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최봉종,이승목,김근한,Choi, Bong-Jong,Lee, Seung-Mok,Kim, Keun-Han 한국환경보건학회 1999 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.25 No.3
Phosphate removal through adsorbent, such as activated alumina, powdered aluminum oxide, flyash, blasted furnace slag and other materials, is commonly and widely practiced. The purpose of this study was to improve the removal efficiency of phosphorus in waste sludge earned at seafood processing factories. To investigate the utility and the feasibility of this sludge disposal process, experiment was carried out with a batch process. As a result, phosphate removal appears to increase with increasing adsorbent does, but shows no changes at an adsorbent does over 5g/l. With increasing ratios of initial phosphate concentration to adsorbent does, the amount of removed phosphate is increased while phosphate removal(%) is decreased. Wasted sludge, treated with zinc chloride chemically, represented a better efficiency than the untreated activated sludge and zinc chloride itself, when they reacted with phosphate solution.
이기창,양천회,최봉종 ( Ki Chang Lee,Chun Hoi Yang,Bong Jong Choi ) 한국유화학회 1985 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.2 No.2
AOM and lamp tests were carried out with soybean, corn, palm oil and beef tallow without the addition of antioxidant. The evaluation of rancidity for the stability was determined by changes of peroxide value and acid value, and the correlation between the stability and the composition of fats and oils was examined. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In the AOM test, POV began to rise in the order of corn oil, soybean oil, beef tallow and palm oil. However, the time required to reach POV 100 in beef tallow was faster than other fats and oils. It was found that there was a good correlation between POV and content of tocophrol. 2. In the lamp test by light of main wavelength 253.7nm, beef tallow was stabler than soybean and corn oil. It was because the absorption of light into beef tallow was much smaller than others, since beef tallow was fats. Palm oil was very stable in all the samples during AOM and lamp test.
3-Phenyloxadiazole 유도체의 1,3-dipolar Cycloaddition 반응에 미치는 온도의 영향
황성규,이기창,최봉종,이광일 ( Sung Kwy Hwang,Ki Chang Lee,Bong Jong Choi,Kwang Ill Lee ) 한국유화학회 1997 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.14 No.3
Ultraviolet spectrophotometric investigation has been carried out on the rate constants for 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 4-substituted-3-phenyloxadiazole derivatives with dipolarophiles such as phenyl acetylene, propiolic acid methyl ester and dimethylacetylene dicarboxylate. From there, the rate constants for 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition were determined at 80, 100 and 120℃, and the reaction rates were increased with increasing temperature, From these rate constants, the values of the thermodynamic activation parameters were obtained. Some thermodynamic activation parameters such as E_a, △H^*, △S^* and △G^* from Arrhenius equation were also calculated for the electrophilic 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 3-phenyloxadiazole derivatives with dipolarophiles. In order to the proposal the mechanism and reactivity of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditioin reaction, the effect of substituents having various kinds of electron withdrawing or releasing groups were examinated. Considering the effect of substituents, an electron withdrawing group attached at the 4-carbon position in 3-phenyloxadiazole derivatives decreases the reaction rate because of the lack of electron density in 3-phenyloxadiazole ring.
Oadiazole 유도체의 고리화 첨가반응에 의한 Pyrazole 유도체의 합성
이기창,황성규,이광일,최봉종 ( Ki Chang Lee,Sung Kwy Hwang,Kwang Ill Lee,Bong Jong Choi ) 한국유화학회 1997 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.14 No.1
The synthetic method of pyrazole was performed by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with dipolarophileinstead of the reaction between diazomethane and acetylene. The cycloaddition mechanism and reac-tivity of 3-phenyloxadiazole derivatives with dipolarophiles was investigated. In order to investigatethe mechanism and reactivity of this cycloaddition, the effect of substituents having various kinds ofelectron withdrawing of releasing groups were examinated. Considering the effect of substituents, anelectron withdrawing group attached at the 4-carbon position in 3-phenyloxadiazole derivatives decrease the reaction rate because of the lack of electron density on oxadiazole ring. The reaction rate of3-phenyloxadiazole derivatives with dipolarophiles were more conveniently measured using UV thanusing a volumetric analysis which was used before. From the result of this study, it was that thecycloaddition was found to be a first-order reaction depending upon the concentration of 3-phenyloxadiazole only.
Goethite 현탁액에서 유기산과 인산염의 경쟁적 흡착
이승목(Seung Mok Lee),최봉종(Bong Jong Choi),이태우(Tae Woo Lee) 한국물환경학회 2000 한국물환경학회지 Vol.16 No.3
Competitive adsorption between phosphate and phthalic acid onto goethite was examined in single-sorbate and in binary-sorbate system to determine the extent of competition between phosphate and phthalic acid as a function of pH and ionic strength (0. 0l M NaCl). In order to compare the experimental data, MINTEQA2 program employing the diffuse layer model is used. This is important for a better understanding of the competitive binding of phosphate and phthalic acid in natural systems. Alkalimetric titration was used to characterize the surface acidity of the goethite. The surface acidity constants, pK^s_(a1) and pK^s_(a2), were 4.02 and 7.7, respectively. For phosphate and phthalic acid, typical anionic type of adsorption was noted, respectively. Also, in the binary-sorbate system, the amount adsorbed decreases with an increase in pH. In the experiments with simultaneous complexation of phosphate and phthalic acid, the complexation of phosphate was not influenced by the presence of phthalic acid. On the other hand, the complexation of phthalic acid was decreased by the presence of phosphate. These results suggest that phosphate can significantly influence the adsorption of simple organic acids in natural aquatic systems. Therefore less mobility of phthalic acid is expected than phthalic acid with complexation of phosphate in competitive condition.
실리카고정 구멍갈파래에 대한 중금속 Cd(II), Pb(II)이온의 흡착 특성
박광하,박미아,김영하,최봉종,Park, Kwang-Ha,Park, Mi-A,Kim, Young-Ha,Choi, Bong-Jong 한국분석과학회 1999 분석과학 Vol.12 No.2
본 실험에서는 동해안산 해조류인 구멍갈파래에 대한 중금속 Cd(II), Pb(II)이온의 흡착 특성에 대해 연구하였다. 구멍갈파래 1 g에 대한 Cd(II) 및 Pb(II)이온의 최대흡착량은 알카리성에서 2.3 mg, 3.1 mg, 산성용액속에서 2.0 mg, 2.8 mg으로 나타났다. Si-고정구멍갈파래는 알카리성에서 3.4 mg, 7.3 mg, 산성용액 속에서 3.1 mg, 6.5 mg으로 나타났다. 따라서 Si로 고정된 구멍갈파래가 더 많은 중금속 Cd(II), Pb(II) 이온을 흡착하였으며, 산성보다는 알카리성에서 흡착량이 더 크게 나타났다. 또한 Pb(II)이온의 흡착량이 Cd(II)이온보다 더 많게 나타났다. Cd(II) 및 Pb(II)이온의 회수율은 구멍갈파래의 경우 55.0~61.0%, 59.7~66.8%로 나타났고, Si-고정구멍갈파래는 87.6~97.5%, 83.5~99.3%로 나타났다. 따라서 구멍 갈파래보다 Si-고정구멍갈파래가 Cd(II), Pb(II) 이온 모두 회수율이 더 높게 나타났다. Adsorption characteristics of heavy metal ions, Cd(II) and Pb(II), on eastcoast-living algae, ulva pertusa, has been studied in our experiment. The Maximum adsorption amount of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions on 1 g of the ulva pertusa were 2.3 mg, 3.1 mg in alkaline and 2.0 mg, 2.8 mg in acidic solution. However 3.4 mg, 7.3 mg in alkaline and 3.1 mg, 6.5 mg in acidic solution were shown on the Si-immobilized ulva pertusa in the same condition. Thus, Si-immobilized ulva pertusa adsorbs more amount of heavy metals, Cd(II), Pb(II), than the ulva pertusa, and more effective absorbent in alkaline. Furthermore, more amounts of Pb(II) ion were absorbed compare to Cd(II) ion in our work. Recovery ratio of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions on the ulva pertusa were 55.0~61.0%, 59.7~66.8% respectively and 87.6~97.5%, 83.5~99.3% on the Si-immobilized ulva pertusa.
신인수 ( In Soo Shin ),최봉종 ( Bong Jong Choi ),이승목 ( Seung Mok Lee ) 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.5
The effects were examined from several conditions of TiO₂ photocatalysis reaction to phenols degradation by changing its reacting conditions such as phenol concentration, pH, TiO₂ concentration, H₂O₂ concentration, flow rate, and intensity of ultraviolet rays. Phenol degradation was more efficient in low concentration of phenol, neutral pH. Phenol degradation appeared to increase as concentration of TiO₂ photocatalyst, that of H₂O₂ and intensity of ultraviolet rays increased. As TiO₂ dosage increased, initial rate constant k linearly increased. When H₂O₂ was injected more than optimum, phenol removal rate didn`t increase in proportional to the change of H₂O₂ concentration as OH radicals was being consumed. When flow rate is less than 4.75 m³/m²?day, phenol removal efficiency appeared to decrease as ultraviolet rays transmission rate becomes low by TiO₂ suspension coated in photo reaction column. Meanwhile, initial rate constant according to light intensity change in less than 25mW/㎠ appeared to be in proportion to light intensity (mW/㎠). Removal efficiency decreased about 12% after 180 minutes of reaction time while showed stable removal efficiency of 100% after 300 minutes when using regenerated TiO₂.
이승목(Seung Mok Lee),최봉종(Bong Jong Choi),김근한(Keun Han Kim) 한국수처리학회 1998 한국수처리학회지 Vol.6 No.2
The removal of phosphate from wastewaters prior to discharge into natural water is an essential measure to prevent eutrophication in receiving waters. Phosphate removal through adsorbents, such as activated alumina, powdered aluminum oxide, activate red mud, flyash, blast furnace slag and other materials, is commonly and successfully practiced. The wasted sludge from seafood processing factory prepared on a laboratory scale has been used to evaluate its performance for phosphate removal. The material has been shown to be a good alternative adsorbent. As much as 90% phosphate removal by the prepared sludge is possible in about 20hrs under the test conditions. Phosphate removal is seen to increase with decreasing adsorbent particle size, increasing relative concentration of phosphate to sludge and increasing adsorbent dose. The removal efficiency is not precipitation dependent in these experimental circumstances.