid attention to his stance, and tried to explain it as “Science~first” position. His position was particularly evident in his scholarship and education, emphasizing the internalization of scientific methods and science education as the core contents of modern scholarship and education. It was also revealed in the purpose of the establishment and operation of the Institute for History and Language where he was the director, and in his historical view and method of study. In addition, his education~themed remarks to various medias verified what his top priority was. So what was the reason for this “science~first”? Fu believed that modernization could be achieved in reformist ways rather than class struggles, He led the establishment of the Institution for History and Language and emphasized the formation of “scientific East study” in order to completely replace the traditional academic system of the 1920s. This is not irrelevant to the social atmosphere in which the scientific discourse was gaining strength. During the controversies between Chinese Medicine vs Western Medicine, his personal experience of studying abroad in Germany played a major role in articulating the role of state in education In other words, he pursued to introduce Germany`s state~led economy, national education, and the excellent system of Humboldt University to China. Therefore, it could be concluded that Fu showed a typical intellectual pursuing thoroughly “science~based` modernization despite being a skilled scholar of Chinese classics. Brcause China in 5.4. New culture times was underdeveloped, it was unavoidable to put institutional modernization as a priority. It could be also viewed that the tendency of Instrumental reason which emphasizes the function and role of the institutionalization of the state was implied. FuSinian was branded as liberal~socialist who often committed contradictory actions pursuing the balance between liberty and equality. However, with application of the concept of instrumental reason, Fu`s contradictory tendency could be viewed as the model of modern intellectuals who perceived national prosperity and military power as nation`s fundamental task.

경남 방언의 비의도적 반어 표현

최은진 ( Eun Jin Choi ) 문창어문학회 2005 문창어문논집 Vol.42 No.-

1990년대 이래 중국의 대학개혁과 서구대학모델 수용의 함의

崔恩珍(Choi, Eun-Jin) 중국근현대사학회 2017 중국근현대사연구 Vol.74 No.-

Chinese universities have started to embrace the model of Western European university, but the principle and method of management are not same. It could be understood that after the initial introduction of the Western University model, Chinese characteristics have permeated in and brought about diverging from the western model. Based on such understanding, I tried to examine that University reform after the reform and opening up was developed in the process of accommodating the management and principle of the Western European universities, and how the leaders of the reform, such as Government and its university policies and members of University influenced throughout the process and contributed in shaping the Chinese-style university model. In sum, while some democratic aspects existed in the management of university in the early stages of reform and opening up, the problem of bureaucratization in university administration became more intensified as the government’s university policies were strengthened. These results were verified that the tasks of the reform were focused in increasing efficiency and pragmatic approach rather than the principle of university management. This was evident when examining the reform process of Peking University, a highly renowned(prestigious) university in China. In the reform process of Peking University, the governance of the Communist Party which emphasizes the development of productive capacity has strengthened the tendency of deeming university as a tool. Moreover, when the government’s two policies, the popularization of university and the intensive investment for fostering up world-class universities in accordance with the wave of globalization unfurled , the control structure and the autonomy of universities deterioratedThe economic governance of the central and municipal governments and the bureaucratic enforcement have made it difficult for the university’s proper democratic management Additionally, I reviewed the progress of newly-emphasized General Education, which became an important curriculum of university reform, but the outcome of General Education was appraised at best as perfunctory and superficial. From the examples of Peking university and some program of the General Education, these disappointing results were due to the lack of academic autonomy that were crucial for the exhibition of creativity, even though those programs were devised to nurture the creative and ingenious talent. During the socialist era, the state-led education implemented in university and the pragmatic purpose gained the upper hand, the fostering of creative talents ended in a slogan.

가출청소년을 위한 아웃리치동반자 사업의 실태 및 활성화방안

최은진 ( Eun Jin Choi ) 한국청소년복지학회 2010 청소년복지연구 Vol.12 No.4

본 연구는 가출청소년을 위한 아웃리치동반자 사업의 실태 및 활성화방안을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2009년 보건복지가족부가 실시한 아웃리치동반자 사업에 참여한 실무자 143명을 설문조사 하였다. 조사결과 아웃리치동반자들은 아웃리치동반자 사업이 가출 청소년의 예방과 위기청소년 조기발견 및 개입, 일반청소년의 가출예방에 효과적이며 향후 확대되어야 한다는 필요성을 강하게 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 세부적으로는 아웃리치동반자에 따라 사업의 목표를 상이하게 인식하였고 교육 및 훈련이 부족하고, 가출청소년의 욕구에 적합한 서비스가 적절하게 제공되지 못한다고 인식하였다. 또한 활동 중 클라이언트 폭력에 노출될 뿐 아니라 급여 및 근무조건은 매우 열악한 것으로 나타났다. 더불어 아웃리치동반자들은 향후 아웃리치동반자 사업이 확대 실시되어야 하며 아웃리치동반자 사업에 적합한 재교육 및 수퍼비젼, 가출청소년의 욕구에 맞는 서비스 개발, 활동 중 발생하는 위험에 따른 위기 관리 및 대책, 근무 처우 개선을 원하였다. 결과적으로 아웃리치동반자 사업이 가출청소년의 재 가출 예방 및 지원 에 보다 효과적이고 체계적으로 대응하기 위해서는 아웃리치동반자 사업의 확대 실시, 사업 목 표 및 대상의 명확화, 서비스 전달체계의 확립, 근무여건의 향상 등이 이루어져야 하겠다. This study is aimed to look into the status of an out·reach companion project for runway adolescents and a plan for revitalization of it. For this, the survey was conducted on 143 people involved in an out·reach companion project which was implemented by Ministry of Health & Welfare in 2009. As a result, the goal of present out·reach companion project was differently recognized depending on companions, and education and training were insufficient in much of them and the content of service was not satisfactorily provided to meet the desire of runway adolescents and the working condition was not only exposed to clients` violence but payments and working conditions were very poor. The reform plan that out·reach companions hope for the future was that the goal and subject are clearly given, not accomplishment-centered activities so that it could be provided to those in need, and for education and training, they wanted the enhancement of field training that can be substantially used at field and diversity of content of education and wanted the offer of sufficient service for runway adolescents and thorough prevention and measures against risks of out·reach companions and improvement of labor conditions. Through this study, it was verified that a out·reach companion project is very effective to for the prevention of re-runway of runway adolescents and needs to be extensively and systematically executed for the future. Besides, as for the extended projects, clarification of the goal of a out·reach companion project, the establishment of service delivery system, improvement of working conditions are required to be made.

일본과 식민지 조선의 지주제와 소작문제 비교

최은진(CHOI Eun-jin)(崔銀珍) 한국근현대사학회 2021 한국 근현대사 연구 Vol.99 No.-

Comparing the characteristics of the landlord system in Japan and colony Chosun, we can see that both secured the landowner’s landholding institutionally according to the Meiji Civil Law. In Japan, however, they entered the world market dramatically due to the 1st World War, and with this as an opportunity, as industrialization and urbanization advanced, the monopolistic capitalism system was established. As a result, the landholding of landowners went into the phase of disturbances and dismantling. Meanwhile, in colony Chosun, under the Japanese landowners intending to export grains to Japan and the colonial agricultural policy to improve farming productivity, landowner-tenant relationship in the colonial landlord system developed considerably. The colonial landlord system was either extended or maintained up to the mid-1940’s. Also, as far as tenant farming problems are concerned, colony Chosun’s landlord system was poorer and more insecure than homeland Japan’s. 일본과 식민지 조선의 지주제 성격을 비교하면, 모두 메이지민법에 의해 지주적 토지소유가 제도적으로 보장되었다. 일본 민법의 특징은 자본주의가 형성되면서 성립된 지주적 토지소유를 공인하고 이것을 자본주의체제의 구조적 일환으로 定置하는 것이었다. 그러나 일본에서는 제1차 세계대전에 의한 세계시장으로의 비약적 진출을 계기로 본격적으로 도시화·공업화가 진전되면서 독점자본주의체제가 확립되었고, 그 결과 지주적 토지소유는 동요기에 들어갔다. 대토지소유의 해체 경향은 1920년대 중반부터 가속화되어 대공황 이후 심화되었다. 반면에 식민지 조선에서는 일본으로 곡물을 이출하기 위한 일본인 지주와 식민농정의 농업생산력 향상 방침하에 식민지지주제의 지주소작관계가 고도로 발달했다. 식민지 조선의 지주들은 대공황기에도 토지소유 규모를 증대·유지했고, 1940년대 중반까지 지주제가 확대·유지되었다. 소작문제를 보면, 식민지 조선의 지주제는 일본 본국의 지주제보다 열악하고 불안정했다. 보통 소작기간이 일본은 3~5년, 식민지 조선은 1년 정도로 더 짧았다. 소작료는 일본보다 식민지 조선에서 훨씬 고율이었다. 중간착취자로서 소작지관리자의 폐해도 일본보다 식민지 조선에서 심각했다.